DiversificationTechnology

▽DiversificationofMobility-AchievingGreaterFreedomofMobility

Morecomfortableandfreemobilityisimportanttoenrichpeople'sliveswithcars.Toyotaoperatesaroundtheworld,andtheneedsandvaluesofourcustomersdifferfromregiontoregionandgenerationtogeneration.Tomeettheseexpectations,wewanttoofferadiverseselectionofproductsandservices.

Asoneexample,wehavedevelopedaone-touchwheelchairfasteningdeviceforvehicles,utilizingtheknow-howwehaveaccumulatedthroughthedevelopmentofwelfarevehiclesovermanyyears.Wearealsoworkingtodiversifymobilitywiththe"JUU"electricwheelchair,whichoffersmorestress-freegettinginandoutofthevehicleandalsoallowsthewheelchairtotravelonunevensurfaces,suchasstairs.Thisexpandstherangeofactivitiesthatcanbeperformedinone'swheelchair,offeringfurtherfreedomofmobility.

1.One-touchwheelchairfasteningdevice

Wehavedevelopedasystemthatallowsanyonetoeasilyandfirmlysecureawheelchairtoavehiclewhichsupportsstress-freemovement.

Ifthistechnologyspreads,forexample,youcantakeyourowncarfromyourhometothebusstop,transfertoabustotheairport,andflytoyourdestination.Andevenstress-freetravelbycaborboatatthedestinationcanberealized.

Toachievethis,theautomobileandwheelchairindustriesareworkingtogethertocreatestandards.Inthefuture,wewillexpandthestandardnotonlytoautomobiles,butalsotoland,sea,air,andvariousotherformsofmobilitytorealizeevengreaterfreedomofmovement.

2.JUU(Electricwheelchair)

Mobilitythatcangoupanddownstairsandcontributestobarrier-freeaccessAbletoclimbupto160mmstepsanddriveoverunevenroads

Electricpowersteeringmotorisusedforthedrivemotortoachievebothhightorqueandsafety.

ListofNewlyReleasedTechnologies

◆ElectrifiedTechnologies

Batteries

▽InnovatingBatteries-SupportingToyota'sEvolutiontoNext-GenerationBEVsThebatteryistheheartofthebatteryEV(BEV).Justastheheartpumpsbloodthroughthebody,thebatterytransferselectricitytothevehicle.

AsToyotaadvancesitseffortstowardintroducingnext-generationBEVsin2026,thecompanyisalsoevolvingbatterieswithnewtechnologiestomeetcustomerexpectations.

Liquidlithium-ionbatteries,whicharecurrentlythemainstream,willgainenhancedperformancebyimprovingtheenergydensityofsquarebatteries,anareainwhichToyotahaslongexpertise.Inaddition,byadoptingthebipolarstructurethathasbeendevelopedforHEVstoBEVs,wewillexpandourlineuptoprovidecustomerswithavarietyofoptions,fromlow-cost,popularbatteriestobatteriesthatpursueevenhigherperformance.

Furthermore,all-solid-statebatteries,whicharehighlyanticipatedasinnovativebatteries,arefinallyenteringthepracticalapplicationphaseforuseinBEVs.OurfulllineupofcompetitivebatterieswillsupporttheevolutionofToyota'sBEVsinthefuture.*Theperformanceversionnext-generationbatteryisbeingdevelopedwithPrimePlanetEnergy&SolutionsCorporation,whilethepopularizationandhigh-performanceversionsofthenext-generationbatteriesandall-solid-statebatteryforBEVsarebeingdevelopedwithToyotaIndustriesCorporation,combiningtheknowledgeoftheToyotaGroup.

1.Next-generationbatteries:Performanceversion

Thenext-generationBEVtobeintroducedin2026willhaveacruisingrangeof1,000km*1.Wearedevelopingasquarebatterywithafocusonperformancetoinstallinsuchcars.

Whileincreasingtheenergydensityofthebattery,weaimtoincreasethecruisingrangebyimprovingvehicleefficiencies,suchasaerodynamicsandweightreduction,whileat

thesametimereducingcostsby20%comparedtothecurrentbZ4Xandachievingaquickchargetimeof20minutesorless(SOC=10-80%).

2.Next-generationbatteries:Popularizationversion

Toyotaisalsodevelopinggood,low-costbatteriesthatwillcontributetothespreadandexpansionofBEVstoprovidecustomerswithavarietyofchoicesinbatteries.Thebipolarstructurebattery,whichhasbeenusedintheAquaandCrownhybridvehicles,isnowbeingappliedtoBEVs.Thebatteryusesinexpensivelithiumironphosphate(LFP)asamaterialandisexpectedtobeputtopracticalusein2026-2027.

Weareaimingfora20%increaseincruisingrange,a40%reductionincost,andquickrechargingin30minutesorless(SOC=10-80%)comparedtothecurrentbZ4XandconsideringinstallingitinBEVsinthepopularpricerange.

3.Bipolarlithium-ionbattery:High-performanceversion

Inparallelwiththedevelopmentofthe“popularizationversion”ofthebattery(2),a

high-performancebatterythatcombinesabipolarstructurewithahighnickelcathodetoachievefurtheradvanceswillbeputtopracticalusein2027-2028.

Itwillachieveevengreaterperformancethanthe“performanceversion”ofthesquarebattery(1),witha10%increaseincruisingrange,a10%reductionincost,andaquickchargetimeof20minutesorless(SOC=10-80%).

4.All-solid-statebatteriesforBEVs

Havingdiscoveredatechnologicalbreakthroughthatovercomesthelongstandingchallengeofbatterydurability,thecompanyisreviewingitsintroductiontoconventionalHEVsandacceleratingdevelopmentasabatteryforBEVs,forwhichexpectationsarerising.

Wearecurrentlydevelopingamethodformassproduction,strivingforcommercializationin2027-2028.

Wearelookingata20%improvementincruisingrange*1comparedtotheperformanceversionofthesquarebatteryshownin1.,whilecostsareunderscrutiny,aimingforaquickchargetimeof10minutesorless(SOC=10-80%).

Also,withaneyetothefuture,ahigher-levelspecificationisunderresearchanddevelopmentatthesametime.Thisoneaimsfora50%improvementinthecruisingrangecomparedto1.

*1Includingvehicleefficiencyimprovementssuchasaerodynamicsandweightreduction

Aerodynamics

▽Newtechnologythatcanreduceaerodynamicdraginanyshape,enhancingthe

productappealofBEVs.

WearestudyingtheapplicationofhypersonictechnologyusedinrocketstoBEVsandarecollaboratingwithMitsubishiHeavyIndustriesonanewtechnologytoreduceaerodynamicdraginanyshape.

Inadditiontobatteryinnovation,wewilltakeonthechallengeoffurtherextendingthecruisingrangebyminimizingaerodynamicdragandwillcontinuetoimproveourBEVproductstoexceedourcustomers'expectations.

■Aerodynamictechnologybasedonrockethypersonictechnology?Newaerodynamicdragreductiontechnologybasedonrockethypersonic

aerodynamics

?WearecurrentlystudyingthetechnologyincooperationwiththeSpaceSystems

DivisionofMitsubishiHeavyIndustries,Ltd.

?Weareaimingtointroducethefindingsintonext-generationBEVsasfundamental

technologies.

?Bybeingabletoreduceaerodynamicdragwithoutbeingrestrictedbytheshapeof

thecar,itisexpectedtocombineanattractivedesign/packagingwithaerodynamicperformance(Cd0.1levelinview).

?Thedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesisunderwayindifferentspeedrangesby

applyingtheknowledgeofboundarylayercontrolintheultra-high-speedrangeobtainedfromaerospacetechnology.

Productionprocess1/2

▽Changingthemanufacturingsituation

ToensuretheprofitabilityofBEVs,wewillworkonbothvehicletechnologyandmanufacturing.

First,thevehiclebodywillbemadesimpleandsliminstructureandmoldedthroughgigacasting,forsignificantpartsintegration.

Also,wewillcreatehighlyflexibleproductionplantswithoutconveyorsbyintroducingconceptslikeaself-propellingassemblyline.

IndesigningtheBEVproductionplant,wewillemploydigitaltechnologytoincreasetheaccuracyofprocessverification.Throughtheseefforts,weaimtoreducetheproductionpreparationleadtime,productionprocesses,andfactoryinvestmentformass-producedvehiclesto1/2,andachieveasignificantreductioninfixedcosts.

1.Gigacasting

Thisprocessachieveshighproductivityintegratedmoldingofwhatacarmakerconsiderstobetheoptimumshape.

Wearealsodevelopingtechnologyforintegratedmoldingwithaluminumdie-castingofwhatusedtobemadewithdozensofsheetmetalparts.

Afteranalyzingthecastingtechnologythathasbeencultivatedinthecarmanufacturinggenbatoahighdegreeofprecision,wehavereviewedthestructuraldesigntomakeitsimplerandslimmer.

Inadditiontoreducingthenumberofpartsandprocesses,italsoreflectstheTPSphilosophyofeliminatingwasteineachprocess.

2.Self-propellingassemblyline

Wewilltakeonthechallengetodesignanext-generationproductionplantthateliminatestheconceptofa"conveyor."

Thetechnologyisbeingdevelopedtoenablemass-producedcarsunderassemblytomovetothenextprocessontheirown.

Sensorsandcontrolsystemsonthefactorysidecommunicatewithwirelessterminalsmountedonthemass-producedvehiclestocontrolthemfromtheoutside.Wewillaimtointegratethecarandtheproductionplant.

Theeliminationofconveyorswillmakethefactorylayoutsmoreflexibleandsignificantlyreducefactoryinvestmentandtheleadtimeaswellashumanresourcesrequiredtoprepareformassproduction,whichusedtotakeyears.

3.NextGenerationproductionplantdesign

Digitaltechnologywillbeexaminedformanufacturinginthenext-generationBEVplant.

Technologiessuchasgigacastingandself-drivingassemblylinesarecompatiblewithdigitalization,anddigitaltechnologywillbeactivelyemployedintheplantdesign,includingprocessstudyandimprovement.

Wewillshortenmassproductionpreparationleadtimethroughreproductionaccuracyatthe1mmerrorlevel.

Wewillshifttomoreefficientproductionlineswithunmannedtransportusingconnectedtechnology,autonomousinspections,etc.,andtakeonthechallengetodrasticallychangethemanufacturingsituationbyadoptingTPSconcepts,etc.

FundamentaltechnologiestoimproveBEVproductappeal

▽W(xué)ewillusethefundamentaltechnologiesofmanufacturingthatwehave

cultivatedtodatetoimprovetheproductappealofBEVs.

Wearefurtherdevelopingfundamentaltechnologiesbymakingthemostofthosewehavecultivatedthroughmanufacturing.

TheToyotaGroupasawholewilltakeadvantageofthesmalleAxleandnext-generationsemiconductortechnologiestoimprovethecommercialpotentialofBEVsunderdevelopment.

1.SmalleAxle

InordertodownsizetheeAxle'skeycomponentssuchasthemotor,geartrain,andinverter,wearedevelopingsmalleAxlebyfullyutilizingBluENexus,Aisin,Denso,andToyota'sin-housetechnologiescultivatedthroughthedevelopmentofHEVs.

?BydownsizingtheeAxle,werealizedlongercruisingrange.

Italsoenlargesthecargospaceandreducesaerodynamicdrag,whichcontributetobettercomfortanddesign.

2.SiCwafersforBEVinverters(next-generationsemiconductorswith50%lesspowerloss)

?Technologyforsupportingnext-generationBEVs

?Developingnext-generationsemiconductormaterialsfromcrystalgrowththatwill

contributetoimprovingtheenergyconsumptionofBEVs

?Inadditiontothegasmethod,whichhastheadvantageofacrystalgrowthspeedthatis

10timesfasterthantheindustrystandard,wearealsodevelopingtheindustry’slargest8-inchwafer,whichwillpromotetheinternalizationoftechnologywithinthe

ToyotaGroup.

*Theimageisbasedon

excerptsfromtheDENSO

CORPORATIONwebsite.

Multi-pathwayplatform

▽Expandingourlineupwithaplatformthatenablesustoofferavarietyof

electrifiedvehicles.

WehavethetechnologicalcapabilitytoprovideBEVmodelsimmediatelythroughamulti-pathwayplatformthatenablesustoofferavarietyofelectrifiedvehicles.

Wewillexpandourproductlineupevenbeforetheintroductionofthenext-generationBEVs,withasetstandardof1.5millionunitsin2026.

■Multi-pathwayplatform

Wewilldevelopaplatformthatenablesustoofferavarietyofelectrifiedvehicles.

AsanexampleofourtechnologicalcapabilitytoprovidenotonlythebZseriesbutalsoFuntoDriveBEVstomeetthediverseneedsofourcustomers,wehaveconvertedthepowertrainoftheCrownintoaBEV.

Hydrogen

▽Aninnovativenext-generationFCsystemaimstoexpanddemandforhydrogen,

especiallyforcommercialuse.

AsToyotamovesforwardinreducingCO2emissionswiththeaimofachievingcarbonneutrality,ToyotapositionshydrogenasanimportantfuelinitseffortstoreduceCO2emissionswiththeaimofachievingcarbonneutrality.

Tocontributetothecreationofa“hydrogensociety”throughthepromotionofhydrogenutilization,weareworkingwithvariousindustrypartnersintheareasofproducing,transporting,andusinghydrogen.Wearealsodevelopinganddemonstratingfuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)suchaspassengerandcommercialtrucksandbuses,FCstationarygeneratorsandhydrogenenginevehicleswithinternalcombustionengines.

1.Next-generationFCSystem

Wearedevelopinginnovativenext-generationfuelcellsthatdeliverindustry-leadingperformanceforcommercialuse(longlife,lowcost,andlowfuelconsumption),aimingforcommercializationin2026.

Withthesecells,wearepursuingeasiermaintenancethandieselenginevehiclesand1/2thecostofastack(comparedtocurrentmodels).Wealsoexpecttoimprovethecruisingrangeby20%(comparedtothecurrentrange).

2.LargeCommercialTanks

?Wearetakingonthestandardizationoftanksforlargecommercialvehicles,which

areexpectedtoconsumehydrogenonalargescale,toacceleratetheexpansionofhydrogendemand.Weaimtoreducemanufacturingcostsby25%byunifyingthetankstandardsofEuropean,U.S.,andJapanesecompaniesandconsolidatingtheirquantities.

?Wearealsodevelopingliquidhydrogentanksforlargecommercialvehicles.

3.MultiHydrogenTank(Concept)

Wearedevelopinghydrogentanksdesignedforeaseofinstallationandcompatibilitywithvarioustypesofvehicles,fromlargetosmall.ItwillbepossibletoconvertexistingvehiclestoFCEVsandhydrogenenginevehicles.

4.Hydrogenproduction:ProductionbywaterelectrolysisorfrombiogasWehavedevelopedanewwaterelectrolyzerthatproduceshydrogenbyelectrolyzingwater,applyingthefuelcellstackandcelltechnologiesdevelopedfortheMirai,andstarteditspublictrialsattheDENSOFukushimaplant.

WehavestartedaninitiativetoproducehydrogenfrombiogasderivedfromlocalchickenmanureandfoodwasteinThailandbytheendof2023incollaborationwithMitsubishiKakokiCorporationandToyotaTsushoCorporation.

5.Hydrogenenginevehicle:Trialvehicle(licenseplatenumberalreadyobtained;canbedrivenonpublicroads)

?Wewillacceleratedevelopmentofhydrogenenginevehiclesforcommercialization

asanewoptionincontributingtocarbonneutrality.

?Wewillpromoteconsiderationoftheentirevehiclebyincorporatinganexhaust

purificationsystemthatutilizesdieselenginevehicletechnology,etc.

Carbonneutral(CN)fuel

▽W(xué)ewillworkwithvariouspartnerstopromotetheuseofbiofuels,whichwill

leadtoCNforvehiclesownedbycustomers.

Toachievecarbonneutrality,itisimportantnotonlytopromotethespreadofelectrifiedvehicles,especiallyinnewcarsales,butalsotoreduceCO2emissionsduringdrivingofvehiclesalreadyownedbycustomerswhousethemintheirdailylives.

Tomeettheneedsofdiversevehicles,regions,andcustomers,wemustofferavarietyofenergyoptions.WeareworkingwithvariouspartnersacrossindustryboundariestoreduceCO2emissionsandpublictrialsofhydrogen,syntheticfuels,andbioethanolfuelsbasedonelectricityderivedfromrenewableenergysources,fromrawmaterialprocurementthroughthemanufacturingprocess.

1.e-fuel

Inregionswherehydrogenisinexpensive,hydrogenisproducedandconsumedlocallyusingFCas-is.Inregionswherehydrogenisexpensive,wewillexaminethepotentialfortotalcostadvantagesbyproducingandtransportinge-fueltoregionswhereproductioncostsarelow.

2.Biofuels

InJuly2022,sevenprivatecompaniesincludingToyotaestablishedtheResearchAssociationofBiomassInnovationforNextGenerationAutomobileFuelstopromoteresearchofaproductiontechnologystructureforsecondgenerationbioethanolfuel.

Weareexpandinguseinemergingcountriesbypromotingdeploymentoftherightvehicleintherightplaceattherighttime,includingtheintroductionofbiofuel(ethanol)-compatiblevehicles.

◆IntelligenceTechnology

Intelligencetoprovidenewvalueforcars

▽IntelligenceinCars–Providingnewvaluetovehicles

Wewillsequentiallyexpandtheupdateofadvancedsafetytechnologies,multimedia,andotherfunctionstoallvehiclesinlinewiththeevolutionofthetimes.Withanext-generationvoicerecognitionsystem,Arenewillacceleratetheshifttocarintelligence,suchasquickresponseandflexiblesuggestionsthatmakethedriverfeelasiftheyaretalkingtoahumanbeing.

Withtheevolutionofthevehicle'soperatingsystem,thenext-generationbatteryEVwillalsoenablecustomizationofthe"drivingfeel,"withafocusonacceleration,turning,andstopping.Inaddition,byfurtherrefiningthevehicle'sfundamentalcharacteristics,wewillrealizemoreFuntoDrivevehiclesintermsofbothhardwareandsoftware.

1.AreneOS

AreneOSisastate-of-the-artsoftwareplatform,acceleratingtheintelligenceofcarsandprovidingnewvaluetocustomerswiththefollowingthreepillarsasbelow:

1)TOOLS:Asetoftoolsforefficientdevelopment/evaluationofcarsoftware

2)SoftwareDevelopmentKit(SDK):Developmentkitforeasyintegrationofstate-of-the-artsoftwareintovehicles

3)UserInteraction(UI):Mechanismsforinteractionbetweenpeopleandcars,andbetweencarsandsociety

2.Next-generationVoiceRecognition

?ThemostadvancedAItechnologyenablesacomfortablecabinexperienceforcustomers

withfast,high-performanceresponsetimesandsuggestionstailoredtotheirsituationsandpreferences,asiftheyweretalkingtoanoperator.

?AreneOSoperatesmorethan200vehiclefunctionstoacceleratevehicleintelligence?Scheduledtobeinstalledinthenextglobalvolumeproductionmodel

3.AI-Supported"StylishDesign"

?Atoolthataimstolimitlesslyexpandthepowerofdesignideasthroughcollaboration

betweenhumans(designers)andAI(systems),whileatthesametimedrasticallyimprovingthespeedofdesigndevelopment.

?AnAIsystemgeneratesimagesthattakeaerodynamicandotherengineeringconstraints

intoaccounttosupportthecreationofdesignsthatcombineaerodynamicperformanceanddesign.

4.ManualBEVs

?BEVhardwareandsoftwarethatcanbeupdatedinawaythatonlyacarmakercanprovide.?Drivecontrolandclutchfunctionsprovidethefunofdrivingamanualtransmission

carevenwithaBEV.

5.Carsthatcanbemodifiedon-demandforvariousdrivingfeel

?Drivingfeel,enginesound,etc.canbechangedbyupdatingBEVsoftware?PursuingunlimitedpossibilitieswithasingleBEV,suchasnostalgiccarsyouusedto

drive,sportstypecarsfordriving,orcarsyouwanttodriveinthefuture.

6.LexusRZwithSteer-by-Wire

?Asystemthatcontrolssteeringandtireswithelectricsignals.Providesanewdriving

experiencebysignificantlyreducingtheamountofsteeringoperation.Forexample,thevehiclecanbemaneuveredwithoutturningthecircularsteeringwheelasmuchasbefore.

?Nomechanicallinkageandgreaterflexibilityinsteeringarrangement,allowingfor

expansiontonewmobilityapplications.

IntelligencethatConnectswithSocietyandContributesto

SolvingSocialIssues

▽Contributetosolvingsocialissuesbymakingservicesandsocietymoreintelligent

Carswillbeconnectedtoinfrastructureandtownstoprovidenewservices.Forexample,wewillpromotesocialimplementationoflogisticssystemsthatutilizereal-timetrafficinformationtoimprovetransportationefficiencyandsystemsforoptimalenergymanagement.

WovenCity,positionedasatestcourseformobility,willconductvariousdemonstrationsthatconnectpeople,vehicles,andsociety.Forexample,wewillimplementconnectedservicesinthelogisticsareapublicly,improvetheissuesidentifiedthereagaininWovenCity,andimplementthemagain.Byadvancingthis