智能交通大數據來自何方，歸誰所有?Where

DoIntelligent

Traffic

DataComeFrom?

Whom

Do

They

All

Belong

to?第1頁2023年9月14日起，上海市開始進行第5次交通調查。上一次交通調查在2023年進行，至今已過去5年。FromSeptember14,2014,Shanghaicitystartedthe5thtrafficsurvey.LasttrafficsurveyinShanghaiwasconductedin2023.Sofar,ithasbeenpastfor5years.第2頁5年來，上海私人小汽車增加

了91%，軌道交通客運量增加了90%。公共交通與私人交通之間正在

進行一場博弈。Over

the

past

5

years,Shanghai's

private

cars

haveincreased

by

91%,

and

the

railtransit

passenger

volume

hasincreased

by

90%.

A

gamebetween

public

transport

andprivate

transport

is

underway.第3頁本次交通調查準備調查7.5萬家庭。若每個家庭平均人口以4人計算，將包括30萬人。Thistime,thetrafficinvestigationwillpreparetoinvestigateupto75,000homes.Iftheaveragepopulationperfamilyiscalculatedas4people,upto300,000peoplewouldbeinvolved.第4頁上海目前常住人口為2400萬人，也就是說，通過實際調查，我們可

以理解大約1/80上海市民交通行

為。At

present,

Shanghai

residentpopulation

have

24

millionpeople,

that

is

to

say,

throughthe

investigation,

we

can

learnthe

traffic

actions

of

about1/80

Shanghai

residents.第5頁在大數據和云計算時代，我們

能否做得更有效率？Can

we

do

more

efficiently

inthe

era

of

big

data

and

cloudcomputing

？第6頁上海共有400萬張交通卡，每天

大約能產生3200萬個數據，其中包括每張交通卡進出地鐵閘機時間與地

點，Thereare

atotalof4milliontrafficcardsinShanghai,and

eachdaytheycanproduceupto32milliondata,includingthetimeandlocationsof

everycard’sgettinginandoutofthesubwayturnstiles.第7頁據此可理解上海軌道交通客流途徑分布。Accordingtothisdata,thedistribution of ShanghaiRailTransitpassengerflowpaths could be learnedabout.第8頁上海大約有5萬輛出租汽車，根據GPS及測速裝置，就可理解道路交通客流分布、擁堵路段及其擁堵程度。Thereareabout50,000taxisinShanghai.AccordingtotheGPSandspeedmeasuringdevice,youcanlearnaboutthedistributionoftheroadtrafficpassengerflow,congestedroadsandcongestionlevels.第9頁據此可為汽車駕駛員提供實時指路服務，以最大程度地緩和擁堵。Thereal-timedirectionsservicescouldbeprovidedfordriversaccordingly,soastoeasethecongestiontothegreatestdegree.第10頁上海有2023多萬部智能手機，上海有4萬個基站，而交通調查時交通分區僅幾百個。Thereare20

millionsmartphonesinShanghai,andthereare40,000basestationsinShanghai.Thereareonlyhundredsoftrafficpartitionwhentrafficsurveywasdone.第11頁移動通信運行商不難獲取2000多萬人一天行動軌跡。Itisnotdifficultformobile communicationoperators to get theactionpathsofmorethan20 million people a day.第12頁這就產生了兩個問題：一是在

利用信息資源同步如何保護個人

隱私；二是這些信息資源如何利用。

This

creates

two

problems:

oneis

how

to

protect

your

personalprivacy

in

the

use

ofinformation

resources

and

theother

is

how

to

take

advantageof

these

information

resources.第13頁有國家做法是：由政府向運

營商買下這些數據后對研究人員開

放。Some

country’s

practice

isthat

the

government

buys

thedata

from

the

operators,

andthen

these

data

will

open

toresearchers.第14頁以日本東京為例，研究人員能夠在網上下載東京都2023多種交通小區OD數據。TakingTokyoofJapanasanexample,researcherscandownloadOD(Origin-Destination)dataofmorethan2023trafficneighborhoodsintheTokyoMetropolisontheInternet.第15頁為此，筆者提議:我國工信部在《大數據管理白皮書》基礎上，授權有關機構進行大數據如何被利用研究。To this end, the author proposesthatonthebasisof“TheWhitePaper on the Management of BigData”, the Ministry of Industryand Information Technology of ourcountry authorize the relevantagencies to carry out the researchon how the data is being used,第16頁并制定出對應管理制度與法律法規，讓這些珍貴信息資源充份被利用，以加快我國智慧都市以及智能化交通建設步伐。anddevelopappropriatemanagementsystems, laws and regulations so asto make