被動語態讓我們以前回憶一下我們以前學過的被動語態的句型吧A:What’s…usedfor?B:It’susedfor…

A:Whatisthe…madeof?B:It’smadeof…A:Whereisitmade?B:It’smadein…ChinaglasswoodCanadaActivesentencestelluswhoorwhatdoessomething.Daminpushesthebirdsintothewaterwithhispole.Passivesentencesoftendonottelluswhoorwhatdoessomething.Someofthefishare

sold.被動語態（ThePassiveVoice）：1）主動語態和被動語態：英語動詞有兩種語態，主動語態（TheActiveVoice）和被動語態（ThePassiveVoice）。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。Manystudents

study

English.(主動語態)English

isstudied

bymanystudents.(被動語態)

被動語態的用法:1.只知道動作的承受者;

rob（搶劫）yesterdaysendlastyearAman-madesatellite

wassentlastyear.Abank

wasrobbed

yesterday.2.強調動作的承受者;use…forAcamera

isused

fortaking

photos.make/ChinaFootballismadeinChina.3.不需要指出動作的發出者.Arecorder

isused

inourEnglishclasseveryday.

recorderuseeverydaysendto

rightnowThey

mustbesentto

thehospitalrightnow..must

plantThetree

mustbeplanted.如何變被動語態WespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語Englishisspokenbyus.主語謂語賓語賓變主,主變賓,前加by動變被,看清be,結構分別be+pp主動語態被動語態主動句變為被動句所遵循的4個步驟1.把原主動句中的賓語變為被動句的主語。2.把動詞變為被動形式即be+過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數隨主語的變化，而動詞的時態則保持不變。3.原主動句的主語如需要，則放在by后面,如主語為代詞則以它的賓格形式出，如不需要則可省略。4.其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。主變被解題步驟:1.找賓語----即動作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判斷賓語的單復數----即be動詞的單復數.arewere3.判斷動詞的時態----即be動詞的時態.4.修改謂語的時態----即原句動詞改為過去分詞

made5.修改原句的主語----即by+主語/賓語.

bythem.1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現在時：S(主語）+am/is/are+過去分詞變為被動語態Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.themotorbikeisriddenbyhimWecallthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.Manypeoplestartworkveryearlyinthemorningbecausealotofworkhastobedoneatthattime.Milk___________(deliver)fromhousetohousebymilkman.Streets__________(sweep)bystreetsweepers.Thevegetablesandfruit________(sell)inthemarket.Localsnacks_________(make)inthestalls.ConsolidationSimplepresenttenseAglance

atdailylifeisdeliveredaresweptaresoldaremadeTheyplayfootballonSundays.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.FootballisplayedbythemonSundays.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK.趁熱打鐵SimplepasttensesenduplastyearScientistssentupChangEIintospacelastyear.Scientists(byscientists)ChangEI

ChangEIsentupwassentuplastyear.2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時：S+was/were+過去分詞modelrobyesterdaySomeonerobbedthebankyesterday.Thebank

wasrobbedyesterday.(bysomeone)Dirtywaterwaspouredintoriversfromfactoriestenyearsago.FeedbackFillintheblankswiththeverbsintheirpassivevoice.Thissong_________(sing)byCelineDion.Rose___________(save)byJack.Jack___________(kill)bythecoldseawater.Theship_________(find)in1999.

Thenecklace,StarofSea,_______________

(discover)ontheship.wassungwassavedwaskilledwasfoundwasdiscoveredConsolidationAjewelleryshop___________(rob)yesterdayevening.Alotofexpensiveringsandnecklaces___________(steal).Butallthese_________(see)byaboywholivedneartheshop.Sothethieves____________(catch)thismorningandthepilferage(贓物un.)___________(find)intheirhomes.CasefocusSimplepasttensewasrobbedwerestolenwereseenwerecaughtwasfoundTheybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyplantedmanytreesmanyyearsago.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Manytreeswereplantedbythemmanyyearsago.趁熱打鐵3.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時：S+will+be+過去分詞soonThemanwillgiveatalksoon.Atalk

willbegivenbythemansoon.ModelTheyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.makeChinaagreencountryinthefutureChinawillbemadeagreencountryinthefuture.Modalverbs

mustWemustsendthemtothehospital.(byus)Theymustbesenttothehospital4．Tom

cantakegoodcareof

Tina

．Tina

canbetakengoodcareof

byTom.情態動詞：S+can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞Hecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbe

easilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.collectbecausecanrecycleSomerubbishshouldbecollected,becauseitcanberecycled.shouldConsolidationThisisasoldier’sroom.Itisinamess.What

shouldbedone?ModalverbsWhatcanbedone

tomaketheroomlookmorecomfortable?Thefloor sweepThedishesThechairTherubbishbin

ApicturehangonthewallThewallpaintSomeflowersputinavaseonthetablewashfixempty1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Youmustturnoffthelights.3.Jimcoulddoityesterday.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday.趁熱打鐵5.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.現在進行時：

S+am/is/are+being+過去分詞They

areholding

asportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeeting

isbeingheld

(bythem)now.6.We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.現在完成時：

S+have/has+been+過去分詞Workers

havebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.2.Cameras

areusedfortakingphotos.3.Thebank

wasrobbedyesterday.4.ChangEOne

wassentupintospacelastyear.8.Thetrees

mustbeplantedinourcountry.6.The12thCityGameswillbeheld

inShenyang.7.They

mustbesenttothehospitalbyus.5.Atalk

willbegivenbyhimsoon.Lookandfindoutthesimilarity

1.Arecorder

isoftenusedbyMrs.Lee.SimplepresentSimplepastSimplefutureModalverbsPassivevoice+V-ed一般現在時：am/is/aredone一般過去時：was/weredone現在進行時：am/is/arebeingdone過去進行時：was/werebeingdone現在完成時：have/hasbeendone過去完成時：hadbeendone一般將來時：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone當句中含有情態動詞時，句子結構為

can/must/haveto…bedoneCormorants________forcatchingfish.

areusedEnglishEnglish＿＿＿＿＿

bythemostpeopleintheworld.isspokenThebook____________byLuxun.

waswrittenThelight_________byThomasEdison.wasinventedChangethefollowingsentencesintothePassiveVoice1.Themantiesapieceofgrassaroundtheirnecks.2.Cormorantsusetheirfeettopushthemquicklythroughthewater.3.Heremovesthefishfromthecormorants’mouths.Apieceofgrassistiedaroundtheirnecksbytheman.Theirfeetareusedtopushthemquicklythroughthewaterbycormorants.Thefishareremovedfromthecormorants’mouthsbyhim.4.Hisfamilyandthecormorantsdividetherestofthefish.5.ManyfishermeninChinausecormorants.6.Televisionstationsinmanycountrieswillshowourprogramme.Therestofthefisharedividedbyhisfamilyandthecormorants.CormorantsareusedbymanyfishermeninChina.Ourprogrammewillbeshownbytelevisionstationsinmanycountries.二.選擇填空:Windows_____ofglass.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA4.Watches____ShanghaiA.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhou.A.isproducedB.areproduced

C.producedD.isproduces

AADA1.Alotofnewroads___builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have2.Hiscar___tomorrow.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired3.Thatkindofshirt__cotton.

A.ismadebyB.aremadefromC.ismadeofD.aremadeof4.Mysuitaremade___cottonand___Shanghai.A.from,inB.of,inC.of,byD.from,by5.What____theforestinChinainthelast10years?

A.hashappenedto

B.washappened

C.hashappenedat

D.hasbeenhappened6.Manybridges___overtheriversinceliberation(解放).A.arebuiltB.havebuiltC.builtD.havebeenbuilt7.Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisgoingto____inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built8.Wecan’tusethebridgenow,becauseit____.

A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired

9.Manyhighbuildings___inourcitysinceIcamehere.A.havebeenbuiltB.havebuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.hasbuilt10.Youcangooutifyourhomework______.A.isdoneB.willdoC.willbedoneD.arefinished13.Thisoldmachine___theroomwet.A.usedtokeepB.wasusedtokeepingC.usedtokeepingD.wasusedtokeep11.Ifhe___enoughtime,hewillcomeupwithanidea.A.givesB.willgiveC.isgivenD.willbegiven12.Anewfilmisgoingto___thisSunday.A.showB.showingC.beshownD.beshowing中考鏈接1.Afterthehero’sstory____onCCTV,manypeoplearelearningfromhim.A.reportsB.reportedC.wasreportingD.wasreported2.Mr.Johnson’sstory_____byeveryonewhoheardit.A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatDD3.---Howbeautifulourhometownis!---Yes,treesandflowers____everywhere.A.canbeseenB.canseeC.beseenD.can’tsee4.Personalcomputers____in1976.Ithaschangedthewholeworld.A.havebeeninventedB.areinventedC.wereinventedD.inventedAC5.---Iwanttobeadoctor.---Doctors_____greatlyineverypartoftheworld,Ithink.A.needB.areneededC.areneedingD.willneed6.Thevillageisbuildingaschool.Ihopeit_____beforeAugustthisyear.A.finishesB.willfinishC.isfinishedD.willbefinishedBDcut

downpourpollutecollect/recyclesweepplantinthepastnowinthefuturemust

/can/shouldremovecleanbefore/pourputDiscussandwriteInthepast,theland___________,millionsoftrees__________anddirtywater_______________________.Butnowfactories_____________________________.Streetsarecleanerbecausethey________________.Moretrees________________inordertokeepourenvironmentclean.Pleaserememberrubbish________________.Somerubbishshould______________becauseit______________.Dirtywater___________beforeit___________intorivers.SoIbelieveChina___________________________inthefuture.waspollutedwerecutdownwaspouredintotheriverareremovedfromthecityaresweptbysweepersareplantedintothebinmustbeputshouldbecollected,

canberecycledwillbemoreandmorebeautifulmustbecleanedispoured四．幾種值得注意的被動語態變化．１帶復合賓語的被動語態結構．（１）makesb.dosth.

sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen

made

Jim

do

hishomeworkathome.Jim

wasmadetodo

hishomework

byMrGreen

athome.watchlethavehearseenotice(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….含有使役動詞和感官動詞的句子，變成被動語態的時候要記住：不定式符號"to"

主動語態"to"

省略，被動語態"to"回來Weoftenhear

themsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).雙賓結構，一般把表示人的間賓變為被動語態的主語。如果把表示物的直賓變為被動語態的主語時，要在賓語前加上to或for，是to還是for，要依據與它們搭配的動詞來定。Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruits

werebought

forhisfriendyesterday.Bob

sent

Kate

aletterlastyear.=Kate

wassent

aletter

byBoblastyear.=Aletter

wassent

toKate

byBoblastyear.sendbringwritegiveteachpasslend…toMummademeanewdress.Iwasmade

anewdressbyMum.Anewdress

wasmade

for

mebyMum.makebuydraw…forIboughtmybrotherabook.不及物動詞沒有被動語態，但后面加上介詞或副詞后，就變成了及物的短語動詞，就可以變為被動語態，不過要特別注意短語動詞中的介詞或副詞絕對不能丟失。注意:約翰打開了收音機。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandmatakescareofmysister.Mysisteristakencareof

byGrandma.注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.必背！動詞短語的被動語態takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafter如果是賓語從句變被動語態的話，只需要把主句變成被動即可Theysaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.類似的還有：

Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......WereportAnswerrightorwrong

1.必須照看好孩子們。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()2.這本書是魯迅寫的。ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWR4.這輛自行車能修嗎？Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5.街道已由他們清理了。Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWR1).不及物動詞沒有被動語態。

如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

不用被動語態的幾種情況：2。表示開始，結束，運動的動詞不用被動

如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

不用被動語態的幾種情況：3).反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態。

不用被動語態的幾種情況：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【誤】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

英語主動形式表被動意義幾種情況

英語中有時用動詞的主動形式表示被動意義。現總結如下：1.某些感官動詞，如look,feel,sound,taste,smell等常用主動形式表示被動意義。例如：Theflowersmellssweet.Thedishtastesdelicious.Theclothfeelsverysoft.2.某些動詞，如sell,wash,write,lock,shut,close,open,read,wear等，作不及物動詞時常用主動形式表示被動意義。此時往往有程度副詞出現尤其是有副詞well,easily例如：Hispenwritessmoothly.Thewindowwon’tshut.ThistypeofTVsetsellswell.

Thebooksellswell.(這本書銷路很好。)Thedoorwillnotopen.(這扇門就是打不開。)Thisdresswashesbetter.(這衣服較好洗。)Ripeapplespeeleasily.Theplayswon’tact.Nylondriesquickly.Thewoodwon’tburn.Waterheatsrapidly.

Thischeesedoesn’tcuteasily.It’stoosoft.Thisshirtwillwearverylong.3.beworth后動詞的主動形式表被動意義。例如：Thebookiswellworthreading.Thisfilmisworthseeing.4.need,want,require,deserve等動詞后用V-ing主動形式表被動意義。句中主語是V-ing實質上的賓語。用作V-ing形式的動詞若是不及物動詞，后應加相應的介詞。Theflowersneed/want/requirewatering.Theproblemrequiredpayingspecialattentionto.5.在therebe句型及with的復合結構中，可以用主動形式表被動意義。例如：Thereisnothingtoread.Thereisnothingtodonow.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Withsomuchworktodo,Marycannotbutstayathome.

Therearealotofworktodo/tobedone.Therearealotofworkforus

todo.6.有些形容詞后接不定式作狀語時，常用主動形式表被動意義。此類形容詞有easy,hard,difficult,cheap,expensive,fit,nice,good,funny,exciting,light,heavy,dangerous,comfortable,delicious等。動詞是不及物時要加相應的介詞。例如：Thefishisdelicioustoeat.Thegroundistoohardtodig.Thechairiscomfortabletositon.7.不定式作后置定語，與所修飾的詞有動賓關系，又與句中其它名詞或代詞有主位關系，這時不定式用主動形式表被動意義。不定式為不及物動詞時，其后應加相應的介詞。例如：Doyouhaveanythingtosay?Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.8.在“疑問代詞+不定式”結構中。如：Idon‘tknowwhattodonext.我不知道下一步該做什么。Shewilltellyouwhichbustotake.她會告訴你坐哪路公共汽車。Doyouknowwhotogowith?你知道跟誰去嗎？

1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned(變被動語態）3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthe

floor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebook

intime.Theticketwasfound

wastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.

wasmadetohave

canbe

used7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.

weweregiven

were

giventous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.

wasasked

isdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.

canbemended

mustbe

taken14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?

isstudiedIs

talked

bythemMorepracticeFillintheblankswiththegivenverbinitspropervoice.1.“Remember,Nobody_______(allow)toeatordrinkinthecomputerroom,”theassistantsaidtothenewstudents.2.Moremoney_________(spend)oneducationnextyear.3.YangpuBridge_______(build)in1993.

4.Alotofinformation___________(can/store)inthecomputer.5.Theclassroom_________(must/keep)clean.6.Where_______vegetables________(grow)lastyear?isallowedwillbespentcanbestoredmustbekeptweregrownwasbuilt練習：將下列句子變為被動句。

1.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.

2.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.

3.Wetookcareofthethings.4.Theygaveussomework.

5.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.

6.Mymotherbuysmeabike.

HisfatherislistenedtocarefullybyLiLei.Thebabywaslookedafterintheroom.Thethingsweretakencareofbyus.Weweregivensomework.Someworkwasgiventousbythem.Theyweremadetolaughallthetime.Iamboughtabikebymymother.練習一請把下列的主動句變為被動句（注意時態的一致）1Hewroteanarticlelastweek.Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.

2Thepeoplemakehistory.Historyismadebypeople.3DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChina?IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina?4Theydidn’tvisitthecitytwoyearsago.

Thecitywasn’tvisitedbythemtwoyearsago.5Wheredidyoumakethem?Whereweretheymadebyyou?6.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.7.Thenaughtyboybrokethewindowyesterday.Thewindowwasbrokenbythenaughtyboyyesterday.8.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.9.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.

ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismorning.10.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.

Twonovelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar.11.ZhengJieinventedthisimportantperson.

12.ThebikewasfixedupbyJimmy.變主動句13.Peopleusesunglassestoprotecttheireyes.14.Teachersallowstudentstoputuphandsin

class.This

importantperson.

wasinventedZhengJie.

JimmyfixedupthebikeSunglassesareusedtoprotecteyes.Studentsareallowedto

putuphandsinclass.15.Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.16.Lucyiswritingaletternow.AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow.17.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.Thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave.8.()Ifthework________,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished

9.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade______intheclassroom.

10()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow11()Ilikemybike.It________verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasriddenDBBA

9.()Kate_______theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadwrittenD.iswriting

A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayedC12.()—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessTom______,too.—YoumeanifTomcomes,you’llcome.14.()Thechildrenmust_______.

15.()Thewomanstilldoesn’tknowwhat_______inherhometown

DDBA.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited13.()EveryonewhoheardMr.Green’sstory___________it.A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatAA.happensB.happenedC.willhappenD.washappened

whileshewasaway.A.lookafterB.betakengoodcare

C.lookthesameD.betakengoodcareof16.()—Isawyouwereonfootthismorning.

—Yes.Mybike___________.

A.ismendingB.isbeingmended

C.ismendedD.isbeingmendingB

三.用適當的形式填空1Historyis_________bythepeople.(make)2Heisoften_______todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)3Thebook___________byhimlastyear.(write)4Theradio______________lastweek.(mend)5Sometrees____________onthehillthisspring.(plant)6Anewsubway__________(build)nextyear.7She___________(take)tothehospitalalready.8Thousandsofsatellites______________(send)upintothespacesofar.9Theysaidthey____________(invite)tothepartyalready.10Thetrains_________________(produce)inZhuzhou.11Youngtreesshould______________(water)often.madeaskedwaswrittenwasmendedhavebeenplantedwillbebuilthasbeentakenhavebeensenthadbeeninvitedar