Unit4GlobalwarmingGrammar

肯定句：Itis

(was)+被強調部分+that(who)+句子剩余部分強調句可用來強調除謂語以外的其它成分，如主語，賓語，狀語等；被強調的成分可以是一個詞，一個短語，也可以是一個從句。

否定句:Itis(was)+not+被強調部分+that(who)+句子剩余部分一、強調句的結構：例：昨晚在街上我看到他了。Isawhimonthestreetlastnight.主語賓語地點狀語時間狀語強調主語：

強調賓語：強調地點狀語：強調時間狀語：

ItwasIthat/whosawhimonthestreetlastnight.

Itwashimthat/whoIsawonthestreetlastnight.

Itwasonthestreet

that

Isawhimlastnight.

Itwas

lastnight

that

Isawhimonthestreet.強調主語：

強調賓語：強調地點狀語：強調時間狀語：

ItwasIthat/whosawhimonthestreetlastnight.

Itwashimthat/whoIsawonthestreetlastnight.

Itwasonthestreet

that

Isawhimlastnight.

Itwas

lastnight

that

Isawhimonthestreet.

一般疑問句：Is/Was+it+被強調部分+that+句子剩余部分

?Was

itIthat/whosawhimonthestreetlastnight??Wasithimthat/whoIsawonthestreetlastnight??Wasitonthestreetthat

Isawhimlastnight??Wasit

lastnight

that

Isawhimonthestreet?④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+is/was+it+that+句子的其它部分?

?Was

itIthat/whosawhimonthestreetlastnight??Wasithimthat/whoIsawonthestreetlastnight??Wasitonthestreetthat

Isawhimlastnight??Wasit

lastnight

that

Isawhimonthestreet?

?

Who

wasitthatsawhimonthestreetlastnight??

WhomwasitthatIsawonthestreetlastnight??

Wherewasitthat

Isawhim

lastnight.?

Whenwasit

that

Isawhimonthestreet.Canyoutellmewhatitisthathasmadehimsoupsetthesedays?---Whatisitthathasmadehimsoupsetthesedays.---Canyoutellme?注意:強調句的特殊疑問句放在及物動詞后作賓語從句時,要用陳述句語序。如1.----Was____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?

----No,itwasn’t.

A.ityouB.notyou

C.youD.thatyourself2.Wherewasit_____youfoundthelostchild?A.who

B.

thatC.

whichD.

what練習3._____electricityplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife?

A.WhywasitthatB.WhyisitthatC.WhyisitD.WhyitisthatB4.Ireallydon’tknow_____Ihadmymoneystolen.A.whereisitthatB.whenitisthatC.whereitwasthatD.itwaswherethatC二、強調句的幾項注意：2.be動詞的形式是is或was，不能用復數形式are或were。1.句首詞用“It”,不能用“This,That”等。1.It_____MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.

A.isB.areC.wereD.was練習2.It_____atChristmasthatJohnSmithgaveMaryahandbag.

A.musthaveB.willbeC.mighthavebeenD.mayhavehadC注意：強調句型中的be動詞可以和情態動詞結合，句式特征如:Itmaybe+被強調部分+that…Itmust/mighthavebeen+被強調部分+that…如：1)ItmaybenextweekthatsheleavesforTokyo.2)ItmighthavebeenJohn______boughtanewbookforMaryyesterday.A.whatB.sinceC.thatD.thenC1.Isit_____whowantstoseeyou?

A.himB.heC.hisD.himself

2.Itwas_____whorespectedalltheirteachers.

A.themB.theirC.theyD.themselves3.---WhatisMary?

---Wasit____thatyouwerereferredto?

A.heB.sheC.herD.they3.被強調的部分如果是代詞，強調主語用主格，強調賓語用賓格。練習4.強調句的連接詞一般用that，當強調部分是人時，既可用that也可用who.當強調部分是時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時，不能用when，where，why或how,而要用that。1.ItwasonOctober1st1949_____newChinawasfounded.

A.whichB.whenC.asD.that練習

2.Itwasatthegate____hetoldmethenews.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when3.Wasitinthispalace____thelastemperordied?

A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which4.It wasforthisreason______herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage．A.whichB.whyC.thatD.howC5.Itisbecauseheistooyoung_____hedoesnotunderstandit.asB.soC.thatD.whatC1)ItisMarywhooften_____(help)mewithmyEnglish.

2)ItisIthat____(be)

againstyou.

3)ItisMrGreen,

togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,

that

____inChinanow.

A.areB.isC.wasD.werehelpsam5.主謂一致問題:被強調的主語要和that后面的謂語動詞在數上保持一致。另外：在強調句型中，有時也考察用ratherthan，not…but…等連接的平行對比結構，此時既要注重比較結構，又要注意主謂一致，屬于較復雜的句式。常見的句式特征為：Itis/wasnot…but…that…“不是…而是…”（that后的動詞與but后的名詞或代詞保持一致）Itis/was…ratherthan…that…“是…而不是…”(that后的動詞應與ratherthan前的名詞或代詞保持一致)如：1.Itisnothelpbutobstaclesthatmakeaman.[簡析]“使人成才的,不是助力,而是阻力”。obstacles和make形成主謂一致關系。2.PersonallyIthinkitisthesalesmanager,ratherthanthesalesgirls,______toblame.A.isB.thatisC.areD.whoareB句式特征為：Itis/was+被強調部分+that…，isn’t/wasn’tit？例：ItwasAliceandherboyfriendwhosenttheoldmantothehospital,______?A.dotheyB.didn’ttheyC.wasn’titD.wasit6.強調句型的反意疑問句形式C7.

not…until結構的強調：強調“not…until”引導的時間狀語時，要用“itis/wasnotuntil…that…”結構,譯為"直到...才...".that后面的句子要用肯定式，且須用陳述句語序。

Eg:Wedidnotgetoffthebusuntilitstopped.

Itwasnotuntilitstoppedthat

wegotoffthebus.1.Itwas

notuntil1920___regularradiobroadcastbegan.A.while

B.whichC.that

D.since

2.Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;that

B.until;that C.

until;when

D.when;then練習

3.

Itwas________backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo句式特征為:1)整個強調句型用作名詞性從句;或2)在強調句型中含有名詞性從句。8.強調句型和名詞性從句的結合。例：I’veforgotten____youputthepen.A.thatitwasthereB.whereitwasthatC.thatwhereitwasD.whereitwasthat[簡析]：本題是經過變形的強調句型放在forgotten后作賓語從句的體現，為了更好地理解，我們分三步對其進行討論。第一步，復原強調句，如→ItwasonthedeskthatIputthepen.第二步，對劃線部分提問→Wherewasitthatyouputthepen?第三步，將其放forgotten后作賓語從句，變為陳述語序,則變成:I’vealreadyforgottenwhereitwasthatyouputthepen.我們再看一個強調句型中含有同位語從句的例子：[簡析]：本題答案為D。第一個that為強調句型中的that；第二個that引導同位語從句，說明decision的內容。Itwasattheverybeginning____Mr.Foxmadethedecision_____weshouldsendmorefirefightersthere.A.when;whichB.where;whatC.then;soD.that;that

句式特征為:在強調句型的被強調部分或其他部分中找出一個先行詞，附上修飾該部分的定語從句，這樣整個句子結構就變得非常復雜。應特別注意不要混淆定語從句的關系詞和強調句型中的that/who部分。9.強調句型和定語從句的結合。例1:Itwasinthesmallhouse_____wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather____hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whereC.which;whichD.that;which[簡析]：本題含義為“是在這間小房子里他度過了童年”，thesmallhouse作先行詞，其后的定語從句缺做主語的關系代詞；第二空所缺的應是強調句型中的結構詞that,故答案選A。[簡析]：劃線部分作定語從句修飾先行詞time。本題中有兩個that，最大的誤會就是把二者弄混，第一個that是強調句型中的；第二個that是關系代詞引導定語從句的。因其作spent的賓語，可換成which，也可以省去。例2：Itwasplayingcomputergamesthatcosttheboyplentyoftimethatheoughttohavespentdoinghislessons.1.Itwasinthe1990s,___greatchangesweretakingplaceinchina,___hemadealotofmoney.that;whenB.duringwhich;thatC.that;thatD.that;where解析強調部分inthe1990s后跟了一個非限定性定語從句。練習2.Itwasintheschool,____Ioncestudied,_____weheldaparty.where;thatB.which;thatC.that;whereD.that;inwhich解析whereIoncestudied為非限定性定語從句修飾school。3.WasitBill,___playsfootballwell,___helpedtheblindmancrosstheroad.that;thatB.who;thatC.who;whoC.that;who解析Who引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾Bill;that指代被強調部分Bill.句式特征為:在一定的上下文語境中，強調句型的某個部分可以省略。作題時要特別注意將其復原并加以比較。1.---Whoismakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden?---_____thechildren.A.ItisB.TheyareC.ThatisD.Thereare[簡析]：強調句型在具體的語境中省略，其完整形式應是：Itisthechildrenwho/thataremakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden.。10.強調句型的省略形式。練習2．---Hewasnearlydrownedonce.---Whenwas_______?---____wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.A.that;ItB.this;ThisC.this;ItD.that;This[簡析]：第一空that指代前面他差點被淹死這件事。第二空的it是強調句的標志詞。whenhewasinmiddleschool.為定語從句，修飾1998，其后省去了thathewasnearlydrownedonce.此題如把關系副詞when也挖空，則很容易誤選that。答案選A。3.---Wheredidyoumeethim?---Itwasinthepark____heworked.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.when這是個強調句的省略句，完整句子是：ItwasintheparkwhereheworkedthatImethim.解析三、強調句與其它從句的區別1）強調句型的判斷把itis(was)...that(who)...去掉后，（適當調整語序）剩下的部分句意完整，不缺任何成分，那么這個句子就是強調句；如果句子不完整，則不是強調句。注意：強調句這一特點是區分強調句和其它從句的關鍵。ItwasyesterdaythatIboughtabook.YesterdayIboughtabook.主要從以下兩方面考慮：1)強調句式“Itis(was)…that/who”可去掉，不影響句意，剩下的詞能單獨組成一個完整的句子，而包含定語從句的句子不能這樣做。2)Itis(was)后，若是名詞及名詞詞組，其后一般是定語從句；若是副詞、介詞短語，則句子屬強調句式。2)強調句型與和定語從句的區別：請寫出正確的引導詞1)Itwas

onthefarm______wemeteachother2)Itwasthefarm_______wemeteachother.3)

Itwas

onthatday_____wemeteachother.4)

Itwasthatday_______wemeteachother.

that

where(強調句式)(定語從句)when

that

(強調句式)(定語從句)

3)強調句型與主語從句的區別：強調句型中去掉Itbe…that后，句子仍然通順，意義也依然完整。而含主語從句的復合句中的it是指示代詞，后面多為系表結構或被動語態。如果去掉Itbe…that，句子就不通順了。如：主語從句：Itiscertainthatheishonest.強調句：Itwasonthestreetthat

Isawhim.=Isawhimonthestreet

Itwas5o’clockintheafternoon_______Igothome.

Itwasat5o’clock

intheafternoon_______Igothome.whenthat

4)強調句型與狀語從句的區別：(狀語從句)強調句型:去掉Itwas…that后,剩下“Igothomeat5o’clock

intheafternoon”句子仍然通順.四、強調句型的形近句型Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.ItisafactthatEnglishisveryimportant.ItisreportedthatEnglishisgettingmoreandmoreimportantnow.1)Itis/was+adj./n./過去分詞+that從句該句型中的It是形式主語，that引導的從句是真正的主語從句。如：Itistwomonthssincehefellill.他病了兩個月了。Itistwomonthssincehewasill.他病好已經兩個2)Itis/hasbeen+時間段+since從句如果since和延續性動詞連用，則意為“某人不做某事已有多久了”；如和短暫動詞連用，則為“某人做某事已有多久了”。如：3)Itwas/willbe+時間段+before從句表示“……多久后才...”。Itwasalongtimebeforetheymetagain.很長時間后他們才再次見面。Itwillbealongtimebeforetheymeetagain.要過很久后他們才會再見面。Itwas1949whenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.4）Itbe+時間點+when從句表示“某事發生時正是……時候”試比較強調句型句：Itwasin1949thatthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.(去掉it，was，that后仍是一個完整的句子)Wasitonalonelyisland______hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?where B.that C.whichD.what2.Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo______benefitsourworkmost.who B.which C.that D.what3.ItwasnotuntilIcamehere_____Irealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.A.who B.thatC.where