xx化工大學(xué)xx學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）——外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文PAGEPAGE30外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文原稿DevelopmentofUsedCarMarketinChinaABSTRACTAlthoughstillinitsearlydevelopmentphase,rapidgrowthofautoownershiphasalsoinjectednewvitalityforusedcarmarketinChina.Underthesupportofseriespolicy,theusedcarmarketrevealsleapingdevelopmentcharacterwithqualifiedchanges.Itisessentialtounderstandthenewchangesintheusedcarmarket.ThispaperconductedresearchonthenewfeaturesofusedcarmarketinChinatopromoteitsdevelopment.Environmentanalysisshowedthatusedcarmarketwillbestronglyenhancedbythebloomingofautomarket,rapidGDPgrowthandpolicysupport,whichex-periencedsteadytradescaleincreaseandstructureoptimization.Theusedcartradeexperiencedsteadytradescalein-creaseandstructureoptimization.Alongwiththepurchasingpatternchanging,significantexpansionofthesecond-handcarmarketisimminent,evenwithhinderissuessuchaslackofintegrity,evaluationcriteriaandafter-servicesys-tem,andincompletepolicyandregulation.Severalnewfeatureswereidentified,strongpolicysupport,enlargingmar-ketscaleandirradiationloop,remarkableconcentrationincrease,increasedstatusofbrandusedcar,andenhancedtradingserviceplatformestablishment.ItisindicatedthatChina’susedcarmarketismakingtheshiftfromsubordinatepositiontooneofthedominantpositionsinautoindustry,whichisexpectedintoahighspeed,up-goingdevelopmentpassageinthefuture.Keywords:UsedCarMarket;Development;NewFeatures;China1.IntroductionWiththerapidsocialandeconomicaldevelopment,Chinahasbecomeoneofthemostimportantmarketsintheworldfortheautomotiveindustry.Inrecentyears,thescaleofChina’sautomotiveafter-salesservicemarketcontinuestoincrease[1].Analyzingfromthepolicy,market,developmentpotentialandotheraspects,theAnnualReportonAutomotiveIndustryinChina(2010)foundthat,inthe“TwelfthFive-Year”period,China’sautomotiveafter-salesservicemarketwillmaintainanannualgrowthrateofabout8percentbyaconservativeestimate,andreachuptoaboutRMB252.3billionYuanin2015[2].Contemporarily,therapidgrowthofautoownershiphasalsoinjectednewvitalityforsecond-handcarmarket.Thetradingvolumeoftheusedcarmarketrosefrom370thousandto4.33millionfrom2001to2011,withanan-nualincreasebeyond30%.Theaveragetradingrationbetweenusedcarandnewcaris0.24,whichindicatesthegrowingproportionofusedcarinautoindustry[3].Inrecentyears,suchoperatingmodelsasusedcarbrokers,usedcarauctionandusedcarreplacementhaveemergedinthemarketsuccessively.Thealterationoftradingmodelsprovidesnewenginesforthedevelop-mentoftheusedcarmarketinChina.Itisestimatedthatthetradevolumeratiobetweenusedandnewcarwouldreach1:1inthenexttenyears.However,China’susedcartrademarketisstillinlowproportionintheautoindustry,evenwithitsrapidgrowth.Accordingtotheexperienceofwesternad-vancedcountries,takingUSAasanexample,thebene-fitsfromusedcarsectoraccountsfor45%ofthewholeautoindustry,andtheaverageprofitfromoneusedcarisaround20%[4].Underthesupportofseriespolicy,theusedcarmarketrevealsleapingdevelopmentcharacterwithqualifiedchanges.From2000,China’susedcarmarketexperiencehighgrowth,andgraduallybecamethemajorpartoftheautoindustry.Theusedcarmarketalreadymadetheshiftfromthesubordinatepositiontooneofthedominantpo-sitionsintheautoindustry.Itisvitaltounderstandthenewchangesintheusedcarmarket.Thusthispaperconductedresearchonthenewenvironmentoftheusedcarmarket,probedintoitsnewfeatures,thustofurtherpromotethedevelopmentoftheusedcarmarketinChina.2.EnvironmentAnalysis2.1.AutoMarketStatusAnalysisDuetotherapiddevelopmentinautoindustry,China’sautomarketisbecomingthemostimportantareaforautotradeandmanufacture.FastexpandswasobservedinChina’sautoindustry.From2002to2011,autotradevolumerosefrom3.25millionto18.51billion,increase-ingalmost6times,with23.5%annualincrement,showninFigure1.Note(s):Redsectionrepresentspassengercar,yellowsectionrepresentscommercialcar,bluelinerepresentsincrementfortotalcartradevolume.Alongwiththegrowthinautotradevolume,carispopularizedinordinaryfamily.AccordingtothedatafromChinaAutomotiveIndustryAssociation,civilcarpopulationincreasedfrom18.02millionto93.5million,withaveragely17.4%incrementperyear,showninFig-ure2.Consequently,thecarvolumeperthousandpeoplegrewsteadilyinChina,from3.7to46.8in2001to2011,increased12.7times,showninFigure3.Accordingtotheautomarketdevelopment,China’sautomarketisinthemassivepopularizationstage.Inthestage,carvol-umewillkeepfastincreaseuntilthecarvolumeperthousandpeopleexceeds250.Usually,itwilllast10years.Duetotheregionaldifferenceinincome,popula-tion,economy,thisstagemaylastlongerinChina.Ex-pertsfromStateTherefore,theevergrowingcarvolumeduetothepopularizationstageofautomarket,willprovidemoreroomandsolidfoundationforusedcarmarketdevelop-mentinChina.Therefore,theevergrowingcarvolumeduetothepopularizationstageofautomarket,willprovidemoreroomandsolidfoundationforusedcarmarketdevelop-mentinChina.2.2.EconomyEnvironmentAnalysisDevelopmentofAutomarketispositivelyrelatedtoeconomydevelopmentandpeople’sincome[5].Asthebiggestpopulationintheworld,themarketpotentialisenormous.Recently,Chinaeconomykeepssteadyandfastincrease.RealGDPPerCapitalincreasedfrom1041$in2001to5432$in2011,with17.4%annualincrement,showninFigure4.Asresident’sincomelevelisthekeyfactorforautopopulation,thefastgrowthinincomewilltransferintohigherdemandincreaseinChinaautomarket,whichwillFigure1.Autotradevolumefrom2002to2011.Figure2.CivilcarpopulationinChinain2001-2011.Figure3.Carvolumeperthousandpeoplein2001-2011.Figure4.RealGDPpercapitalin2001-2011.enhancethedevelopmentofusedcarmarketinChina.Inarelativelylongperiod,theautoandusedcardemandwillkeepavigorousstage.TheState2.3.PolicyAnalysisApartfromconsumerdemand,severalgovernmentpoli-ciesandregulationshaveboostedtheused-carmarket.TheAdministrativeMeasuresonUsedCars,releasedin2005,aretheprimaryregulationgoverningtheused-carmarket.Themeasuresintroducedacompe-titionmechanismthatallowsOEM-authorizedautodealershipstorunused-carbusinesses.Themeasuresalsoregulatedifferentparties—includingtradingmar-kets,agentsandoperators—andstrengthenthead-ministrationoforganizationsthatappraisethevalueofusedcars.TheNoticeonUpgradingtheUsed-CarTradeMarketwasannouncedbytheministriesofCommerceandFinanceinJuly2009.Thecircularaimedtoimprovetheused-carindustry.Initially,thePRCgovernmentselected10provincesandmunicipalities—Beijing,Hubei,Jiangsu,Jiangxi,Liaoning,Shandong,Shang-hai,Shenzhen,TianjinandZhejiang—toreceivefis-calfundingtoconductpilotprogramsthatfocusedonthemanagementandinformationonused-cartransac-tionstoimprovetransparency.TheAutoIndustryRevitalizationPlan,releasedin2009bytheStateCouncil,callsfortheestablishmentofanationalappraisalandevaluationstandardssys-temandatemporaryownershipregistrationsystem.Theplanalsocallsforadjustingthevalue-addedtaxrateonusedcartransactionsandencouragesdealer-shipstoparticipateinvehiclereplacementprograms.TheTwelfthFive-YearPlanencouragedconsumertopurchaseenergysavingandenvironmentvehicle.Se-riesvehiclesubsidyandtaxreductiononlowemis-sionandnewenergyvehiclewereimplemented,whichhavedirectinfluenceonthefutureusedcarmarket.Therewouldbeincreaseinlowemissionandnewenergyusedcarinthefuture[7].3.CurrentStatusofUsedCarMarket3.1.TradeScaleKeptSteadyGrowthUsedcarmarketincreaseddramaticallyinChinafrom2001.Thetradevolumerosefrom0.37millionto4.79millionin2012,increasedby13times.Theaveragein-crementfrom2001to2012was29.9%(Figure5).Theratioforusedcarandnewcarincreasedfrom0.16to0.23,averagely0.24from2001to2011,nationwide(Figure6).Insomeadvancedarea,likeBeijing,theratioalreadyreached1:1in2011.Alongwiththeexpansionofnewcarmarket,usedcarmarketwasenhanced,cones-quently.Itisestimatedthatthetradeofusedcarandnewcarwillcometo1:1in10to15yearsinChina.Consequently,thetransactionmoneyforusedcartradeincreasedsteadily,whichrosefrom13.2BillionYuanin2001to263.6BillionYuanin2012.Theannualincre-mentwas33.7%(Figure7).TheproportionofusedcarFigure5.Usedcartradevolumefrom2001to2012.Figure6.Ratioofusedcarandnewcar.marketinautoindustryincreasedsteadily,withtheav-erageproportionof5.5%from2004to2010(Figure8)[7].Thegrowingusedcarmarketisbecomingthemostimportantpartofautoindustry,whichprovidethefoun-dationforleapingdevelopment.3.2.UsedCarTradeKeptOptimizedAfteryearsofrapiddevelopment,thetradestructureisoptimizing.Alongwiththetradevolumeincrease,salooncargraduallytookmajorproportioninusedcartrade.After2008,salooncaraccountformorethan50%ofusedcarmarketshare(Table2).Intheusedcarmarket,domesticbrandcarhadtheab-solutedominantposition,whichaccountsmorethan95%.Onthecarage,evenwithdecrease,usedcarin3-10yearsstilltooktheleadingposition,whichstillhad75%sharein2011.Tradeofusedcarbelow3-yearincreasedoverthelastfewyear,with18.74%sharein2011(Fig-ure9).ObviousregionaldifferencewasobservedinChina’susedcarmarket.AccordingtothestatisticsfromChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,usedcartradeconcen-tratedinthedevelopedarea,isshowninTable3.Thefirstfifthregionsaccountfor55.14%forusedcartradeinChina,whilethefirsttenthregionsaccountfor77.02%.However,slightdecreasewasobservedinthosedevelopedregions.Thiswasprobablyduetothehighlevelofusedcartradeinpreviousyearsalreadyreducedthemarketdemand.Forthelessdevelopedarea,rapiddevelopmentwasobserved.Evenwithlowmarketshare,automarketwasdrivenbythefasteconomygrowth.Thehugemarketpotentialwasreleased,thustheusedcartradeincreasedveryfast.Besidesthat,usedcartradewasmainlyinlocalarea.In2010,localregisteredusedcaraccountfor88.27%ofthetotalvolume.Thiswasduetothecomplexownershiptransferandregistrationprocedureforcrossregionaltransaction,andhighcost.Thishadsignificanteffectonrationalcirculationofusedcar.Figure7.Usedcartransactionmoneyfrom2001to2012.Figure8.Usedcartransactionmoneyfrom2001to2012.Figure9.Brandandyearfeatureforusedcarmarket.3.3.PurchasingPatternChangedAsamatteroffact,growthinthesecond-handcarmarketsurpassedthesalesgrowthofnewcars.Usedcargrewbyear20%involumetermsin2011,reachingover4.3million.Indeed,asthistrendintensifies,theusedcarsegmentwilloutstripthenewcarsegmentinabsolutetermsaswell.Morespecifically,giventhecurrenttrend,almost19millionusedcarsareexpectedtochangehandsin2017.Thattranslatesintoanimpressivecompoundedannualgrowthrateofover30%.OneimportantreasonforthischangeisthepurchasingpatternofChineseconsumers.Onaverage,60%ofChi-nesecarownersreplacetheircarseverythreeyears–muchmorefrequentthanothernationalcarmarkets.Thisdispositionismoreapparentinthehigh-endsegment.Here,automobileturnoverisparticularlystrongduetofast-changingdemandsfromwealthyindividualsandapurchasepatternthatcloselycorrelateswiththeirbusi-nesses’profitability.Carsthathavebarelybeenusedenterthesecond-handautomarket,attractingnewbuyersintheprocess.Moreover,consumerattitudesarechanging.Frombe-ingviewedasmerestatussymbols,carsarenowin-creasinglybeingboughtforreasonsoffunctionalityandtransportation.Additionally,asmostpeoplecurrentlybuycarsfortheirfirsttime,theywillnotbeaswillingtospendafortuneonanewcar.Especiallyasgovernmentpoliciesarenowhelpingcarpenetrationdeepenandspreadtoruralareasandlower-tiercitiesinChina,whereanestimated700millionpeopleliveandpurchasingpowerismuchweaker.So,second-handcarsarebecom-ingviableanddesirableoptionsforanincreasingnumberofChinese.WiththeincreasedsupplyofusedcarstotheautomarketandtheChinesebecomingmorecomfortablewiththeideaofsecond-handcarpurchases,thissegmentissettogrowsubstantiallyinthecomingyears.Althoughtherearesomeconcerns,suchasabsenceoftrustbetweenbuyerandseller,asthemarketbecomesmoreestablishedandformalizedthroughauthorizeddealerships,thisproblemwilllikelydiminishinthefuture.Anddespitegovernmentalpoliciesthatlargelyblocksecond-handcarsfromfirst-tiercitymarkets,theyaremoreattractiveoptionsforChineselivinginotherareas,especiallyinpoorer,ruralareasandlower-tiercities.So,significantexpansionofthesecond-handcarmarketisimminentandthiscreatesmanyopportunitiesforusedcartradeandrelatedcompanies[8].4.NewFeaturesofUsedCarMarket4.1.IssuesofUsedCarMarketAsoneoftheimportantpartsofautomarket,usedcarmarketkept20%-30%increaseannually.However,theusedcarmarketisstillinthepreliminarystage,com-paredtotheadvancedmarketinwesterncountries.Sev-eraldominantissueswereasfollows.First,lackofintegrityinusedcarmarket.ThelackoftrustbetweenbuyerandsellercurrentlyremainsahugeproblemimpedingtheusedcarmarketinChina.Chineseconsumers,havefewresourcestohelpthemunderstandthevalueofoldervehicles.Usedcarbrokeroftenmakestrapsforconsumerforhighprofit.Therearequality,priceandlegalriskforconsumers.Andfewmechanicsareexperiencedenoughtovaluecarsindependently.Duetothelackoftrust,manypotentialusedcardemandscannottransferintorealmarketdemand.Someforeignautomakersarehopingtoaddressthisproblembysettingupprogramstosellcertifiedpre-ownedcarswithwar-ranteeprotection.Astheusedcarmarketcontinuestoevolve,thisissuewouldbesolved.Second,lackofusedcarevaluationcriteria.Currently,therewasnosystematicusedcarvalueassessmentcrite-riaandresidualvaluereleasingsystem.Onthenationalside,noruleproclaimedforusedcarevaluationandvalueassessment.Inpracticalusedcartrade,carevalua-tionismostlysubjectiveevaluation,onlyfewcompanieshavespecializedequipment.Thustheevaluationresultdependsontheexperienceandresponsibilityofestimator,whichweakenthefairnessandrationality.Whenresidualvalueassessment,simpleaveragelifespandepreciationwereused,withoutrationalbasisandreference,whichreducethefairnessofvaluemeasurement.Third,lackofafter-sellservicesystems.Theusedcarmarketonlyhadthefunctionforindustryandcommer-cialbureauverification,andregistration,didnothaveessentialservicefunction,facilityandservicemethod.Onepackageservicehasbeenprovidedinnewcarmar-ket,butnotinusedcarmarket.Thisisfarmorebehindadvancedcountries.Duetothelackofproperservicesystem,theconfidenceofconsumerwasaffected,andtheexpansionofusedcarmarketwasrestricted.Fourth,incompletepoliciesandregulationsforusedcarmarket.AccessrestrictionisquitelowinChina,whichresultinlowtechnicalability,poormanagementandirregulartransaction,andweakenconsumer’sconfi-dence.Thetaxdifferencefordifferenttradebodiesforbroker(0%),company(2%),auction(4%),andtrademarket(0%),resultinchaosandunfairnessinusedcarmarket[8,9].Thereisnosystematicusedcarevaluationandassessmentcriteria.Theirrationalandsubjectevalu-ationandassessmentresultfromdifferentpersonnelre-ducedtherealindicationoncarrealvalue,whichrestrictthemarketdevelopment.Arationalevaluationsystemshouldbeestablishednation-wide.4.2.NewFeatureofUsedCarMarketinChina1)StrongpolicysupportforupperdevelopmentInrecentyears,policysupportisthemostimportantboosterforusedcarmarket.Seriesdirectorindirectpol-icyhasbeenreleased,andfacilitateanfavorableenvi-ronmentforusedcarmarket.Encouragingusedcarmar-ketdevelopmenthasbeenplacedingovernmentworkreportandplan,whichconfirmedthebasicmacro-policydirection.Thepolicysupporthasbeendirectlyputintopracticeontheusedcartrademarket,whichalreadymakestheshiftfromoutsideenvironmentsupporttodirectfosteringonusedcartrademarket.ThemostimportantoneistheDemonstrationProjectofUsedCarTradeMarketUp-gradingandReconstruction.TheprojectwasexecutedbytheMinistryofCommerceandFinance.40usedcartrademarketswereincludedintenprovinces.Theemphasiswasonthemarketenvironmentandservicefacility,andmanagementsystem.Seriestechnicalandoperationalsupportswereprovidebythegovernment.Informationtechnologywaswidelyusedtopromotenationalinfor-mationinterconnectionandinteraction,thustobuildthefoundationonnationalmarketandcirculation.Theapplicationofthesepolicies,werenotonlythesupportfromgovernment,butalsotheconcepteducationforthewholeusedcartradeandcirculationindustry.Theaimwastoreformandupgradethemodeofusedcartrade,enforcescaleoperation,andpromotecross-re-gionalusedcartransaction[8,10].2)ExpansionofmarketscaleandirradiationloopAfterseveralyearsofdevelopment,theusedcarmar-ketinthekeycitiesasthecoreisbecomingthebasictrenddirectionforthenationwideintegratedmarket.DuetotheregionaldiscrepancyinChinausedcarmarketthroughouttheprovinces,thegradientdifferenceinusedcarconsumercanbeachievedforthemarketdevelop-ment.Thiswasconfirmedbytheexperienceindevel-opedcountries.Thefirstpriorityistotakingadvantageofradiationandleadingroleofcorecities,toformregionalusedcarmarket.Withthemarketdevelopment,theseamlessconnectionbetweenregionalmarketcanbeachieved.Then,theusedcartransfergradientcanbeestablishedfromdevelopedareatolessdevelopedarea,thustoformtheunifiednationalmarket.Theusedcarinthedevelopedareaistransferringtothelessdevelopedarea,alongwiththedemandchangingfromnewly-increasedtorenew.ThiswillbeoneofthemostimportantfeaturesforChina’susedcarmarket.3)RemarkableconcentrationincreaseinusedcartradeAccordingtotheexperienceinusedcarmarketinde-velopedcountries,large-scaleusedcartradeisalwaysaccompanywiththearisinganddevelopingofwholesale.ForChina’smarket,theusedcarwholesalemainlytoauctionisgraduallyarising,whichwillbeoneoftheimportantsymboloflarge-scalemarketdevelopment.Theadvancedwholesalebusinessprovidesstrongsup-portforthelarge-scaleusedcartrade.Itisthefoundationforcrossregionalusedcartransaction,andoperationefficiencyimprovement.Thustheoperationaltransfercostcanbereduced,andimprovethecomparativead-vantageinusedcarprice,topromoteusedcarconsump-tion.Itisessentialtohavegradientdistributionofnewcarandusedcar,toenhancethematurityofChina’sautomarket.Fundamentalchangeswilltakeplaceinthetraditionalsmallworkshopoperationmode.Usedcarbrokercom-panywithcertainscaleandwithabilityforcrossregionaltransactionwillariseinthemarket,andlarge-scaleusedcartradegroupwillalsogrow.Thesmallscalebrokerwillbeforcedtoquitthemarket.Thus,theobsessedis-suecharacterizedinsmall,scatteredanddisorderedusedcartradewillbesolved.Alongwiththechange,professionaldivisionwillbeenhancedfortheusedcarservicecompanies.Integratedusedcarcompanywillbereplacedbyspecializedpur-chasingcompany,wholesalecompanyandretailcom-pany.Morespecializedserviceandtradecompanywillarise,suchasauctioncompany,third-partydetectionservicecompany,evaluationandassessmentcompanyandsoon[11].4)ImportantroleofbrandusedcarBrandusedcarfromcarmanufacturestartedfrom2004.Andgreatdevelopmenthastakenplaceinthere-centyears.Mostofthecarmanufacturesinitiatedtheirstrategyandusedcartrademarkinthebrandusedcar,suchasChengxin,AnjifromSAICMotor,CertifiedusedcarfromFAW-Volkswagen,AnxinfromFAWTOY-OTAMotor,AAAfromFAWAudi,andXiyueusedcarfromGACHONDA,andsoon.Replacementofusedcarisbecomingthemainmodeforbrandusedcar.Competitionamongdifferentusedcarbrandswentdeep.Therearearound1000autodealerinvolvedintheusedcarreplacement.As4Sshopisgraduallybecomingthemainbrandusedcarsourceandtradingplace,theadvantageofdealershipismoreandmoreobvious.Onthebasisofadvantageinbrandinflu-enceand,maintenanceandservice,brandusedcarwillbethemajorproportionofusedcarmarket[12].5)TradingserviceplatformestablishmentwillbethemaincontentofusedcarmarketUndercurrentcircumstance,tradingserviceplatformestablishmentisquiteessentialfortheusedcarmarketinChina.Usedcartraderelatedtesting,evaluation,assess-mentandotherservicecanbeprovidedintheplatformforbothindividualtraderanddealer.Thisplatformin-cludesreplaceplatformbetweennewandusedcars,ser-viceplatformamongmanufactures,andallianceplatformamongtrademarketnationwide[10].Serviceplatformisrequiredtojointnewcarandusedcartradeservice,duetothereplacebusinessmajoredusedcartradeinChina.Brandusedcarrelyontheplat-formtoachievereplacementbusinessandinternalre-sourceinterchangeamong4sshops.Dealershipcanusetheplatformtoenforceusedcarsourceintegrationandcross-regionaltransaction.Forprofessional,large-scaleandregionaldemand,traditionaltrademarketandbrokeralsoneedthisplatform.Derivedserviceslikefinanceandinsurancealsorelyontheplatformtobusinessdevelop-ment.5.ConclusionsEnvironmentanalysisshowedthatusedcarmarketwillbestronglyenhancedbythebloomingofautomarket,rapidGDPgrowthandpolicysupport.Theusedcartradeexperiencedasteadytradescaleincreaseandstructureoptimization.Alongwiththepurchasingpatternchang-ing,significantexpansionofthesecond-handcarmarketisimminent,evenwithhinderissuessuchaslackofin-tegrity,evaluationcriteriaandafter-servicesystem,andincompletepolicyandregulation.ThenewfeaturesofChina’susedcarmarketwereidentified.First,strongpolicysupportwillpromoteitsupperdevelopment.Second,bothmarketscaleandmar-ketirradiationloopwillenlarge.Third,therewillbere-markableconcentrationincreaseinusedcartrade.Four,brandusedcarwillgraduallytakeanimportantrole.Fi-nally,tradingserviceplatformestablishmentwillbethemaincontentoftheusedcarmarket.Themarketfeatureindicatedthatamajorturningpointwastakingplace,whichshowedthatChina’susedcarmarketismakingtheshiftfromthesubordinatepositiontooneofthedomi-nantpositionsintheautoindustry.China’susedcarmarketisexpectedintoahighspeed,up-goingdevelop-mentpassage.6.AcknowledgementsThisworkissponsoredbythe12ndFive-yearSupportPrograminShanghaiUniversityofEngineeringScience(2012-09-nhky)andShanghaiAutomotiveEducationalFoundationProject“Usedcarbusinessmoderesearchundernewmarketcircumstance”.REFERENCES【1】A.D.Little,“China’sAutomotiveMarket,”AutomotiveViewpoint,2011.【2】ChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,“2010ChinaAutoMarketYearbook,”ChinaCommercialPublishingHouse,Beijing,2010.【3】ChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,“2012ChinaAutoMarketYearbook,”ChinaCommercialPublishingHouse,Beijing,2012.【4】X.B.Sun,“ContributionofUsed-CarBusinessforOEMandImplementStrategy,”MBAThesis,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,Shanghai,2011.【5】X.C.Li,“EffectofRealGDPperCapitalonPrivateCarDemand,”SpecialZoneEconomy,Vol.1,2010,pp.284-285.【6】StateInformationCenterandNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,“ForecastofChina’sAutoMarketin2012,”ChinaMachinePress,Beijing,2012.【7】ChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,“2011ChinaUsedCarIndustryDevelopmentReport,”Beijing,2011.【8】IPSOSinChina,“RelatedPolicyAnalysisonUsedCarMarketStandardizationandPromotionDevelopment,”ChinaMotor,No.2,2011,pp.32-35.【9】ChinaAutomobileDealersAssociation,“2011ChinaAutoMarketYearbook,”ChinaCommercialPublishingHouse,Beijing,2011.【10】Z.Y.Luan,“ResearchontheCurrentChinaUsedCarBrandMarketingModel,”MasterThesis,JilinUniversity,Changchun,2011.【11】H.ZhangandA.W.Zheng,“CurrentSituationAnalysisandDevelopmentStrategyofChina’sUsedCarMarket,”AutoIndustryResearch,No.7,2012,pp.10-13.【12】IndustryEconomyDivisioninDevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncil,ChinaAssociationofAuto-mobileManufactures,ShanghaiVW,“2012DevelopmentReportonChina’sAutoIndustry,”SocialScienceAcademicPress,Beijing,2012.From：YaliYang,HaoChen*,RuopingZhangCollegeofAutomotiveEngineering,ShanghaiUniversityofEngineeringScience,Shanghai,ReceivedApril25,2013;revisedMay25,2013;acceptedJune15,2013譯文中國(guó)二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展摘要盡管目前仍處于早期發(fā)展階段,在中國(guó)迅速增長(zhǎng)的汽車(chē)所有權(quán)數(shù)量也為二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)注入了新的市場(chǎng)活力。在一系列的政策支持下，二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)在合理的轉(zhuǎn)變下顯現(xiàn)出跨越式發(fā)展。其精華所在就是理解二手車(chē)的新變化。這篇文章主要研究的是二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)在中國(guó)的新功能以及如何去促進(jìn)它的發(fā)展。環(huán)境分析表明二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)將會(huì)通過(guò)井噴式的汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)獲得強(qiáng)有力的擴(kuò)大，GDP的快速增長(zhǎng)以及政策支持，經(jīng)理穩(wěn)定的貿(mào)易形勢(shì)增長(zhǎng)以及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。伴隨著購(gòu)買(mǎi)模式的改變，意味著二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)的擴(kuò)大正是迫在眉睫，即便存在有諸如缺乏完好性、評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及售后服務(wù)系統(tǒng)和不完善的政策和管理。有數(shù)個(gè)新的功能被認(rèn)知，政策強(qiáng)力的支持，擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)規(guī)模并形成產(chǎn)業(yè)輻射區(qū)，環(huán)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)密度增加，那個(gè)價(jià)二手車(chē)品牌的使用地位，并且擴(kuò)建二手車(chē)貿(mào)易平臺(tái)公司這也意味著中國(guó)的二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)正在從附屬地位向主導(dǎo)地位產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變，其被預(yù)估在未來(lái)將步入高速發(fā)展通道。關(guān)鍵詞:二手車(chē)市場(chǎng);發(fā)展;新特性;中國(guó)1.簡(jiǎn)介隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)已成為世界上最重要的汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)之一。在最近幾年，中國(guó)的汽車(chē)售后服務(wù)市場(chǎng)開(kāi)始擴(kuò)大，從政策，市場(chǎng)行情，發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ确矫鎭?lái)看，中國(guó)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)行業(yè)年度報(bào)表顯示，在十二五期間，保守估計(jì)中國(guó)汽車(chē)售后服務(wù)市場(chǎng)年增長(zhǎng)率將保持在百分之八左右，并且在2015年將達(dá)到大約2523億元。目前來(lái)看，新車(chē)擁有權(quán)數(shù)量在快速增長(zhǎng)，這同樣為二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)注入了新的活力。從2001到2011年二手車(chē)交易量從37萬(wàn)增長(zhǎng)到433萬(wàn)，其中一年增長(zhǎng)率超過(guò)了百分之30。二手車(chē)和新車(chē)的平均貿(mào)易分配是0.2