2022年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試（北京卷）

第一部分知識運用（共兩節，30分）

第一節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出

最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying“freeplay”,Isteppedto

thedoorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.Suddenly,I]amovementofthe

heavywoodendoor.ThiswastheverydoorI2guidedthechildrenthroughto

ensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.Ifeltachill（寒意）gothroughmybody.

Mylegscarriedmetothatdoor,andIpusheditopen.Itwasoneofmy

kindergartenerswhoIthoughtwas3thatday.Hehadbeendroppedoffat

schoollateandwas4toopenthedoor.

Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!Withoutaword,Irushedhimto

thehospital.Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.He'dneedtimeto5,and

wouldn'tcomeforclassthenextday,Ithought.

Thenextmorning,oneofthefirstto6wasmylittlefrostbittenboy.Not

onlydidheruninwithenergy,buthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igave

himawarmhugandtoldhimhow8Iwastoseehim.Hiswordshavestayed

withmealltheseyears,ctIknewyouwouldopenthedoor.^^

ThatcoldMondaymorning,hewaitedalong,longwhileforadultsto9.

Toachild,everyminutefeelslikeforever.Hedidn'tattempttowalkbackhome;he

waitedandtrusted.Thisfive-year-oldtaughtmeapowerfullessonin10.

1.A?causedB?spottedC.checkedD.imagined

2.A-hesitantlyB?randomlyC?dizzilyD.carefully

3.A.angryB.absentC?specialD.noisy

4.A.courageousB?contentC?unableD.unwilling

5.A.recoverB.playC?changeD.wait

6.A.settleB?gatherC?arriveD.react

7.A?sneezeB?weepC?complaintD.laughter

8.A.luckyB?happyC?curiousD.nervous

9.A?showupB.pullupC.holdupD.lineup

10.A?gratitudeB?forgivenessC.faithD.kindness

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第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在

給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區域作答。

A

Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate11theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocery

bags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn'tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.As

Helenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention__

12(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.Eventually,theman13(catch)upwithher,andhe

wasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!

Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly14

(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.It'seasytoexplainhowwe

determine15smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.Thishasbeenadoptedtoensure

easierdetectionofgasleaks.Gasnaturally16(have)norecognisablesmell.However,

astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociated

withdanger.

C

Sincepeoplecan'talwayseatoutorcookfbr17(they),theygettakeoutororder

delivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.That

includescups,bottles,andbags,mostof18areonlygoodfbroneuse.That'sabig

problemanditisgettingeven19(bad).Theuseofthoseplastics20(increase)

by300%since2019.Theworldwon'tsurviveifthissituationcontinueso

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節，38分)

第一節(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上

將該項涂黑。

A

Peer(同伴)AssistedStudySessions(PASS)isapeer-facilitatedlearningprogrammeavailableto

studentsenrolled(注冊)inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.

PASSinvolvesweeklysessionswhereyouworkingroupstotacklespeciallyprepared

problemsets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou'reenrolledin.

PASSdoesn'tre-teachordelivernewcontent.It'sanopportunitytodeepenyour

understandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillsto

solveproblems.

Youworkinteractivelywithyourpeers.Asapeergroup,youdecidewhatiscoveredin

eachsession.Thatway,PASSdirectlyrespondstoyourneedsandfeedback.

RegistrationinTerm2willopenat9am,21September2022.

Waitinglists

Ifasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.Wewillemailyouifaplacebecomes

availableorifanewsessionistobeheld.

Whenyouareplacedonawaitinglist,wewillemailyouanumberwhichtellsyouwhereyou

areonthelist.Ifyouareclosetothefrontofthelist,youhaveagoodchanceofgainingaplaceinthe

programmeinthenearfuture.

Deregistering

2

IfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiven

tosomeoneonthewaitinglist.Makesureyoufillintheattendancesheetateachsessiontorecord

yourattendance.

You'llbeinformedbyemailifyouarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.If

youbelieveyouhavereceivedtheemailinerror,emailthePASSofficeatpassoffice@.

21.InPASS,students.

A?attendnewlectures

B.decidetheirownschedules

C?prepareproblemsetsingroups

D.usetheirskillstosolveproblems

22.Whatcanstudentsdoifasessionisfull?

A?Fillintheattendancesheet.

B.Signupforthewaitinglist.

C?Reporttheirneedsandfeedback.

D?Emailtheofficetheirnumbersonthelist.

23.Studentswillbederegisteredif.

A.theysendemailsinerror

B.theyfailtoworkinteractively

C?theygivetheirplacestoothers

D?theymisstwosessionsinarow

B

MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled（削弱）myabilityto

doanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantly

staringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:Iwanted

tobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.

Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.

Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakea

differenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersetting

allowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone-on-onewithhim—anideathathad

seemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.

Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Looking

back,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldself

wouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.Shortly

afterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanet

groupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingthe

applications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotect

nature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.

IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandFverealisedthatmybiggest

obstacle（障礙）thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethat

onephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican't.Theysaygood

thingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbe

impatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.

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24.WhatwasthemaincauseforAlice'sanxiety?

A,Herinabilitytoactherage.B.Herhabitofconsumption.

C.Herdesiretobeperfect.D.Herlackofinspiration.

25.HowdidGrantBrown'spresentationinfluenceAlice?

A.Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.

B?Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.

C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.

D?Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.

26.TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore.

A-intelligentB.confident

C?innovativeD.critical

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Practicemakesperfect.

B?Patienceisacureofanxiety.

C?Actionisworry'sworstenemy.

D.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.

C

“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?"It'saquestionthatProfessorCrystal

wouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimagining

somethingthatisn'tpartofreallife一andlearninghowtomakeitreal一isarareskill.Itistaught

toartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelped

tocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult-anapproachknownassystemsthinking一isnowseenas

essentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.

Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutrition

becauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredand

consumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect（交叉）withhumanhealth,theenvironment,

economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystemsthinking,changingthefoodsystem一oranyother

network一requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneedtoidentifyalltheplayersinthat

system;second,theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,theyneedtounderstand

andquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.

Takenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberof

undernourished（營養不良）peopleintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreatadvancesinnutrition

science.Trackingof150biochemicalsinfoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationships

betweencalories,sugar,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearning

andartificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000

biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.

Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryonein

thesystemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.A

goodwaytoredress（修正）suchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldid

andteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.

Moreresearchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearnto

lookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthat

visionsalonedon'tproduceresults,butconcludedthat"we'llneverproduceresultsthatwecan't

envision”.

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28.TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to.

A?illustrateanargumentB.highlightanopinion

C?introducethetopicD.predicttheending

29.Whatcanbeinfen*edaboutthefieldofnutrition?

A?Thefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkinghasn'tbeenachieved.

B?Therelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.

C.Machinelearningcansolvethenutritionproblem.

D?Theimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.

30.Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A?Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.

B?Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.

C.Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.

D?Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.

D

Quantum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingme

articlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceas

humans.Fvealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.Oneiscomputerscientist

ChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilip

Taylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,big

techcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.Accordingto

BusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimate

changeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype（炒作）thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthat

researchersaremakingpromisestheycan'tkeep."What'snew,“Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillions

ofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymislead

investors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork'spotential.If

researcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentand

anger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.But

somethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,

perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbeabletounderstand."And

thatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQnantnm.

AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoanswered

myquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson^

concernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin（幅度）“tobuildinga

“useful“quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenable

tosolveotherwise.^^Headds,"Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotof

timequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers/9

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin",asTaylor

claims?Idon'tknow.I'mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestin

quantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.

31.RegardingJohnson'sconcerns,theauthorfeels.

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A,sympatheticB.unconcerned

C?doubtfulD.excited

32.WhatleadstoTaylor'soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A?Hisdominanceinphysics.

B?Thecompetitioninthefield.

C?HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.

D-Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.

C?Useful.D.Resistant.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A?IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

B?IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D?WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?

第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在

答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,

wetendtoignoreourhealth.35Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthese

diseases.

36Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshall

naturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyata

giventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobe

targetedbyviruses.37Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthe

fitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.

Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.38Forinstance,we

mustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsof

exercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.

Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursof

sleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune（免疫）systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases._

39This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.

A?Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.

B?Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.

C?Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.

D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.

E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.

F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.

G?Thismakesourbodysufferandwecatchlifestyleandotherdiseases.

第三部分書面表達（共兩節，32分）

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第一節（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短

文，根據題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區域作答。

Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur（創業者）,witnessedathisownschoolthe

widespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrink

solutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused（浸泡）

water.

Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-along

option.Fromobservinghismumandfromh