詞 匯語言類syllable 音節alphabet 字母ambiguity 語言中的歧異現象pronunciation 發音Cantonese 廣東話vowel 元音consonant輔音tone聲調tonelanguage聲調語言rhyme韻律rhyme押韻rhythm節奏intonation語調speechofsound語音lexicon詞匯grammar語法word-building/-formation構詞法morphologicalchange形態變化morpheme語素vocalcords聲帶organsofspeech發音器官respiratoryorgans呼吸器官phoneticalphabet音標ChinesePhoneticAlphabet漢語拼音phoneme 音位attribute 屬性articulationoracle 發音boneinscriptions 甲骨文stroke 筆畫charactercomponent 部首ideograph 表意文字

pictograph象形文字notionalword實詞noun名詞verb動詞adjective形容詞adverb副詞pronoun代詞functionword虛詞conjunction連詞moodword語氣詞preposition介詞interjection嘆詞auxiliaryword助詞modalverb情態動詞subject主語object賓語attribute定語complement補語predicate謂語predicative表語adverbial狀語modifier修飾語synonym同義詞antonym反義詞wordgroup詞組tense時態propernoun專有名詞register專業術語context語境ending詞尾suffix后綴infix前綴originalmeaning本義basicmeaning基本義extendedmeaning引申義setphrase/idiom成語dialect方言Syntax句法學Semantics語義學Pragmatics語用學Appliedlinguistics應用語言學arbitrary/arbitrariness任意性productivit能產性duality二重性displacement 移位性creativity創造性softpalate軟腭hardpalate硬腭teethridge齒齦airstream氣流stress 重音annotate 注音vroot 詞根stem 詞干wordorder 詞序Saussure 索緒爾language 言語活動parole 言語langue 語言competence 語言能力performance 言語行為isolatinglanguage 孤立語agglutinativelanguage 黏著語inflectionallanguage 屈折語

folklore民俗學character字word詞sentence句子note注釋exercise練習assignment作業theruleofwriting書寫規則passage短文speechtempo語速courseware課件teachingobjective教學目標teachingprocedure教學步驟placementtest分班考試interlanguage中介語contrastiveanalysis對比分析Erroranalysis偏誤分析positivetransfe正遷移rnegativetransfer負遷移LanguageAcquisition語言習得TargetLanguage目的語SecondLanguage第二語言Structuralism結構主義Behaviorism行為主義speechacttheory言語行為理論principleofconversation會話原則maxim準則conversationalimplication會話含義wideningofmeaning意義擴大narrowingofmeaning意義縮小meaningshift意義改變LAD=Languageacquisitiondevice語言習得裝置文學類methodofcreation創作方法essentialfeatures基本特征worldoutlook世界觀literarystyle文學風格emotionalfeeling思想感情Realism現實主義Romanticism浪漫主義Classicism古典主義literaryappreciationappreciationofliterature文學鑒賞literarycriticism文學批評literarytheory文學理論schoolsofliterature文學流派linguisticarts語言藝術literaryworks文學作品narrativepoetry敘事詩lyricpoetry抒情詩essay雜文fiction小說novel長篇小說medium-lengthnovel中篇小說shortstory短篇小說poetry詩歌prose散文drama戲劇tragedy悲劇comedy喜劇solemndrama正劇嚴肅劇stageplay話劇literaryscript文學劇本montage蒙太奇contemporary當代文學literaryheritage文化遺產

publication出版regulation調節intellectual知識分子educationalbackground學歷definition定義corresponding對應的creativeconsciousness創新意識literarycircle文學界literarytrend文學潮流individualvalue個人價值Renaissance文藝復興Enlightenment啟蒙運動humanism人本主義heroism英雄主義senseoflife生命意識literaryachievement文學成就legend傳說imagination想象力humanright人權literaryflavor文學色彩techniqueofexpression表現手法supernaturalpower超自然的力量epic史詩strongwill堅強的意志keynote基調historicalplay歷史劇plot情節time時間site地點theme 主題distinctiveimage 鮮明的形象character 性格characteristic 特征aestheticvalue 美學價值exaggeration夸張contrast對比folkliterature民間文學socialstatus社會地位Sinology漢學religion宗教信仰worship崇拜Taoism道教Confucius孔子Confucian儒家的superstition迷信mythology神話emperor皇帝YellowEmpero黃帝rhierarchy等級制度taboo禁忌filialduty孝順annals編年史dynastichistory斷代史dynasty朝代title片名originalversion原著NationalDay國慶節Mid-AutumnDay/Festival中秋節SpringFestival春節LanternFestival元宵節Children’sDay兒童節DragonBoatFestival端午節

dialogue 對白subtitle 字幕take 鏡頭clip片段picture 畫面speciality/major 專業calligraphy 書法vbeinrhyme 押韻category 范疇名著OutlawsoftheMarsh 〈水滸傳〉TheDreamofRedChamber 〈紅樓夢〉ThreeKingdoms 〈三國演義〉TheJourneytheWest 〈西游記〉Zhao’sOrphan元曲〈趙氏孤兒〉ChineseOrphan 〈中國孤兒〉伏爾泰TheAnalectsofConfucius 〈論語〉TheBookofSongs 〈詩經〉Mencius〈孟子〉中華民族的喜慶節日Women’sDay 婦女節Water-SplashingDay 潑水節Teachers’Day教師節YouthDay 五四青年節中國獨特的傳統飲食wonton 餛飩 ricetofu 米豆腐guotiefriedjiaozi 鍋貼 konjaktofu 魔芋豆腐steamedtwistedrolls 花卷 ricenoodles 米粉setmeal 套餐 astickofsugar-coatedhawsorapples,etc. 冰boxlunch;Chinesetake-away 盒飯 糖葫蘆chafingdish火鍋eight-treasurericepudding八寶飯glassnoodles粉絲jelliedbeancurd豆腐腦Clayovenrolls燒餅friedbreadstick油條Friedleekdumplings韭菜盒boileddumplings水餃Steameddumplings蒸餃steamedbuns饅頭Riceandvegetableroll飯團eggcakes蛋餅Saltedduckegg咸鴨蛋soybeanmilk豆漿Riceporridge稀飯plainwhiterice白飯Glutinous糯米friedricewithegg蛋炒飯Sweetpotatocongee地瓜粥wonton&noodles餛飩面Slicednoodles刀削面spicyhotnoodles麻辣面Sesamepastenoodles麻醬面seafoodnoodles烏龍面Pork,pickledmustardgreennoodles榨菜肉絲面Ricenoodles米粉中國新興事物ChinaTelecom 中國 電信ChinaMobile 中國 移動the10thFive-YearPlan 十五計劃Chinanet 中國電腦聯網theThreeGorgesProject 三峽工程ProjectHope 希望工程

friedricenoodles炒米粉Fishballsoup魚丸湯egg&vegetablesoup蛋花湯0ystersoup牡蠣湯seaweedsoup紫菜湯sweet&soursoup酸辣湯wontonsoup餛飩湯porkthicksoup肉羹湯squidsoup魷魚湯tomatoesonsticks糖葫蘆longevityPeaches長壽桃glutinousricesesameballs芝麻球hempflowers麻花plumjuice酸梅汁stinkytofu(Smellytofu)臭豆腐spicyhotbeancurd麻辣豆腐prawncracker蝦片shrimpballs蝦球springrolls春卷chickenrolls蛋卷redbeancake紅豆糕beanpastecake綠豆糕glutinousricecakes糯米糕rice-meatdumplings肉丸betelnut檳榔hotpot 火鍋BeijingCKowloonRailway京九鐵路Anti-PovertyProject扶貧工程VegetableBasketProject菜籃子工程Decent-LifeProject溫飽工程EconomyHousingProject安居工程Porn-PurgingCampaign掃黃Go-WestCampaign西部大開發特有的一些漢語詞匯ZenBuddhism 禪宗dhyana;dhgaya 禪chaos 混沌Daosim,thewayanditspower 道FourNobleTruth 四諦EightfoldPath 八正道anity 無常TheoryofFiveElements 五行說anatman 無我mettaortranscendentalmeditation坐禪sunyata 空nothingness 虛無國家機關名稱NationalPeople'sCongressNPC 全國人民代表大會Presidium 主席團StandingCommittee 常務委員會GeneralOffice 辦公廳Secretariat 秘書處CredentialsCommittee 代表資格審查委員會MotionsExaminationCommittee 提案審查委員會EthnicAffairsCommittee 民族委員會LawCommittee 法律委員會FinanceandEconomyCommittee 財政經濟委員會ForeignAffairsCommittee 外事委員會Education,Science,CultureandPublicHealthCommitte教育、科學、文化和衛生委員會CommitteeforInternalandJudicialAffairs 內務司法委員會

OverseasChineseAffairsCommittee華僑委員會CommissionofLegislativeAffairs法制工作委員會CommissionofInquiryintoSpecificQuestions特定問題調查委員會CommitteeforRevisionoftheConstitution憲法修改委員會PresidentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina中華人民共和國主席CentralMilitaryCommission中央軍事委員會SupremePeople'sCourt最高人民法院SupremePeople'sProcuratorate最高人民檢察院StateCouncil國務院MinistryofForeignAffairs外交部MinistriesandCommissionsDirectlyundertheStateCounci國務院部委MinistryofNationalDefence國防部MinistryofPublicSecurity公安部NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission國家發展和改革委員會StateEconomicandTradeCommission國家經濟貿易委員會MinistryofEducation教育部MinistryofScienceandTechnology科學技術部CommissionofScience,TechnologyandIndustryforNationalDe-fence國防科學技術工業委員會StateEthnicAffairsCommission 國家民族事物委員會MinistryofStateSecurity 國家安全部MinistryofSupervision 監察部MinistryofCivilAffairs 民政部MinistryofJustice司法部ResearchOfficeoftheStateCouncil國MinistryofFinance財政部務院研究室MinistryofPersonnel人事部InformationOffice新聞辦公室MinistryofLabourandSocialSecurityDepartmentsDirectlyundertheState勞動和社會保障部Council國務院直屬機構MinistryofLandandResources國土資源GeneralAdministrationofCustoms海關部總署MinistryofConstruction建設部StateTaxationAdministration國家稅務MinistryofRailways鐵道部總局MinistryofCommunications交通部StateEnvironmentalProtectionMinistryofInformationIndustry信息產Administration國家環境保護總局業部CivilAviationAdministrationofChinaMinistryofWaterResources水利部CAAC中國民用航空總局MinistryofAgriculture農業部StateAdministrationofRadio,FilmandMinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicTelevisionCooperation國家廣播電影電視總局對外貿易經濟合作部StateSportGeneralAdministration國家MinistryofCulture文化部體育總局MinistryofPublicHealth衛生部StateStatisticsBureau國家統計局StateFamilyPlanningCommission國家StateAdministrationofIndustryand計劃生育委員會Commerce國家工商行政管理局People'sBankofChina中國人民銀行PressandPublicationAdministration新StateAuditingAdministration國家審計聞出版署署StateCopyrightBureau國家版權局OfficesundertheStateCouncil國務院辦StateForestryBureau國家林業局事機構StateBureauofQualityandTechnicalGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncil國務Supervision國家質量技術監督局院辦公廳StateDrugAdministrationSDA國家藥OfficeofOverseasChineseAffairs僑務品監督管理局辦公室StateIntellectualPropertyOfficeSIPOHongKongandMacaoAffairsOffice港國家知識產權局澳臺辦公室NationalTourismAdministration國家旅TaiwanAffairsOffice臺灣事物辦公室游局OfficeofLegislativeAffairs法制辦公室StateBureauofReligiousAffairs國家宗OfficeforEconomicRestructuring經濟教事物局體制改革辦公室Counsellors'OfficeoftheStateCouncilStateBureauofMetallurgicalIndustry國務院參事辦國家冶金工業局GovernmentOfficesAdministrationofStateBureauofPetroleumandtheStateCouncilChemicalIndustries國務院機關事物管理局國家石油和化學工業局InstitutionsDirectlyundertheStateStateBureauofLightIndustry國家輕工Council國務院直屬事業單位業局XinhuaNewsAgency新華通訊社StateBureauofTextileIndustry國家紡ChineseAcademyofSciences中國科學織工業局院StateBureauofBuildingMaterialsChineseAcademyofSocialSciences中Industry國家建筑材料工業局國社會科學院StateTobaccoMonopolyBureau國家煙ChineseAcademyofEngineering中國工草專賣局程院StateBureauofNonferrousMetalDevelopmentResearchCentreoftheIndustry國家有色金屬工業局StateCouncil國務院發展研究中心StateBureauofForeignExpertsAffairsNationalSchoolofAdministration國家undertheMinistryofPersonnel行政學院國家外國專家局人事部ChinaSeismologicalBureau中國地震局StateOceanicAdministrationundertheChinaMeteorologicalBureau中國氣象局MinistryofLandandresourcesChinaSecuritiesRegulatory國家海洋局國土資源部CommissionCSRCStateBureauofSurveyingand中國證券監督管理委員會MappingundertheMinistryofLandandStateBureauxAdministratedbyResourcesMinistriesorCommissions國家測繪局國土資源部部委管理的國家局StatePostBureauundertheMinistryofStateBureauofGrainReserveunderInformationIndustrytheStateDevelopmentPlanning國家郵政局信息產業部Commission國家糧食儲備局國家發展計StateCulturalRelicsBureauunderthe劃委員會MinistryofCultureStateBureauofInternalTrade國家國內國家文物局文化部貿易局StateAdministrationofTraditionalStateBureauofCoalIndustry國家煤炭ChineseMedicineundertheMinistryof工業局PublicHealth國家中醫藥管理局衛生部StateBureauofMachine-BuildingIndustry國家機械工業局StateAdministrationofForeignExchangeunderthePeople'sBankofChina國家外匯管理局中國人民銀行總行paper 宣紙yamen 衙門kowtow 叩頭Confucius 孔子pailou；pai-loo 牌樓wushuChineseMartialArts 武術kungfu ；kungfu 功夫thewayofmediumcf.GoldenMeans中庸harmonyzhonghe 中和toshowfilialobedience 孝順dutifulson 孝子familyhead 家長threecardinal ：三綱fiveconstantvirtues: 五常guides:rulerguidessubject,fatherguidessonhusbandguideswife君為臣綱，父為子綱，夫為妻綱benevolencehumanity,righteousness,propriety,wisdomandfidelity仁、義、理、智、信eight-leggedessays八股文raisingsonstosupportoneinone養兒防老Themoresons/children,themore多子多福LongxuDitch 龍須溝modelopera 樣板戲TheMineWarfare 地雷戰DrunkenedConcubine 貴妃醉酒

StateAdministrationforEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineundertheGeneralAdministrationofCustoms國家出入境檢驗檢疫局海關總署中國傳統文化事物FarewelltoMyConcubine霸王別姬TearsofHuangshan荒山淚GatheringofHeroes群英會EastWind借東風GeneralandPremierMakeUp將相和TheStoryofPipa琵琶記WomenGeneralofYangFamily楊門女將FlowerDrumDance鳳陽花鼓HomeintheSea大海啊，故鄉MyChineseHeart我的中國心NightattheNavalPort軍港之夜WinterFire冬天里的一把火PeonyPavilion牡丹亭AmbushfromAllSides十面埋伏（古曲）GoddessMarriage天仙配MoonandFlowerintheSpringRiver春江花月夜LastingWordstoAwakentheWorld醒世恒言’sButterflyLove 梁祝（小提琴協奏曲）OrdinaryWordstoWarntheWorld警世通言ClearWordstoIllustratetheWorld喻世明言ThreeVolumesofWords ，TwoVolumesofSlapping 三“言”、“二拍”SurpriseStoriestoMakeOneSlaptheDesk 拍案驚奇ADreamofRedMansion/Chamber紅樓夢WaterMargin 水滸JourneytotheWest西游記RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms三國演義StrangeTlesfromaScholar'sStudio聊齋志異PalaceofEternalLife 長生殿ThePeachBlossomFan 桃花扇TheScholars 儒林外史CelebratingMother'sBirthday五女拜壽RiversideSceneatQingmingFestival清明上河圖PekingOpera 京劇YueOpera 越劇ChuanOpera 川劇TheShopofLinFamily林家鋪子GardenofRespose憩園（巴金作品集）WildGrass 野草（魯迅作品集）Wandering 彷徨（魯迅作品集）Chinesedescent 炎黃子孫OldTalesRetold故事新編（魯迅作品集）fiveelements 五行Avalokitesvara 觀音菩薩Boddhisattva 菩薩mosque 清真寺Taoist 道士monk 和尚nun 尼姑arhat 羅漢theGodofWealth 財神爺

DoorGods門神theJadeEmperor玉皇大帝KingofHell閻王爺DragonKing龍王theFireGod爐火神theKingofMedicine藥王theQueenMotheroftheWest王母娘娘WaterCurtainCave水簾洞theGreatSageEquallingHeaven齊天大圣Buddhistscriptures佛經MountainofFlowersandFruits花果山HandsomeMonkeyKing美猴王goldencudgel金箍棒seventy-twodifferentforms七十二般變化PatriarchSubhut孫悟空的師父theProtectoroftheHorses弼馬溫GreatWhitePlanet太白金星MightyMiracleGod巨靈神PrinceNeZha哪吒三太子theImmortalityPeachGarden蕃桃園JadePool瑤池BarefootImmortal赤腳大仙TrueLordErlangzhenjun二郎真君EightTrigramsFurnace八卦爐LordLaoZioftheGreatMonad太上老君metal金HallofMiraculousMist靈霄寶殿FourHeavenlyKings四大天王FiveElementsMountain五行山wood木water水fire 火earth 土HeavenlyKingwithaPagodainHand托塔李天王DujiangWeir都江堰theEightImmortals八仙IronCrutchLi鐵拐李HanZhongli漢鐘離ZhangGuolao張果老HeXiangu何仙姑LanCaihe藍采和HanXiangzi韓湘子CaoGuojiu曹國舅LuDongbin呂洞賓RiverUncle河伯theThunderGod雷公Chang'e嫦娥LocalGodoftheLand土地神GrantingTitlestoGods封神榜theKitchenGod灶王爺ChinaTelecom中國電信ChinaMobile中國移動the10thFive-YearPlan十五計劃Chinanet中國電腦聯網theThreeGorgesProject三峽工程ProjectHope希望工程BeijingCKowloonRailway京九鐵路Anti-PovertyProject扶貧工程VegetableBasketProject菜籃子工程Decent-LifeProject溫飽工程EconomyHousingProject安居工程Porn-PurgingCampaign掃黃Go-WestCampaign西部大開發trigram八卦

yin,yang陰、陽Dao(cf.logo)道thejianghuWorld(thetraits’world)江湖(世界)Daoism(Taoism)道excessiveinternalheat上火Confucianism儒學redology紅學(《紅樓夢》研究)Shangri-laorArcadia世外桃源kaifang(Chineseopennesstotheoutsideworld)開放gettinganequalshareregardlessoftheworkdone大鍋飯scarliteratureortheliteratureofthewounded傷痕文學noimposinguniformityon不搞一刀切toshakeoffpoverty;anti-poverty脫貧toconformwiththenationalconditionsandthewillofthepeople合乎國情，順乎民意impositionofarbitraryquotasandservicecharge 亂攤派，亂收費iron(lifetime)post ’aranteeds;guleadingpost 鐵交椅Orderleadstoprosperityandchaostodecline治則興，亂則衰mural壁畫Chinesetraditionalpainting國畫inkandwashpainting水墨畫silkpainting絹畫woodengraving木刻畫engraving版畫shellcarvingpainting貝雕畫newyearpicture年畫potteryware陶器jadearticle玉器chinaware瓷器celadon青瓷bronzeware青銅器cloisonnéenamel景泰藍lacquerware漆器paintedpottery彩陶trio-coloredglazedpotteryoftheTangDynasty唐三彩icecarving冰雕jadecarving玉雕stonecarving石雕bonescarving骨雕shellcarving貝雕woodcarving木雕treerootcarving根雕porcelaincarving瓷器雕ivorycarving象牙雕paintedsculpture彩塑doughfigurine畫塑clayfigure泥人兒silkfan絹扇sandalwoodfan檀香扇foldingfan折扇pearl珍珠agate瑪瑙coral珊瑚

greenjade 翡翠amber 琥珀jade 玉embroidery 刺繡two-sidedembroidery 雙面秀tapestry 掛毯batik 蠟染wickerwork藤條制品puresilk真絲cigaretteholder煙嘴snuffbottle鼻煙壺seal圖章pottedlandscape盆景screen屏風edanss轎子pinwheel風車acrobatics雜技magic魔術shakingdrum撥浪鼓bambooflute竹苗shadowpuppet皮影sugar-molded糖人courtyardhomes四合院stiltwalk踩高蹺martialarts武術rickshaw人力車palacelantern宮燈finger-guessinggame猜拳mo