公路工程笞理與實(shí)務(wù)Evaluationonly.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL橋梁的組成●上部結(jié)構(gòu)(橋跨部分)下部結(jié)構(gòu)(橋墩和橋臺(tái))Evaluationonly.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL凈跨徑總跨徑計(jì)算跨徑橋梁全橋梁高度橋下凈空高度建筑高度凈矢高計(jì)算矢矢跨比Evaluationonly.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL橋梁的分類橋梁的基本體系:梁式橋:梁體承重拱式橋:拱圈和拱肋承重吊橋:纜索承重組合體系橋Evaluationonly.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL橋梁的分類按全長(zhǎng)和跨徑:特搭橋,大橋,中橋,小橋按承重材料圬工橋,鋼筋混凝土橋預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土橋,鋼橋和木橋按跨越障礙的性質(zhì):跨河橋,跨線橋,髙架橋和棧橋1按上部結(jié)構(gòu)的行車道位置:上承式橋,中承式橋和下承式橋Evaluationonly.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL橋梁基礎(chǔ)橋梁基礎(chǔ):剛性基礎(chǔ)樁基礎(chǔ)(沉入樁和灌注樁)管柱沉井地下連續(xù)墻Evaluationonly.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL橋梁基礎(chǔ)適用條件●剛性基礎(chǔ):適用于各類土層●樁基礎(chǔ):■沉樁:錘擊沉樁法:適用于松散、中密砂石、粘性土振動(dòng)沉樁法砂土,硬塑及軟塑的黏性土和中密及較松的碎石土射水沉樁法:密實(shí)砂土,碎石土的土層靜力沉樁法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貫入度N<20的軟黏土Evaluationonly.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL橋梁基礎(chǔ)適用條件:灌注樁鈷孔灌注樁:黏性土砂土礫卵有碎石巖石等挖孔灌注樁:無(wú)地下水或少量地下水,且較密實(shí)的土層或風(fēng)化巖層柱各種土質(zhì)的基底,尤其是在深水、巖面不平無(wú)覆蓋層或覆蓋層很厚的自然條件下,不宜修建其一他類型基礎(chǔ)時(shí)沉井各種土質(zhì)的基底,在深水、無(wú)覆蓋層或覆蓋層很厚的自然不宜修建其他類型基礎(chǔ)時(shí)●地下連續(xù)培Evaluationonly.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL橋梁下部結(jié)構(gòu)下部結(jié)構(gòu)分類重力式橋墩重力式橋臺(tái)輕型橋墩輕型橋臺(tái)Evaluationonly.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL橋梁下部結(jié)構(gòu)適用條件(1)重力式橋墩、臺(tái):靠自身重量來(lái)平衡外力而保持其穩(wěn)定地基良好的大、中型橋梁,或流冰、漂浮物較多的河流中;優(yōu)點(diǎn):墩、臺(tái)比較厚實(shí),可以不用鋼筋;缺點(diǎn):圬工體積較大,自重和阻水面積較大,增加了對(duì)地基的要求Evaluationonly.chAsposeslidesforNET4o