高考英語語法學習指導：非謂語及時態與語態實例點撥高考英語語法時態與語態實例點撥一般現在時(經常、習慣、真理格言、時刻表、主將從現)do/doesam/is/aredone常搭配的時間狀語：always,often,usually,sometimes,attimes,onSaturdays,everyday,onceamonth,frequently,every+基數詞+可數名詞復數(每隔)翻譯：1.就像老話說的那樣，失敗是成功之母。Asthesayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.2.我們每兩周回家一次。Wegohomeeveryotherweek.3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡覺。Hegetsupat5：30everymorningandgotobedat10：00everynight.4.作業每天都做。(用被動語態)Homeworkisdoneeveryday.5.我們家附近有一家醫院，這對我們很必要。Thereisahospitalnearbywhichisnecessaryforus.6.我的航班于上午10點鐘起飛。Myflighttakesoffat10:00AM.7.如果你盡力的話你會成功的。Youllsucceedifyoutryyourbest.8.他一來我就告訴他這件事。補充：want,hope,plan,expect,intend,mean,suppose,think本身一般現在時后接不定式表示將來的含義9.我打算上一所重點大學。Iexpecttogotoakeyuniversity.做題法寶：一看主語定單復數、定語態，二看狀語或其他句子中的動詞定時態一、一般過去式didwas/weredone常搭配的時間狀語：yesterday,lastweek/month,ago,inthepast,in1980,inthe1980s,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday(不久前的一天),atthattime,laterthatday,onceuponatime,翻譯：1.我小學上了五年。Istudiedattheprimaryschoolforfiveyears.2.我半年前加入了這個俱樂部。Ijoinedtheclubhalfayearago.3.自從他加入到這個俱樂部已經半年了。IthasbeenhalfayearsinceIjoinedtheclub.4..他在拐角處停下把空瓶子扔進了垃圾箱。Hestoppedatthecorneranddroppedtheemptybottleintothedustbin.5.從1952年到1959年他在部隊當了7年兵。Heservedinthearmyfrom1952to1959forsevenyears.6.中國不再是它過去的樣子了。Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.7.過去，他寫了五部小說。Fivenovelswerewrittenbyhiminthepast.8.是時候努力學習了。Itshightimethatyouworkedhard.9.如果我是你的話，我會更努力學習Englishtec。IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharder.三、現在完成時(動作始于過去，持續到現在，并可能繼續下去)has/havedonehas/havebeendone常搭配的時間狀語：lately,recently,in/over/duringthepast/lastfewdays,thesedays,sofar,bynow,uptonow,tillnow,1.這是到這個學校以來，我出席的最重要的講座。ItisthemostimportantlecturethatIhaveattendedsinceIcametothisschool.2.到目前為止，Tom已經學了2000個英語單詞了。Sofar,Tomhaslearned2000Englishwords.3.她教英語有20年了。ShehastaughtEnglishfor20years.4.你去過倫敦嗎?HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?5.Sofar,progresshasbeen(be)verygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinished(finish)ontime.6.Ihaventfound(find)thebooktillnow.---Dontworry.Youmayhaveleftitathome.Hisfirstnovelhasreceived(receive)goodreviewssinceitcameout(出版、發行)lastmonth.Inthepastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshavebeenproduced(produce)allovertheworld.四、過去完成時haddonehadbeendone常搭配的時間狀語:bythen,untilthen,bythattime,before2000,bytheendoflastmonth,bythetimehewasten,過去完成時的用法：1.過去的過去;到過去某個時間為止的動作2.hardly/scarely(過完)when(一般過去)nosooner(過完)than(一般過去)表示剛就It/This/Thatwas+the序數詞time+that(過完)那是第幾次做hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等用于過去完成時時表示未實現的希望、打算或意圖，意為原本1.他說他在國外呆了3年了。Hesaidhehadbeenabroadfor3years.2.在我回家之前他已經離開了。HehadleftbeforeIgothome.3.到上個學期末，我已經學了3000歌單詞。Bytheendoflastterm,Ihadlearnt3000words.4.比賽剛剛開始就開始下雨了。Hardlyhadthegamebeganwhenitstartedtorain.5.那是他第三次犯同一個錯誤了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadmadethesamemistake.6.我本想幫你的，但當時太忙了。Ihadintendedtohelpyou,butIwastoobusy.五、現在進行時am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone現在進行時的用法：1.說話時或者現階段正在進行的動作;與always/continually/constantly/forever/allthetime連用表示反復出現或習慣性的動作，含有厭惡、贊賞、遺憾等情緒1.我們的朋友現在正在外邊等我們呢。Ourfriendsarewaitingforusoutside.2.她現在正在大學學英語。SheisstudyingEnglishincollege.3.我爸媽這周六要來看我。Heisalwaysthinkingofothersfirst.5.教學樓正在被建。Thebuildingisbeingbuiltnow.六、過去進行時was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone常用時間狀語：atthis/thattime+過去時間;atoclock+過去時間;fromto+過去時間;thosedays;justnow;lastnight1.昨天晚上9點鐘你在干什么呢?Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?2.那個男孩子正在寫作業的時候突然他爸爸進來了。Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamein.七、一般將來時willdowillbedone1.老師一來，我們就開始上課。Itdoesntmatter.Iwillgomyself.Lookattheclouds.Itisgoingtorain.TheyaretobemarriedinthisMay.(按計劃安排要發生的動作,非個人能隨意改變)Heistosucceed.(注定)TheQueenistovisitJapaninaweekstime.Thetrainisabouttoleave(leave).火車馬上就要離開。八、過去將來時woulddowouldbedone表示從過去某個時間看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態，有過去時間或動作作參照。Was/wereabouttodo.when該句型很少與表示將來的具體時間狀語連用，但可以和when引導的狀語連用。1.他說他會在車站等我們。Hesaidhewouldwaitforusatthebusstop.2.我正準備出門的時候我的一位老朋友來了。Iwastoabouttogooutwhenoneofmyoldfriendscame.九、將來進行時willbe+doingwillbebeingdone表將來某個時間正在發生的動作，或按計劃一定會發生的事情。明天這會我正在寫作業。Illbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow.十、將來完成時willhave+donewillhavebeendone表在將來某時刻之前業已完成的事情，時間狀語非常明顯。常用的時間狀語一般用by+將來的時間。如：bytheendofthisyear,by8o‘clockthisevening,byMarchnextyear以及由bythetime,before或when等引導的副詞從句。到下個月底，他就已經學了3000個單詞了。Bytheendofnextmonth,hewillhavelearnt3000words.高考英語語法非謂語學習指導1.語法單句填空引入范例：動詞ing(現在分詞)*MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.答案making動詞ed分詞(過去分詞)*RecentlythefatherhasfoundhissonincreasinglyattractedtotheInternetgames.句意：最近那位父親發現他的兒子越來越沉溺于網絡游戲。賓語hisson與attract為邏輯上的被動關系。動詞todo(不定式)Groupactivitieswillbeorganizedafterclass(help)childrendevelopteamspirit.(2014重慶，11)答案tohelp解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：將在課后組織各種團體活動以幫助兒童培養團隊精神。培養團隊精神是組織課外團體活動的目的。英語中表示目的時應當使用動詞不定式。其他情況(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong，Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.(2014福建，27)答案Havingspent解析考查非謂語動詞。花費和其邏輯主語Linda之間是主動關系，故用現在分詞;且動作發生在謂語動作之前，用現在分詞的完成式Time,used(use)correctly,ismoneyinthebank.(2012湖南)Havingspent(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.(14福建)Havingbeenshown(show)aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.(08陜西)Standing(stand)inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.(2012陜西)Tired(tire)andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.(09浙江)Thenextthinghesawwassmokerising(rise)frombehindthehouse.(2011全國I)Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetold(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.(2012山東)8.Thelecturehavingbeengiven(give),alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.(2014江蘇)Tofree(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.(2014湖南)Absorbed(absorb)inthebookshewasreading,Marydidntnoticemeapproaching.Ⅱ卷)Thoughlacking(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.14.Whilecrossing(cross)thestreet,youcantbetoocareful.Thewitnessesquestioned(question)bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdeionsofthefight.(2013陜西)Hisfirstbooktobepublished(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.(2010陜西)18.Volunteeringgivesyouachancetochange(change)lives,includingyourown.(2013北stores.(2002全國春)Thereisanotepinnedtothedoorsaying(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(2014山Withthegovernmentsaid,thoseaffected(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.(2009上海)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhadrepaired(repair)wentwrongagain.(1999上海)Tomwasexplainingtousandhewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood(understand).Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplanted(plant)aroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.Lost(lose)inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.(05江蘇)Astheoldsayinggoes,friendshipislikemoneyeasiermadethankept(keep).28.Whenshewasonhiswaybackhome,shehadherwalletstolen(steal)yesterday.29.Caught(catch)intheheavyrain,hewasallwet.Given(give)moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Dressed(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.32.Lost(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.Driven(drive)byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.Seen(see)fromthetopofhill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.35.Whentheygotthere,thegirlwasfoundbeaten(beat)blackandblue.36.Theclub,founded(found)25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.37.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogoodtobreathe(breathe).38.Iamnotaccustomedtobeingtreated(treat)likethis.39.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealreadylaid(lay)foramealtobecookedformsasmusicandpainting.2.語法單句改錯Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.(2014年遼understandHewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.(2014陜西)toteach3.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.(2013新課標全國)holdSheneverseemedcarewhattherestofusthoughtabouther.tocareItwasalessontousthatitwaspossiblegivewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.give6.Averymuchfamouswriteragreedtoreadingmystoryandgivemesomeadvice.read7.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,hadourbarbecue.(2014陜西)having8.Felthungry,webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedthefish.(2013陜西)FeelingFollowthisexplanation,therewasarapiddropinthenumberofreportedsightings.(2011遼寧)FollowingThird,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing.(2012大