絎竴閮ㄥ垎銆€鑰冪爺鐪熼綺鵑€?/a>涓€銆佸崟欏歸€夋嫨棰?/a>1澶鉤澶╁浗榪愬姩鍚庯紝鍖哄埆浜庡叓鏃椼€佺豢钀ョ殑鍦版柟鍔垮姏鍦ㄥ悇鍦板礇璧鳳紙濡傛箻娣啗錛夛紝鎴愪負娓呮湞鐨勪富瑕佹瑁呭姏閲忥紝鍏舵棭鏈熺壒鑹叉槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?022騫寸爺]A錛庣洿鎺ュ惉鍛戒簬縐佷漢B錛庨噰鐢ㄨ繎浠ｈタ鏂瑰啗鍒?/p>C錛庡啗楗蜂緷璧栦簬涓ぎD錛庣杈栧湴鏂硅鏀挎潈鍔?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鏅氭竻鏃舵湡鐨勬箻娣啗絳夊湴鏂規瑁咃紝澶氭槸鎸夊湴鍩熶互灝佸緩瀹楁硶鍏崇郴緇寸郴璧鋒潵鐨勶紱浠ュ嫙鍏靛埗浠ｆ浛涓栧叺鍒訛紝寤虹珛涓ユ牸鐨勫皝寤轟釜浜洪毝灞炲叧緋伙紱寮鴻皟鍐涗簨璁粌涓庢€濇兂鎺у埗錛涙按闄嗗茍閲嶏紝鍙堣澶囦竴瀹氱殑鏂板紡姝﹀櫒錛屾垬鏂楀姏鏋佸己銆傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€堿銆?/p>21900騫?0鏈堜慨璁€婅嫳寰鋒壃瀛愬崗瀹氥€嬭瀹氾細灝嗕腑鍥戒箣姹熸渤鍙婃部嫻峰悇鍙ｅ哺鍚勫浗璐告槗鍙婂叾浠栨褰撶粡嫻庢椿鍔紝鑷敱寮€鏀撅紝姣棤宸埆錛屽茍鐭ヤ細鍚勫浗銆傝鍗忓畾錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?022騫寸爺]A錛庝嬌鍒楀己闂存枟浜夊姞鍓?/p>B錛庢秷寮簡涓浗鏈濋噹鐨勫弽鎶?/p>C錛庝笌緹庡鍗庢斂絳栬秼鍚?/p>D錛庡瀹氫簡鑻卞痙鍦ㄥ崕涓誨鍦頒綅銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>1900騫?鏈堝拰7鏈堬紝緹庡浗鍏堝悗涓ゆ鍚戝垪寮哄悇鍥芥彁鍑洪棬鎴峰紑鏀炬斂絳栥€?900騫?0鏈堬紝鑻便€佸痙絳捐浜嗐€婃壃瀛愬崗瀹氥€嬶紝瑙勫畾鈥滃皢涓浗涔嬫睙娌沖強娌挎搗鍚勫彛宀稿悇鍥借錘鏄撳強鍏朵粬鍚勭姝ｅ綋緇忔祹媧誨姩錛岃嚜鐢卞紑鏀鋸€濓紝涓ゅ浗鏀垮簻鈥滀笉寰楀埄鐢ㄧ幇鏃朵箣綰鋒壈鍦ㄤ腑鍥借幏寰椾換浣曢鍦熷埄鐩娾€濓紝騫墮€氱煡鏈夊叧鍚勫浗鏀垮簻錛岃姹傚畠浠篃鎵胯榪欎簺鍘熷垯錛屼縿銆佹棩銆佹硶銆佺編絳夊浗閮借繀閫熷仛鍑轟簡絳斿錛岃〃紺鴻禐鍚屽崗瀹氭墍瑙勫畾鐨勫師鍒欍€傝嚦姝わ紝鐢辯編鍥藉€″鐨勨€滈棬鎴峰紑鏀鋸€濇斂絳栫粓浜庢垚浜嗗悇鍥藉叡鍚屽鍗庣殑鍩烘湰綰查銆傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€塁銆?/p>3涓叡浜屽ぇ瀹ｈ█錛氣€滃姞緇欎腑鍥戒漢姘戯紝錛堟棤璁烘槸璧勪駭闃剁駭銆佸伐浜烘垨鍐滀漢錛夋渶澶х殑鐥涜嫤鐨勬槸璧勬湰甯濆浗涓諱箟鍜屽啗闃€瀹樺儦鐨勫皝寤哄娍鍔涒€濄€傚洜姝わ紝鍙嶅甯濆浗涓諱箟鍜屽皝寤哄娍鍔涚殑鈥滄皯涓諱富涔夌殑闈╁懡榪愬姩鏄瀬鏈夋剰涔夌殑鈥濄€備互姝や負渚濇嵁錛屽綋鏃朵腑鍏憋紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?022騫寸爺]A錛庡己璋冧簡姝﹁澶哄彇鐨勫繀瑕佹€?/p>B錛庢牴鎹浗鎯呯‘瀹氶潻鍛界粺涓€鎴樼嚎絳栫暐C錛庡厖鍒嗚瘑鍒緩璁劇ぞ浼氫富涔夌揣榪€?/p>D錛庡鏃跺害鍔垮埗瀹氬湡鍦伴潻鍛芥垬鐣ユ柟閽?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>銆婁腑鍏變簩澶у璦€銆嬫槸鍦?922騫?鏈堝厷鐨勪簩澶т笂璁ㄨ閫氳繃鐨勬渶閲嶈鐨勫巻鍙叉枃鐚箣涓€銆傘€婂璦€銆嬬瀛﹀湴鍒嗘瀽浜嗗浗鍐呭褰㈠娍錛屽埗瀹氫簡鍏氱殑鏄庣‘鐨勫弽甯濆弽灝佸緩鐨勬皯鏃忔皯涓婚潻鍛界翰棰嗭紝鎻愬嚭浜嗗厷鍦ㄧ洰鍓嶉樁孌電殑鏂椾簤鐩爣銆傗€滃悇縐嶄簨瀹炶瘉鏄庯紝鍔犵粰涓浗浜烘皯錛堟棤璁烘槸璧勪駭闃剁駭銆佸伐浜烘垨鍐滄皯錛夋渶澶х殑鐥涜嫤鐨勬槸璧勬湰甯濆浗涓諱箟鍜屽啗闃€瀹樺儦鐨勫皝寤哄娍鍔涳紝鍥犳鍙嶅閭ｄ袱縐嶅娍鍔涚殑姘戜富涓諱箟鐨勯潻鍛借繍鍔ㄦ槸鏋佹湁鎰忎箟鐨勶紝鍗沖洜姘戜富涓諱箟闈╁懡鎴愬姛錛屼究鍙緱鍒扮嫭绔嬪拰姣旇緝鐨勮嚜鐢便€傗€濄€婂璦€銆嬫寚鍑猴紝涓浗宸ヤ漢闃剁駭銆佸啘姘戦樁綰у拰璧勪駭闃剁駭搴旇仈鍚堣搗鏉ワ紝鍏卞悓寮€灞曞弽甯濆弽灝佸緩鐨勬皯鏃忔皯涓婚潻鍛借繍鍔ㄣ€傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€塀銆?/p>41940騫存瘺娉戒笢鐨勩€婃柊姘戜富涓諱箟璁恒€嬶細鈥滆€屾墍璋撴皯涓諱富涔夛紝鐜板湪宸蹭笉鏄棫鑼冪暣鐨勬皯涓諱富涔夛紝宸蹭笉鏄棫姘戜富涓諱箟錛岃€屾槸鏂拌寖鐣寸殑姘戜富涓諱箟錛岃€屾槸鏂版皯涓諱富涔夆€濄€傛瘺娉戒笢鍒掑垎姘戜富闈╁懡鐨勪袱涓樁孌典富瑕佷緷鎹槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?022騫寸爺]A錛庢棤浜ч樁綰ч潻鍛介瀵兼潈B錛庝腑鍥介潻鍛藉紑濮嬭瀺鍏ヤ笘鐣岄潻鍛?/p>C錛庡浗鍐呬富瑕佺煕鐩懼凡鍙戠敓杞彉D錛庡浗姘戦潻鍛藉熀鏈換鍔″凡瀹屾垚銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>榪戜唬涓浗鍗婃畺姘戝湴鍗婂皝寤虹ぞ浼氱殑鎬ц川鍜屼腑鍥介潻鍛界殑鍘嗗彶浠誨姟錛屽喅瀹氫簡涓浗闈╁懡鐨勬€ц川涓嶆槸鏃犱駭闃剁駭紺句細涓諱箟闈╁懡錛岃€屾槸璧勪駭闃剁駭姘戜富涓諱箟闈╁懡銆備絾鏄紝涓浗闈╁懡宸蹭笉鏄棫寮忕殑銆佷竴鑸殑璧勪駭闃剁駭姘戜富涓諱箟闈╁懡錛岃€屾槸鏂扮殑姘戜富涓諱箟闈╁懡銆傛柊姘戜富涓諱箟闈╁懡涓庢棫姘戜富涓諱箟闈╁懡鐨勫尯鍒湪浜庯細鈶?/span>鏃朵唬鑳屾櫙涓嶅悓錛屾柊姘戜富涓諱箟闈╁懡澶勪簬涓栫晫鏃犱駭闃剁駭紺句細涓諱箟闈╁懡鐨勬椂浠ｏ紝鏄笘鐣屾棤浜ч樁綰хぞ浼氫富涔夐潻鍛界殑涓€閮ㄥ垎銆?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>闈╁懡鐨勯瀵煎姏閲忎笉鍚岋紝鏂版皯涓諱富涔夐潻鍛界殑棰嗗鍔涢噺鏄腑鍥芥棤浜ч樁綰у強鍏跺厛閿嬮槦鈥斺€斾腑鍥藉叡浜у厷銆?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>闈╁懡鐨勬寚瀵兼€濇兂涓嶅悓錛屾柊姘戜富涓諱箟闈╁懡鐨勬寚瀵兼€濇兂鏄┈鍏嬫€濆垪瀹佷富涔夎€屼笉鏄笁姘戜富涔夈€?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>闈╁懡鐨勫墠閫斾笉鍚岋紝鏂版皯涓諱富涔夐潻鍛界殑鍓嶉€旀槸紺句細涓諱箟鑰屼笉鏄祫鏈富涔夈€傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€堿銆?/p>5銆婂ぉ鏈濈敯浜╁埗搴︺€嬪皢鍦熷湴鍒嗕負涔濈瓑錛屽ソ鐢般€佹鐢頒簰鐩告惌閰嶏紝鎸夋瘡瀹朵漢鍙ｅ灝戣繘琛屽垎閰嶏紱鍑?6宀佷互涓婄敺濂籌紝姣忎漢鐨嗗彲鍒嗗緱涓€浠芥暟閲忕浉鍚岀殑鍦熷湴錛?5宀佷互涓嬭€呭噺鍗娿€傘€婂ぉ鏈濈敯浜╁埗搴︺€嬶紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?021騫寸爺]A錛庡疄鐜頒簡鐢峰コ鍦頒綅鐨勫鉤絳?/p>B錛庡疄琛屽湡鍦扮鏈?/p>C錛庣獊鐮翠簡灝忓啘緇忔祹鐨勬潫緙?/p>D錛庤拷姹傜粷瀵瑰鉤鍧?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>1853騫村啲錛屽お騫沖ぉ鍥藉叕甯冦€婂ぉ鏈濈敯浜╁埗搴︺€嬶紝鏄お騫沖ぉ鍥界殑寤哄浗綰查銆傚畠紿佸嚭鍙嶆槧浜嗗啘姘戣姹傚簾闄ゅ皝寤哄湡鍦版墍鏈夊埗鐨勫己鐑堟効鏈涳紝鏄嚑鍗冨勾鏉ュ啘姘戝弽灝佸緩鏂椾簤鐨勭粨鏅躲€傚畠琛ㄨ揪浜嗙粷瀵瑰鉤鍧囦富涔夋€濇兂錛屾ⅵ鎯沖湪鍒嗘暎鐨勫皬鍐滅粡嫻庢牴搴曚笂瀹炶鍧囪傳瀵屻€傚畠鏃犳硶璋冨姩浜轟滑鐨勫姵鍔ㄧН鏋佹€э紝鍙槸絀烘兂錛屾牴鏈棤娉曞疄鐜般€傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€塂銆?/p>620涓栫邯20騫翠唬鍒濓紝鍏ㄥ浗澶у皬緗㈠伐杈?00澶氭錛屽弬鍔犵艦宸ョ殑浜烘暟杈?0澶氫竾錛屽艦鎴愪簡涓浗宸ヤ漢榪愬姩鐨勭涓€嬈￠珮娼€傝繖嬈￠珮娼殑鍑虹幇涓昏鐢變簬錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?021騫寸爺]A錛庝腑鍥藉叡浜у厷鐨勯瀵煎拰鎺ㄥ姩B錛庣涓€嬈″浗鍏卞悎浣滅殑姝ｅ紡寤虹珛C錛庡寳浼愭垬浜夌殑鑳滃埄榪涘啗D錛庡浗姘戝厷鈥滄壎鍔╁啘宸モ€濇斂絳栫殑鍒跺畾銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>涓浗鍏變駭鍏氭垚绔嬪悗錛屼粠涓ぎ鍒板湴鏂圭殑鍚勭駭緇勭粐閮戒互涓昏綺懼姏浠庝簨宸ヤ漢榪愬姩銆傚湪鍏氱粍緇囩殑鍙戝姩鍜岄瀵間笅錛屼腑鍥藉伐浜洪樁綰х殑瑙夋偀寰堝揩寰楀埌鎻愰珮錛屽伐浜鴻繍鍔ㄥ紑濮嬪嚭鐜拌摤鍕冨叴璧風殑灞€闈€備粠1922騫?鏈堝埌1923騫?鏈堬紝涓浗鍏變駭鍏氶瀵肩殑宸ヤ漢榪愬姩褰㈡垚絎竴嬈￠珮娼紝鍓嶅悗鎸佺畫鏃墮棿杈?3涓湀涔嬩箙銆傚湪姝ゆ湡闂達紝鐖嗗彂鐨勭艦宸ユ枟浜夎揪100澶氭錛屽弬鍔犵艦宸ョ殑宸ヤ漢杈?0涓囦互涓娿€傚叾涓ぇ閮ㄥ垎鏄厷緇勭粐鎴栧厷棰嗗鐨勫伐浼氱粍緇囩洿鎺ュ彂鍔ㄧ殑銆傚伐浜鴻繍鍔ㄧ殑榪呯寷鍙戝睍錛岄敾鐐間簡宸ヤ漢闃剁駭闃熶紞錛屽琺鍥轟簡鍏氱殑闃剁駭鍩虹錛屾墿澶т簡涓浗鍏變駭鍏氬拰宸ヤ漢闃剁駭鍦ㄥ叏鍥界殑鏀挎不褰卞搷銆傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€堿銆?/p>71926騫?鏈堬紝鍥芥皯鍏氫簩灞婁簩涓叏浼氭彁鍑猴細鍏變駭鍏氬簲灝嗗姞鍏ュ浗姘戝厷鐨勫厷鍛樺悕鍐屼氦鐢卞浗姘戝厷涓ぎ鎵ц濮斿憳浼氫富甯繚瀛橈紱鍔犲叆鍥芥皯鍏氱殑鍏變駭鍏氬厷鍛樺湪鍥芥皯鍏氱殑楂樼駭鍏氶儴浠繪墽琛屽鍛樹漢鏁幫紝涓嶅緱瓚呰繃涓夊垎涔嬩竴銆傝繖琛ㄦ槑錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?021騫寸爺]A錛庡浗姘戝厷宸︽淳鍔涢噺鐨勫寮?/p>B錛庡浗姘戦潻鍛借繍鍔ㄥけ璐?/p>C錛庨潻鍛界粺涓€鎴樼嚎鍒嗗寲鍔犲墽D錛庡浗姘戝厷瀹炶鈥滄竻鍏氣€?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>1926騫?鏈堬紝涓浗鍥芥皯鍏氫簩灞婁簩涓叏浼氶€氳繃钂嬩粙鐭熾€佽礙寤墮椏絳変節浜鴻仈鍚嶅悜鍏ㄤ細鎻愬嚭鎺掓枼鍏變駭鍏氱殑銆婃暣鐞嗗厷鍔℃銆嬶紝鎰忓浘鍦ㄤ簬鎶婂叡浜у厷浜烘帓鎸ゅ嚭涓浗鍥芥皯鍏氫腑澶瀵兼満鍏籌紝鎵撳嚮涓浗鍥芥皯鍏氬乏媧撅紝澶哄彇涓浗鍥芥皯鍏氭渶楂橀瀵兼潈銆傝拫浠嬬煶鍦ㄧ偖鍒跺嚭榪欎釜闄愬埗鍏變駭鍏氭椿鍔ㄧ殑鎻愭鍓嶅彇寰椾簡椴嶇綏寤風殑鍚屾剰銆備富瑕佸唴瀹規槸錛氶檺鍒跺叡浜у厷鍛樺湪涓浗鍥芥皯鍏氶珮綰у厷閮ㄤ換鎵ц濮斿憳鐨勪漢鏁幫紝涓嶅緱瓚呰繃鍚勮鍏氶儴鍏ㄤ綋鎵ц濮斿憳鐨勪笁鍒嗕箣涓€錛涘叡浜у厷鍛樹笉鑳芥媴浠諱腑鍥藉浗姘戝厷涓ぎ鍚勯儴閮ㄩ暱錛涘姞鍏ヤ腑鍥藉浗姘戝厷鐨勫叡浜у厷鍛樺悕鍗曢』鍏ㄩ儴浜ゅ嚭錛岀瓑絳夈€傛寚瀵間腑鍏卞厷鍥㈢殑寮犲浗鐒樻牴鎹矋緗楀環鐨勬剰瑙侊紝瑕佸ぇ瀹舵帴鍙楋紝浣褲€婃暣鐞嗗厷鍔℃銆嬪緱浠ラ『鍒╅€氳繃銆備簬鏄紝鎷呬換鍥芥皯鍏氫腑澶儴闀垮拰浠ｇ悊閮ㄩ暱鐨勫叡浜у厷鍛樿礙騫沖北銆佹灄紲栨兜銆佹瘺娉戒笢絳夊彧寰楄緸鑱屻€傝拫浠嬬煶褰撲笂鍥芥皯鍏氫腑澶粍緇囬儴閮ㄩ暱鍏煎啗浜洪儴閮ㄩ暱錛岄殢鍚庡張褰撲笂鍥芥皯鍏氫腑澶父鍔″鍛樹細涓誨腑鍜屽浗姘戦潻鍛藉啗鎬誨徃浠ゃ€傝浜嬩歡鏄潻鍛界粺涓€鎴樼嚎鍒嗗寲鍔犲墽鐨勯噸瑕佹爣蹇椼€傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€塁銆?/p>8媧粊鐜曠殑銆婅祫鏀挎柊綃囥€嬪湪鏌愪簺鏂歸潰瓚呭嚭浜嗗綋鏃朵腑鍥戒漢鐨勮鐭ユ按騫籌紝榪欎富瑕佷綋鐜板湪錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?019騫寸爺]A錛庢彁鍑轟簡瀛︿範瑗挎柟鐨勬暣浣撴柟妗?/p>B錛庡叕寮€鍙嶅涓ぎ闆嗘潈涓撳埗鍒跺害C錛庝赴瀵屼簡銆婂ぉ鏈濈敯浜╁埗搴︺€嬬殑涓諱綋鍐呭D錛庨槓榪頒簡鈥滀腑瀛︿負浣擄紝瑗垮涓虹敤鈥濇€濇兂銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>銆婅祫鏀挎柊綃囥€嬫槸涓浗榪戜唬絎竴涓瘮杈冨畬鏁寸殑璧勬湰涓諱箟寤鴻鏂規銆傚湪鏀挎不涓婏紝涓誨紶鈥滀互娉曟不鍥解€濓紝鍙嶅鈥滅粨鍏氳仈鐩熲€濓紝閽堝褰撴椂瀛樺湪鍒嗘暎銆佺蹇冪殑鍊懼悜錛屽己璋冨姞寮轟腑澶泦鏉冦€傚湪緇忔祹涓婏紝涓誨紶寮€璁鵑摱琛岋紝榧撳姳縐佷漢鎶曡祫錛屽彂琛岀焊甯佺瓑銆傘€婅祫鏀挎柊綃囥€嬪茍鏈В鍐沖湡鍦伴棶棰橈紝涓庛€婂ぉ鏈濈敯浜╁埗搴︺€嬫病鏈変換浣曟笂婧愬叧緋匯€傗€滀腑瀛︿負浣擄紝瑗垮涓虹敤鈥濈殑鎬濇兂涓哄紶涔嬫礊銆婂姖瀛︾瘒銆嬫墍鎻愬嚭銆傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€堿銆?/p>9娓呮斂搴滆榪璁撫鏉冭頸鍥界殑銆婅緵涓戞潯綰︺€嬪悗錛屽交搴曟撥涓衡€滄磱浜虹殑鏈濆環鈥濄€傛渶鑳藉嵃璇佽繖涓€璇存硶鐨勬槸錛屾竻鏀垮簻錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?019騫寸爺]A錛庡厑璁稿鍥戒紶鏁欏＋鍦ㄤ腑鍥借嚜鐢變紶鏁?/p>B錛庣粰浜堝弬涓庢垬浜夌殑鍚勫浗鈥滄渶鎯犲浗寰呴亣鈥?/p>C錛庡厑璁告緹庡悇鍥藉晢浜哄湪鍗庡紑鐭胯鍘?/p>D錛庢湁鈥滀箟鍔♀€濋晣鍘嬩漢姘戝弽鎶楀鍥戒鏡鐣?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>銆婅緵涓戞潯綰︺€嬬殑鍐呭鏈夛細鈶?/span>涓浗鍚戝悇鍥借禂嬈劇櫧閾跺洓浜夸簲鍗冧竾涓ゃ€備互鍏崇◣銆佺洂紼庡拰甯稿叧紼庝負鎷呬繚錛屽垎涓夊崄涔濆勾榪樻竻錛屽勾鎭洓鍘樸€?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>灝嗕笢浜ゆ皯宸峰垝涓轟嬌棣嗗尯錛屽悇鍥藉彲浠ュ湪鐣屽唴椹誨叺錛屽崕浜轟竴寰嬩笉鍑嗗湪鍐呭眳浣忋€?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>澶ф步鐐彴鍙婁粠鍖椾含鍒板ぇ娌芥部璺殑鐐彴鈥滀竴寰嬪墛騫斥€濓紝浠庡寳浜埌灞辨搗鍏崇殑鍗佷簩涓垬鐣ヨ鍦幫紝鍑嗗悇鍥介┗鍏點€?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>鎯╁姙鍦ㄤ箟鍜屽洟榪愬姩涓拰甯濆浗涓諱箟浣滃鐨勫畼鍚忋€傛案榪滅姝腑鍥戒漢鎴愮珛鎴栧姞鍏ュ弽甯濇€ц川鐨勫悇縐嶇粍緇囷紝榪濊€呭姝匯€傚湴鏂圭杈栧尯鍐呭鍙戠敓姝ょ被浜嬩歡錛屽繀欏葷珛鍗抽晣鍘嬶紝鍚﹀垯鍦版柟瀹橀潻鑱岋紝姘鎬笉鍙欑敤銆?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>鏀規€葷悊鍚勫浗浜嬪姟琛欓棬涓哄鍔￠儴錛屽垪鍏儴涔嬮銆備粎D欏逛負銆婅緵涓戞潯綰︺€嬪唴瀹廣€?/p>10浜斿洓榪愬姩鐖嗗彂鍚庯紝鍥藉唴寰堝揩鍑虹幇浜蹭縿鈥滅媯椋欌€濆拰瀹ｄ紶紺句細涓諱箟鐨勬氮娼紝鐮旂┒緋誨拰鍥芥皯鍏氫漢鐨勪竴浜涘垔鐗╀篃縐瀬瀹ｄ紶紺句細涓諱箟銆傚紩鍙戣繖涓€鐜拌薄鐨勭洿鎺ュ師鍥犳槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?019騫寸爺]A錛庤嫃淇勫彂琛ㄣ€婂鍗庡璦€銆?/p>B錛庡反榛庡拰浼氱殑鍙紑C錛庡浗鍐呭伐浜鴻繍鍔ㄧ殑鍏磋搗D錛庨┈鍏嬫€濅富涔夊皬緇勫緩绔?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>浜斿洓榪愬姩淇冭繘浜嗛┈鍏嬫€濅富涔夊湪涓浗鐨勪紶鎾強鍏朵笌涓浗宸ヤ漢榪愬姩鐨勭粨鍚堬紝浠庢涓浗鐨勬棤浜ч樁綰х櫥涓婂巻鍙茶垶鍙幫紝鍥藉唴宸ヤ漢榪愬姩鐨勫叴璧峰紩璧蜂簡紺句細鍚勯樁灞傛櫘閬嶇殑鍏蟲敞錛屼嬌浜轟滑瀵逛簬紺句細涓諱箟鏈変簡涓€瀹氳璇嗐€?/p>111947騫存槬錛屽浗姘戝厷鍐涢槦鍥犲叏闈㈣繘鏀昏В鏀懼尯鍙楁尗鑰屽疄琛屾墍璋撯€滈噸鐐硅繘鏀燴€濇垬鐣ワ紝闆嗕腑鍏靛姏榪涙敾錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?019騫寸爺]A錛庝笢鍖椼€侀檿鍖楄В鏀懼尯B錛庝笢鍖椼€佹檵瀵熷唨瑙ｆ斁鍖?/p>C錛庡北涓溿€侀檿鍖楄В鏀懼尯D錛庡北涓溿€佹檵瀵熷唨瑙ｆ斁鍖?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>1947騫?鏈堬紝涓浗浜烘皯瑙ｆ斁鍐涚矇紕庝簡鍥芥皯鍏氬啗闃熺殑鍏ㄩ潰榪涙敾錛岃拫浠嬬煶琚揩鏀光€滃叏闈㈣繘鏀燴€濅負鈥滈噸鐐硅繘鏀燴€濓紝灝嗗北涓溿€侀檿鍖楄В鏀懼尯浣滀負閲嶇偣榪涙敾鍖恒€傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€塁銆?/p>12鏋楀垯寰愪富鎸佺紪璇戠殑銆婂洓媧插織銆嬶紝浠嬬粛浜嗕笘鐣屽悇鍥界殑鍘嗗彶銆佸湴鐞嗐€傞甫鐗囨垬浜夊悗錛屼富瑕佷互銆婂洓媧插織銆嬩負鍩虹鎴愪功鐨勯噸瑕佽憲浣滄槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]A錛庛€婃搗鍥藉浘蹇椼€?/p>B錛庛€婄€涘蹇楃暐銆?/p>C錛庛€婁腑瑗跨邯浜嬨€?/p>D錛庛€婂悇鍥藉彶鐣ャ€?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>銆婃搗鍥藉浘蹇椼€嬫槸涓€閮ㄤ粙緇嶈タ鏂瑰浗瀹剁殑縐戝鎶€鏈拰涓栫晫鍦扮悊鍘嗗彶鐭ヨ瘑鐨勭患鍚堟€у浘涔︺€備綔鑰呮槸欖忔簮銆傞櫎浜嗕互銆婂洓媧插織銆嬩負鍩虹澶栵紝鍏堝悗寰佸紩浜嗗巻浠ｅ彶蹇?4縐嶏紝涓鍙や粖鍚勫钁楄堪70澶氱錛屽彟澶栵紝榪樻湁鍚勭濂忔姌鍗佸浠跺拰涓€浜涗翰鑷簡瑙ｇ殑鏉愭枡銆傚叏涔﹁緇嗗彊榪頒簡涓栫晫鍚勫湴鍜屽悇鍥藉巻鍙叉斂娌匯€侀鍦熶漢鎯咃紝涓誨紶瀛︿範瑗挎柟鍥藉鐨勭瀛︽妧鏈紝鎻愬嚭鈥滃笀澶烽暱鎶€浠ュ埗澶封€濈殑涓績鎬濇兂錛屾槸涓€閮ㄥ叿鏈夊垝鏃朵唬鎰忎箟鐨勫法钁椼€?/p>13鍦ㄦ櫄娓咃紝鏁頒互鐧句竾璁＄殑涓浗浜鴻嬈洪獥銆佹嫄鍗栬嚦嫻峰錛屼粠浜嬪ゴ闅惰埇鐨勫姵鍔ㄣ€備嬌瑗挎柟鍥藉鈥滄嫑鍕熲€濆崕宸ュ嚭鍥藉悎娉曞寲鐨勪笉騫崇瓑鏉＄害鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]A錛庝腑鑻便€婂崡浜潯綰︺€?/p>B錛庝腑鑻便€佷腑娉曘€婂ぉ媧ユ潯綰︺€?/p>C錛庝腑鑻便€婇€氬晢绔犵▼鍠勫悗鏉＄害銆?/p>D錛庝腑鑻便€佷腑娉曘€婂寳浜潯綰︺€?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>16锝?7涓栫邯錛岃タ鏂規畺姘戜富涔夎€呯浉緇т鏡鍏ヤ笢鍗椾簹銆備粬浠負鐙崰涓滃崡浜氾紝涓嶅厑璁稿崕浜轟粠浜嬬嫭绔嬬殑緇忓晢媧誨姩錛岃揩浣垮崕浜哄彧鑳藉厖褰撲腑浠嬪晢鍜屽紑鍙戝叾孌栨皯鍦扮殑鍔沖伐銆傞殢鐫€孌栨皯鍦扮殑涓嶆柇寮€鍙戯紝鍘誨崡媧嬬殑鍗庡伐鏃ョ泭澧炲銆?860騫磋嫳娉曡仈鍐涙敾闄峰寳浜悗鍚屾竻鏀垮簻絳捐銆婂寳浜潯綰︺€嬶紝寮轟嬌娓呮斂搴溾€滃悓鎰忊€濆崕浜鴻嚜鎰垮嚭媧嬪仛宸ャ€備粠1860騫村埌娓呮湯錛岃嫳銆佹硶銆佽タ銆佺編銆佺銆佽嵎銆佸痙絳夊浗閮芥浘鍏堝悗鍚屼腑鍥芥斂搴滅璁㈡嫑宸ョ珷紼嬨€佹潯綰︼紝鍋団€滃悎娉曗€濇嫑宸ヤ箣鍚嶏紝琛屸€滃悎娉曗€濇幊鎺犱箣瀹炪€?/p>14涓浗榪戜唬瀵圭敳楠ㄥ鐮旂┒鍋氬嚭鍗撹秺璐＄尞錛岃瀛︾晫瑾変負鈥滅敳楠ㄥ洓鍫傗€濈殑鍥涗綅瀛﹁€呮槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]A錛庡瓩璇掕銆佺綏鎸帀銆侀檲鍨ｃ€侀【棰夊垰B錛庣綏鎸帀銆佺帇鍥界淮銆佽懀浣滃銆侀儹娌嫢C錛庣帇鎳胯崳銆侀檲瀵呮仾銆佺帇鍥界淮銆侀儹娌嫢D錛庡惔鍏舵槍銆佽懀浣滃銆侀檲瀵呮仾銆侀檲鍨?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鐢查鍥涘爞鏄寚涓浗榪戜唬鍥涗綅鐮旂┒鐢查鏂囩殑钁楀悕瀛﹁€咃細緗楁尟鐜夛紙鍙烽洩鍫傦級銆佺帇鍥界淮錛堝彿瑙傚爞錛夈€侀儹娌嫢錛堝瓧榧庡爞錛夈€佽懀浣滃錛堝瓧褰﹀爞錛夈€傝憲鍚嶅鑰呴檲瀛愬睍鏁欐巿鍦ㄨ瘎浠鋒棭鏈熺殑鐢查瀛﹀鐨勬椂鍊欏啓涓嬧€滅敳楠ㄥ洓鍫傦紝閮懀緗楃帇鈥濈殑鍚嶅彞錛岃繖涓€姒傛嫭宸蹭負瀛︾晫鎵€騫挎硾鎺ュ彈銆傚攼鍏版浘璇勪環浠栦滑鐨勬澧熷崪杈炵爺絀垛€滆嚜闆爞瀵煎か鍏堣礬錛岃鍫傜戶浠ヨ€冨彶錛屽濺鍫傚尯鍏舵椂浠ｏ紝榧庡爞鍙戝叾杈炰緥錛屽浐宸叉瀬涓€鏃朵箣鐩涒€濄€?/p>15浜斿洓榪愬姩鍚庯紝椹厠鎬濅富涔夊湪涓浗騫挎硾浼犳挱銆?920騫村湪涓婃搗鍑虹増浜嗘渶鏃╃殑銆婂叡浜у厷瀹ｈ█銆嬩腑鏂囧叏璇戞湰錛岃瘧鑰呮槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]A錛庨檲鐙B錛庢潕澶ч拪C錛庢潹鍖忓畨D錛庨檲鏈涢亾銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>銆婂叡浜у厷瀹ｈ█銆嬫槸椹厠鎬濆拰鎭╂牸鏂負鍏變駭涓諱箟鑰呭悓鐩熻搗鑽夌殑綰查錛屾槸椹厠鎬濅富涔夎癁鐢熺殑閲嶈鏍囧織銆?920騫?鏈堬紝涓婃搗鐨勭ぞ浼氫富涔夌爺絀剁ぞ鍑虹増浜嗛檲鏈涢亾鏍規嵁鏃ユ枃鏈茍涓斿弬鐓ц嫳鏂囨湰緲昏瘧鐨勩€婂叡浜у厷瀹ｈ█銆嬪叏璇戞湰錛屼袱涓湀涔嬪唴灝卞嵃鍒蜂袱嬈★紝榪呭嵆鑴遍攢銆傞殢鍚庡嬈＄炕鍗幫紝騫夸負嫻佷紶錛屼績榪涗簡椹厠鎬濅富涔夊湪涓浗鐨勪紶鎾拰涓浗鍏變駭鍏氱殑璇炵敓銆?/p>16鏅亶瑁呭媧嬫灙媧嬬偖鐨勬竻鏈濆啗闃熷紑濮嬪嚭鐜板湪錛堛€€銆€錛?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庣涓€楦︾墖鎴樹簤鏈熼棿B錛庡お騫沖ぉ鍥芥垬浜夋湡闂?/p>C錛庝腑娉曟垬浜夋湡闂?/p>D錛庣敳鍗堜腑鏃ユ垬浜夋湡闂?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>絎簩嬈￠甫鐗囨垬浜夌粨鏉熷悗錛屾竻鏀垮簻寰椾互鑵懼嚭鎵嬫潵闀囧帇澶鉤澶╁浗銆傘€婂寳浜潯綰︺€嬪垰涓€絳懼瓧錛岃嫳銆佹硶銆佷縿絳夊叕浣垮氨绔嬪嵆琛ㄧず錛屽彧瑕佹竻鏀垮簻璁ょ湡鈥滃飽琛屾潯綰︹€濓紝灝卞彲浠ュ緱鍒扳€滀換浣曟彺鍔┾€濄€?861騫?鏈堬紝娓呮斂搴滆绔嬫€葷悊鍚勫浗浜嬪姟琛欓棬銆?862騫?鏈堬紝娓呮斂搴滃澶鉤澶╁浗浜嬩歡紜珛浜嗏€滃€熷笀鍔╁壙鈥濈殑鏂歸拡錛屽紩鐢ㄥ鍥藉啗闃熸潵甯姪鍏墮晣鍘嬪唴涔憋紝鑷娓呭啗寮€濮嬫櫘閬嶉厤澶囨磱鏋磱鐐€?/p>17涓嬪垪鏂囩尞涓紝棣栨鎻愬嚭浜嗗緩绔嬧€滀腑鍗庡叡鍜屽浗鈥濈殑鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庛€婂叴涓細瀹ｈ█銆?/p>B錛庛€婅涓栭挓銆?/p>C錛庛€婇潻鍛藉啗銆?/p>D錛庛€婁腑鍥藉悓鐩熶細闈╁懡鏂圭暐銆?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>閭瑰鐨勩€婇潻鍛藉啗銆嬩互瑗挎柟璧勪駭闃剁駭闈╁懡鐞嗚涓轟富瑕佹鍣紝浠庢闈㈤槓榪伴潻鍛界殑姝ｄ箟鎬у拰蹇呰鎬э紝瀹ｄ紶闈╁懡鎺掓弧鍜屾皯涓誨叡鍜屾槸鍏朵富鏃嬪緥錛岃瑾変負鈥滀腑鍥借繎浠ｇ殑銆婁漢鏉冨璦€銆嬧€濄€傝繖綃囨枃绔犵殑鏀挎不鑹插僵鏋佷負椴滄槑錛屽瘜鏈夋垬浜夌簿紲烇紱浣滆€呭湪鏂囦腑鍙峰彫浜轟滑璧鋒潵鎺ㄧ炕娓呮斂搴滐紝寤虹珛鈥滀腑鍗庡叡鍜屽浗鈥濓紝璦€杈炴縺鐑堛€傚湪瀹ｄ紶闈╁懡銆佹暀鑲茬兢浼楁柟闈㈡瀬瀵岄紦鍔ㄦ€с€?/p>18琚佷笘鍑箣鍚庯紝渚濇緇т換涓崕姘戝浗澶ф€葷粺鐨勬槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庨粠鍏冩椽銆佸啹鍥界拫銆佹紲虹憺銆佸緪涓栨槍銆佹浌閿?/p>B錛庢紲虹憺銆侀粠鍏冩椽銆佸啹鍥界拫銆佹浌閿熴€佸緪涓栨槍C錛庨粠鍏冩椽銆佸啹鍥界拫銆侀粠鍏冩椽銆佹浌閿熴€佸緪涓栨槍D錛庨粠鍏冩椽銆佸啹鍥界拫銆佸緪涓栨槍銆侀粠鍏冩椽銆佹浌閿?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>涓崕姘戝浗澶ф€葷粺鏄?911騫?2鏈堬綖1928騫村寳媧嬫斂搴滄椂鏈熶腑鍥藉浗瀹跺厓棣栫殑縐板懠銆傞浠諱復鏃跺ぇ鎬葷粺涓哄瓩鏂囷紝琚佷笘鍑湪1913騫?0鏈?0鏃ュ綋閫変負姝ｅ紡絎竴浠誨ぇ鎬葷粺錛屽叾鍚庝緷嬈℃槸錛氶粠鍏冩椽錛?916騫?鏈?鏃ワ綖1917騫?鏈?鏃ワ級銆佸啹鍥界拫錛?917騫?鏈?鏃ワ綖1918騫?0鏈?0鏃ワ級銆佸緪涓栨槍錛?918騫?0鏈?0鏃ワ綖1922騫?鏈?鏃ワ級銆佹浌閿燂紙1923騫?0鏈?0鏃ワ綖1924騫?1鏈?鏃ワ級錛屽叾涓?922騫?鏈?2鏃ラ粠鍏冩椽澶嶄換澶ф€葷粺銆?/p>1920涓栫邯20騫翠唬錛屼腑鍥藉叡浜у厷姝ｅ紡紜珛鍥藉叡鍚堜綔鐨勬柟閽堟槸鍦紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庝腑鍏變竴澶?/p>B錛庝腑鍏變簩澶?/p>C錛庝腑鍏變笁澶?/p>D錛庝腑鍏卞洓澶?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>涓浗鍏變駭鍏氱涓夋鍏ㄥ浗浠ｈ〃澶т細浜?923騫?鏈?2鏃ヨ嚦20鏃ュ湪騫垮窞鍙紑錛岄檲鐙涓繪寔浼氳騫朵唬琛ㄧ浜屽眾涓ぎ鎵ц濮斿憳浼氬仛鎶ュ憡銆傚厷鐨勪笁澶ф墍紜畾鐨勫緩绔嬪浗鍏卞悎浣滈潻鍛界粺涓€鎴樼嚎鐨勭瓥鐣ワ紝淇冭繘浜嗙涓€嬈″浗鍏卞悎浣滅殑瀹炵幇錛屼嬌鍏變駭鍏氭椿鍔ㄧ殑鏀挎不鑸炲彴榪呴€熸墿澶э紝鍔犻€熶簡涓浗闈╁懡鐨勬浼愶紝涓烘嘗婢滃．闃旂殑絎竴嬈″ぇ闈╁懡鍋氫簡鍑嗗銆?/p>20鏍規嵁嫻峰叧緇熻錛?867锝?884騫達紝鍗犱腑鍥借繘鍙ｅ晢鍝佸€奸浣嶇殑澶栧浗鍟嗗搧鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?016騫寸爺]A錛庨甫鐗?/p>B錛庢磱甯?/p>C錛庢綰?/p>D錛庣叅娌?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>楦︾墖鏄?9涓栫邯澶栧浗渚電暐鍔垮姏鍚戜腑鍥借緭鍏ョ殑鏈€澶у畻鍟嗗搧錛屼腑鑻遍甫鐗囨垬浜夊悗錛屽鍗庨甫鐗囪緭鍏ョ粡鍘嗕竴涓厛澧炲悗鍑忕殑闃舵錛屾渶緇堣蛋鍚戠粓緇撱€?842锝?849騫達紝姣忓勾騫沖潎榪涘彛涓変竾涓夊崈綆便€?855锝?859騫達紝姣忓勾騫沖潎鍏竾鍥涘崈浣欑錛屽埌1879騫村氨澧炲埌鍗佷竾澶氭媴銆?885騫村墠鍗犱腑鍥借繘鍙ｅ晢鍝佺殑絎竴浣嶃€?/p>21涓嬮潰鍚勭粍鎶ュ垔涓紝鍏ㄩ儴鐢遍潻鍛藉厷浜哄垱鍔炵殑鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?016騫寸爺]A錛庛€婄煡鏂版姤銆嬨€婁腑鍥芥棩鎶ャ€嬨€婃皯绔嬫姤銆?/p>B錛庛€婄敵鎶ャ€嬨€婃皯鎶ャ€嬨€婃皯绔嬫姤銆?/p>C錛庛€婄煡鏂版姤銆嬨€婃皯鎶ャ€嬨€婃椂鎶ャ€?/p>D錛庛€婁腑鍥芥棩鎶ャ€嬨€婁簩鍗佷笘綰箣鏀偅銆嬨€婃皯绔嬫姤銆?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>銆婁腑鍥芥棩鎶ャ€嬪嵆銆婃皯鍥芥棩鎶ャ€嬶紝1916騫?鏈?2鏃ュ湪涓婃搗鍒涘垔錛岃鎶ユ槸涓崕闈╁懡鍏氬湪鍥藉唴鐨勪富瑕佽█璁洪樀鍦幫紱銆婁簩鍗佷笘綰箣鏀偅銆嬬敱瀹嬫暀浠併€侀粍鍏翠簬1905騫村湪涓滀含鍒涘姙錛岀浜屾湡鍥犺澆鏈夈€婃棩鏈斂瀹箣緇忚惀涓浗璋堛€嬬瓑鏂囷紝灝氭湭鍙戣鍗抽伃鏃ユ湰鏀垮簻娌℃敹錛屾潅蹇楄鏌ュ皝錛屽悓鐩熶細鎴愮珛鍚庯紝鍦ㄥ畠鐨勫熀紜€涓婂垱鍔炪€婃皯鎶ャ€嬶紝鎴愪負鍚岀洘浼氱殑鏈哄叧鎶ワ紱銆婃皯绔嬫姤銆嬩簬1910騫?0鏈?1鏃ュ湪涓婃搗鍒涘垔錛屾槸娓呮湯姘戝垵璧勪駭闃剁駭闈╁懡媧劇殑鎶ョ焊銆?/p>22絎竴嬈￠甫鐗囨垬浜夋湡闂達紝鑻卞啗浼や骸浜烘暟鏈€澶氱殑鎴樺焦鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?016騫寸爺]A錛庤檸闂ㄤ箣鎴?/p>B錛庨晣姹熶箣鎴?/p>C錛庝箥嫻︿箣鎴?/p>D錛庡箍宸炰箣鎴?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>闀囨睙涔嬫垬鏄涓€嬈￠甫鐗囨垬浜変腑娓呭啗鍜岃嫳鍐涚殑鎴樻枟銆?842騫磋嫳鍥戒鏡鐣ュ啗鍙戝姩浜嗘壃瀛愭睙鎴樺焦錛屾敾闄峰惔娣炵偖鍙板悗錛屼簬6鏈堟函嫻佽€