Unit4

AmanfromStratford

--WilliamShakespeare*Unit4

AmanfromStratford

1Inyouropinion,whatisShakespearefamousfor?CouldyougivesomenamesofShakespeare’sfamouswork/play?Pre-readingActivityPre-readingquestions:*Inyouropinion,whatisShake2BackgroundInformationWilliamShakespeare(1564-1616),borninStratford-on-AvoninEngland,isoneofthemostremarkableplaywrightsandpoetsintheworld.Hehasestablishedhisgiantpositionintheworldliteraturewithhis38plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems.

*BackgroundInformationWilliam3WilliamShakespeareManywell-knownEnglishsayingscomefromShakespeare'swork,andhehasagreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageandEnglishliterature.Surprisinglylittleisknownabouthislife.*WilliamShakespeareManywell-k4ShakespearelivedinanagewhentheoldfeudalsocialandeconomicorderwasbeingdestroyedandanewcapitalistsocietywasbeingbornandwhenLondontookaleadingpartinthatdestructionandthatnewbirth.

ThetheatricalcompaniesactivelyparticipatedinallthecurrentaffairsofLondonandbytheirperformanceshelpedtopropagatenewideas.*Shakespearelivedinanagewh5a.Apprenticeshipperiod.b.Highlyindividualizedperiod.c.Greatesttragediesanddarkcomediesperiod.d.Romantictragicomediesperiod.*a.Apprenticeshipperiod.*6Histories歷史劇約翰王里查二世亨利四世亨利五世亨利六世里查三世亨利八世KingJohnRichardⅡHenryⅣ（part1and2）HenryⅤHenryⅥ（part1、2and3）RichardⅢHenryⅧ*Histories歷史劇約翰王KingJohn*7Comedies喜劇TroilusandCressidaTheTempestThetwoGentlemanofVeronaMeasureForMeasureComedyOfErrorsMuchAdoAboutNothingLove’sLaboursLostAMidsummerNight’sDreamMerchantOfVeniceAsYouLikeItTamingOfTheShrewAll'sWellThatEndsWellTwelfthNight

Winter’sTale特洛埃勒斯與克萊西達暴風雨維洛那二紳士一報還一報錯中錯無事生非愛的徒勞仲夏夜之夢威尼斯商人皆大歡喜馴悍記終成眷屬第十二夜冬天的故事*Comedies喜劇TroilusandCressid8**9Tragedies悲劇CymbelineHamletKingLearMacbethOthelloRomeoAndJulietTimonOfAthensCoriolanusJuliusCaesarAntonyandCleopatra辛柏林哈姆雷特李爾王麥克白奧賽羅羅密歐與朱麗葉雅典的泰門科利奧蘭納斯愷撒大帝

安東尼與克利歐佩特拉*Tragedies悲劇Cymbeline辛柏林*10**11Thecommonfeatures:Eachportrayssomenoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.

*Thecommonfeatures:*12famouslinesandstatementsFrailty,yournameiswoman!脆弱啊，你的名字是女人！Tobeornottobe，that'saquestion.生存還是毀滅，那是個值得思考的問題。Betterawittyfoolthanafoolishwit.寧為聰明的愚夫，不作愚蠢的才子。Alightheartliveslong.豁達者長壽。Don’tgildthelily.

不要給百合花鍍金/畫蛇添足。

*famouslinesandstatementsFra13BeforeReading_4_1DetailedReadingGlobalReadingAfterReadingbay(barkat)themoon對月亮吠叫（干徒勞無益的事）What’sdoneisdone.事情干了就算了（既往不咎）Murderwillout.(Truthwillcometolight.)紙包不住火（真相終將大白）。strangebedfellows同床異夢togildtherefinedgold/topaintthelily/tosmooththeice多此一舉measureformeasure一報還一報muchadoaboutnothing無事生非*BeforeReading_4_1DetailedRea14AchievementsA).ThecharactersB).Construction

C).Languageandstyle*Achievements*15Thecharactera.Applyingapsycho-analyticalapproach;Greatinexploringthecharacters’innermind.

b.Portrayingcharactersinpairs；

Contrastsarefrequentlyusedtobringvividnesstohischaracters.*Thecharacter*16Theconstructiona.Shakespeare’splaysarewell-knownfortheiradroitplotconstruction.Heborrowsthemfromsomeoldplaysorstorybooks,orfromancientGreekandRomansources.

b.Hewouldshortenthetimeandintensifythestory.Thereareusuallyseveralthreads

runningthroughtheplay.

*Theconstructiona.Shakespear17Languageandstylea.Ironyisagoodmeansofdramaticpresentation.

Disguiseisalsoanimportantdevicetocreatedramaticirony,usuallywithwomandisguisedasman.

b.Hehasanamazingwealthofvocabularyandidiom.Hisinfluenceonlaterwritersisimmeasurable.AlmostallEnglishwritersafterhimhavebeeninfluencedbyhimeitherinartisticpointofview,inliteraryformorinlanguage.*Languageandstylea.Ironyis18Stratford-upon-Avon

Stratford-upon-AvonisamarkettowninsouthWarwickshire,England.ItliesontheRiverAvon.ThetownisapopulartouristdestinationowingtoitsstatusasbirthplaceoftheplaywrightandpoetWilliamShakespeare,receivingaboutthreemillionvisitorsayearfromallovertheworld.

*Stratford-upon-AvonStrat19Stratford-upon-AvonshownwithinWarwickshire*Stratford-upon-Avonshownwith20Stratford-upon-Avon

*Stratford-upon-Avon*21Historicmapfrom1908

*Historicmapfrom1908*22JohnShakespeare'shouseinStratford-upon-Avon

*JohnShakespeare'shouseinSt23RiverAvon

*RiverAvon*24TheRiverAvonbytheRoyalShakespeare

TheatreinStratford-upon-Avon,Warwickshire

*TheRiverAvonbytheRoyalSh25RenaissanceRenaissance:theperiodoftimeinEuropebetween14thand17thcenturies,whenart,literature,philosophy,andscientificideasbecameveryimportantandalotofnewartetcwasproduced*RenaissanceRenaissance:*26Globalreading

*Globalreading*27Skimming1.Decidewhichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupthetext.(2)WilliamShakespearehaswrittenalotofgreatworks.WilliamShakespeare’slifestoryissuppositionratherthanfact.WilliamShakespeare’slifeisfullofadventureandcoincidence.*Skimming1.Decidewhichofthe28Skimming2.Whichtypeofwritingdoesthetextbelongto?Narration.

3.Howdoesthewriterorganizethetext?Whattechniquedoesthewriteruseinthenarration?Thewriterorganizesthestoryintheusualchronologicalorder.HeclassifiesShakespeare’slifeintochronologicalperiods,thedivisionofwhichisbasedonatimeorder.Heusestheflashbacktechnique,i.e.tobeginwiththesigningofthewillandthenturnsbacktothebeginning,themiddle,andtheendofShakespeare’slife.*Skimming2.Whichtypeofwriti29skimmingSkimthetextandfindoutthewordsorsentencesineachparagraphwhichbestsumsupthemainideaoftheparagraph.Nothingremainsofthewriter’sownhandwritingbuthissignature.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Para.7ThelastsentenceThefirstsentenceThefirstsentence…traveledabroad…ThelastsentenceThefirstsentence*skimmingSkimthetextandfind30FurtherreadingTorFAnneHathawayandSusannaHallgotShakespeare’srealestate.

2. ForAnneHathawayandhismarrieddaughterthemostinterestingpartofthewillwashissignaturebecausewithoutit,thewillwouldnothavebeenvalid.3. EverydetailofShakespeare’slifeisfactaswellassupposition.4. ShakespeareisconsideredtohavebeenborninRomantimes.5. PeopleineverycountryreadShakespeare’sworkswithfear.6. Shakespeare’sElizabethanEnglishisnotverydifficulttopeoplewhounderstandmodernEnglish.7. ItisawasteoftimefortouriststogotoShakespeare’sbirthplace.8. ItisnotsurprisingthatShakespeareleftusnothingbuthissignature.F()FFFFFFF()()()()()()()*FurtherreadingTorFAnneHat31Detailedreading

*Detailedreading*32L.1master:n.

someonewhoisveryskilledatsomething.Hereitreferstoapersonwhoisrecognizedashavingachievedaveryhighdegreeofskill.大師masterof:apersonwhoisskilledatsth.Hewasamasterofshortstories.他擅長寫短篇小說。

Heisamasterofdisguise.他是個精于偽裝的人。masterat(doing)somethingShe’samasteratmanipulatingpeople.*L.1master:n.masterof33L.2legacy:n.1.moneyorpropertythatyoureceivefromsomeoneaftertheydieTheyeachreceivedalegacyof￡5000.2.somethingthathappensorexistsasaresultofthingsthathappenedatanearliertime后遺癥，遺留問題Theproblemsweremadeworsebythelegacyofcenturiesofneglect.這些問題由于長期無人過問，情況變得更加嚴重。Futuregenerationswillbeleftwithalegacyofpollutionanddestruction.留給子孫后代的將是環境的污染與破壞。*L.2legacy:n.1.moneyorp34L.3estate:n.

Sheleftherestatetoherhusband.1.(law)allofsomeone’spropertyandmoney,especiallyeverythingthatisleftaftertheydie2.alargepieceoflandinthecountry,usuallywithonelargehouseonitandoneowner房地產3.apieceoflandonwhichbuildingshaveallbeenbuilttogetherinaplannedway莊園*L.3estate:n.Shelefther35Fillintheblankswith“estate”or“legacy”.HehasabeautifulnearLondon.（他在離倫敦不遠處有一個美麗的莊園。）b)ThesearetheculturaloftheRenaissance.（這些是文藝復興時期的文化遺產。）c)Theoldmanleftanoftwomilliondollarswhenhedied.（那老人去世時留下二百萬美元的遺產。）d)Hesettledpartofhisonhisson.（他把部分財產轉讓給兒子了。）estatelegaciesestateestate________________________________*Fillintheblankswith“estat36e)Hisweakchestwasaofachildhoodillness.（他那瘦弱的胸脯是兒時患病的后遺癥。）f)Heinvitedustohiscountryforaweekendshoot.

（他邀請我們到他鄉下的莊園去過一次打獵的周末。）g)Removeafromawill,becausetheitemconcernednolongerexists.（因為有關物品已不再存在，從遺囑中將其除消。）legacyestatelegacy________________________*e)Hisweakchestwasa37L.2secondbestbedandfurnitureBeforeanadjectiveofthesuperlativedegree,wecanoftenuse“second”or“third”or“byfar”tomodifyit.Johnreceivedthetitleofvicepresidentatthebankandbecamethesecondmostimportantfigure.*L.2secondbestbedandfu38L.3comfortablyoff:havingenoughmoneytoliveincomfortHisfamilyisbadlyoff,sotheycan’tsendhimtouniversity.Thelesswell-offpensionersarefindingithardtosurviveonwhattheyget.那些比較貧窮的領養老金者覺得很難靠所得的養老金生存下去。Otherexpressions:welloff,badlyoff*L.3comfortablyoff:Hisfam39Theyareverywell-to-do.他們很闊綽。

well-to-do:equalto“richandwealthy”,meaningthepossessionofmorethanenoughmoneyorpropertyDemonstratorsprotestedthatthetaxbillfavoredthewell-to-do.示威者們抗議征稅法案偏袒富人。*Theyareverywell-to-do.他們很闊綽40L.4amountto:Ourmonthlyexpenditureonfoodusuallyamountsto150yuan.Hisdebtsamountto$1000.Yourwordsamounttoarefusal.1.addupto,reach2.beequalinmeaning,bethesameasThisconversationamountstoadifferenceofopinionbetweenus.他欠的債高達1000美元。*L.4amountto:Ourmonthlyexp41Shewasinaweofhergrandfather,butadoreshergrandmother.WefeltawewhencontemplatingtheworksofBach.Theimprisonedsoldierswereinaweoftheircaptors.L.8awe*Shewasinaweofhergrandfat42Paraphrasethesentence.PeopleallovertheworldreadShakespeare’sworkwithafeelingofprofoundrespectandwondermentbecausethereissomethingabouthimthatmadepeoplecharmed…L.7

ThereisnocountrywhereShakespeare’sworkisnotreadwithsomethingverylikeawebecausethereissomethingfascinatingaboutaman…*Paraphrasethesentence.People43Paraphrasethesentence.Wedonotbaseeveryminuteandparticulardetailofhispersonallifeonfacts,butonlyonguesswork.L.10

…almosteverydetailofhispersonallifeissuppositionratherthanfact.*Paraphrasethesentence.Wedo44Whydoesthewritersay“Historicallyspeaking,Shakespearelivedonlyyesterday”?Fromthehistoricalpointofview,fourhundredyearsisonlyashortperiodoftime.Besides,historianssetthedate1453asthebeginningofmodernhistory.Shakespearewasbornin1564anddiedin1616.Sotohistorians,Shakespearelivedinthesametimeaswedo,notfarawayfromusinhistory,asifhewerelivingonlyyesterday.L.11

Historicallyspeaking,Shakespearelivedonlyyesterday…*Whydoesthewritersay“Histo45L.12vague:adj.unclear;nothavingaclearshapeorformThegovernorgaveonlyavagueoutlineofhistaxplan.bevagueaboutJuliawasvagueaboutwhereshehadbeenandwhatshehadbeendoing.haveavagueidea/feeling/recollection,etc.(that):tothinkthatsomethingmightbetrueorthatyouremembersomething,althoughyoucannotbesure

Larryhadthevaguefeelinghe’ddonesomethingembarrassingthenightbefore.Larry隱約覺得前一天晚上他做了很丟人的事情。*L.12vague:adj.Thegovernorg46Paraphrasethesentence.Weareoftenuncertainaboutthethingsandpeopleintheancienttime.WearesouncertainaboutShakespeare’sactivitiesthatwemightaswellsaythathewasbornwhentheRomansoccupiedBritainalongtimeago.L.11

…buthisactivities,likethoseofnearlyeveryplaywrightofhisday,aresovaguethathecouldhavebeenborninRomantimes.*Paraphrasethesentence.Weare47L.14thrive:v.

tobecomeverysuccessfulorverystrongandhealthyNewbusinessesthriveinthisarea.Theseanimalsrarelythriveincaptivity.thriveonsomething:

enjoyorbesuccessfulinaparticularsituation,especiallyonethatotherpeoplefinddifficultorunpleasantIwouldn’twantthatmuchpressure,butsheseemstothriveonit.*L.14thrive:v.Newbusinesse48thriving:adj.

beingverysuccessfulMybusinessisthriving.Tangshanhasdevelopedintoathrivingcityoverthepastthirtyyearssincethedisastrousearthquake.*thriving:adj.Mybusinessis49Paraphrasethissentence.BecauseofitsmostfamouscitizenWilliamShakespeare,Stratford-upon-Avonhasmadealotofmoneyforalongtime.L.14

…hadmadeathrivingbusinessoutofitsmostfamouscitizenforalongtime.*Paraphrasethissentence.Becau50Culturalbackground:Shakespeare’sElizabethanEnglishShakespearelivedduringthereignofQueenElizabethI(1558-1603).TheEnglishlanguageusedinthatperiodiscalledElizabethanEnglish,whichisclassifiedasearlymodernEnglishandwhichisdifferentfrompresent-dayEnglishinmanyrespects,suchaspronunciation,spelling,grammarandvocabulary.That’swhymanytouristshavedifficultiesinunderstandingit.L.15

…manyofthemwouldhavethegreatestofdifficultyinunderstandingShakespeare’sElizabethanEnglish.*Culturalbackground:Shakespea51ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

我怎么能夠把你來比作夏天？

Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:你不獨比它可愛也比它溫婉：

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

狂風把五月寵愛的嫩蕊作踐，

Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:夏天出賃的期限又未免太短Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,

天上的眼睛有時照得太酷烈，

Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;

它那炳耀的金顏又常遭掩蔽；

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

被機緣或無常的天道所摧折，

Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;沒有芳艷不終于雕殘或銷毀；

：

，

*ShallIcomparetheetoasumm52Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,

但是你的長夏永遠不會雕落，

Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouowest;

也不會損失你這皎潔的紅芳；

NorshallDeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，Whenineternallinestotimethougrowest:當你在不朽的詩里與時同長：Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,

只要一天有人類，或人有眼睛Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.這詩將長存，并且賜給你生命。(Sonnet18)（梁宗岱譯）*Butthyeternalsummershall53L.17well:alot,ortoagreatdegree,toaconsiderableextentItwaswellafter12o’clockwhentheyarrived.Standwellbackfromthebonfire.Thevillageiswellbelowsealevel.Theamphitheatreiswellworthavisit.wellbefore/after/above/below,etc.I’mwellawareoftheproblemsinvolved.Iwentoutandgotwellandtrulydrunk.*L.17well:Itwaswellaf54Whatismeantbythissentence?AnyonewhowantstomakeanoutlineofShakespeare’slifefindshimselfinadifficultsituation.Heislikeadetectivetryingtofindoutaboutacase.Hehasonlyalotofcluesbuthardlyanyfactsorevidence.L.20

ToplotShakespeare’slifeistobecomeinvolvedinakindofdetectivestorywherethereareplentyofcluesbutverylittleelse.*Whatismeantbythissentence55L.22confirm:v.ThekingconfirmedthattheelectionwouldbeonJune20th.2.togiveapprovalto(aperson,agreement,position)Pleaseconfirmyourtelephonemessageinwriting.Afterasix-monthprobationaryperiod,herpositionwasconfirmed.WhendoyouthinkthePresidentwillconfirmyouinoffice?1.tosupport,makecertain,giveproofof國王核實了選舉將會在6月20號舉行*L.22confirm:v.Thekin56L.22baptize:v.toperformtheceremonyofbaptism

baptism:

aChristianreligiousceremonyinwhichapersonistouchedorcoveredwithwatertomakehimpuretoshowthathehasbeenacceptedasamemberofthechurch*L.22baptize:v.baptism:*57**58**59**60L.30conviction:n.thefeelingofbeingsureaboutsomethingandhavingnodoubtsHewasabletosaywithconvictionthathehadchanged.Hesaidheagreedbuthisvoicelackedconviction.withconviction:肯定、深信without/lackconviction:不肯定他說他同意了，但是他的聲音里流露出不確定。*L.30conviction:n.Hewasab61Whatismeantbythissentence?Itmeans“AfterShakespearehadseensomeoftheperformancesputonbysomeofthetheatricalcompanies,hecametoseeinstantlythatheoughttotakeuptheatreashiscareer,andhepersuadedoneofthemanagerstogivehimajob.”L.34

…realizedinaflashthatthiswasthelifeforhimandtalkedoneofthemanagersintogivinghimajob.*Whatismeantbythissentence62TheytalkedJohnintotakingpartinthespeechcontest.Ididn’twanttomoveabroadbutBilltalkedmeintoit.L.35talksb.intodoingsth.:

persuadesb.todosth.talkoutof:

persuadesomebodytogiveupanideaornottodosth.Judytalkedherhusbandoutofinvestingtheirmoneyinstocks.Shetriedtotalkhimoutofleaving.我不想到處搬家，但Bill說服了我。Judy勸說丈夫不要把錢投到股市中*TheytalkedJohnintotakingp63Paraphrasethesentence.Hebecamefamousenoughforthemanagersandotherpeoplewhohadagreatinfluenceuponotherstomentionhimintheirwriting.L.39

...becomesufficientlywellknownformanagersandotherinfluentialpeopletorefertohiminwriting.*Paraphrasethesentence.Hebec64WhatcanwelearnaboutShakespeare’sliterarytalentsfromthissentence?Thesentencemeans“Hesoonbecamefamousbynotonlyimprovingorrevisingtheoldplaysbutalsowritingcompletelynewplaysandactingintheplaysforthequeen.”WecanlearnfromthesentencethatShakespearewasgiftedbothincreativewritingandinactinginthetheatre.L.40

Weknowthataswellasworkingonoldplaysherapidlymadeanameforhimselfasanauthorofentirelynewonesandalsoperformedasanactoratcourt.*WhatcanwelearnaboutShakes65L.44amassof:alargeamountorquantityofsth.Afterharvestwewillhaveamassofrice.Ibegansiftingthroughthemassofevidence.beamassof:

tobefulloforcoveredwithsth.充滿TherosebushesareamassofflowersinJune.Herarmswereamassofbruises.*L.44amassof:Afterharve66L.47inspire:vt.

1.togivesb.thedesire,confidenceorenthusiasmtodosth.well鼓舞，激勵Theteamarediffidentnow.Weneedsomeonewhocaninspirethem.Heinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupthesport.2.togivesb.theideaforsth.,especiallysth.artistic

賦予靈感，激發想法ThechoiceofdecorwasinspiredbyatriptoIndia.HispaintingswereclearlyinspiredbyMonet’swork.3.inspiresb.(withsth.);inspiresth.(insb.)使產生Herworkdidn’texactlyinspiremewithconfidence.*L.47inspire:vt.1.togive671.簽遺囑2.富裕3.（數目）達4.因……而興盛5.牽涉到signone’swillcomfortablyoffamounttothriveoutofbecomeinvolvedinUsefulExpressions6.說服某人（做某事）talksomebodyinto(doingsth.)7.一堆問題amassofquestions8.什么也沒留下nothingremainsof*1.簽遺囑2.富裕3.（數目）達4.因……而興68TheGlobeTheatreisaplayhousebuiltjustoutsideLondonin1599.Itisthemostfamoustheatreinhistory:onitsstageShakespeare’sgreatestplayswerefirstperformed.Bigenoughtoholdabo