topaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameForsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They’retryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionaystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-aid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanyNeed-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus(異口同聲)ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.DavidLaird,oftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatinngso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption(豁免)fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtoawaybyAcomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhas esopopularwithefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavetodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedThat’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tntodropmeritaid“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’sviceforenrollment.EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment(捐贈),meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemfor efamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.“Yeah,we’reyingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthe epeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedMerit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandicmeritscholarships.Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtomendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationAthleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents. mendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbesticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenicarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforicmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitportfolio(選輯)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoraofthemdancing.Withmoreandmore estudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedrevisingtheirfinancialaidincreasingtheamountoffinancialchangingtheiradmissionWhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsIttriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidItadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidItphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsItcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedyThechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto improveteaching B)boosttheirC)attractgood D)increasetheirMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsitgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicit’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsit’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordtheInrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto ernmentfundingtofiercecompetitionamongtheincreasingnumberoftopschools’improvedfinancialWhatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidTheywouldliketoseeitTheyregarditasanecessaryTheythinkitdoesmoreharmthanTheyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classWhydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegentodropmeritaidRaisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classWith es,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedManystudents efamilieshavecometorelyon eshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedAnnualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneeda mendationfromacoachorarefereewho theirexceptionalathleticperformance.Applicantsforicmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshow inaparticularicPartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthebestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughtheQuestions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustGetsomesmall B)FindashopC)Cashacheckatabank. D)Findaparkingmeter.A)Shopwithhis B)BuyingagiftforaC)Promotinganewproduct. D)Bargainingwithasalesgirl. B)EnhancingC)Mendingcameras. D)Paintingpictures.HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasHecanprovidelittleusefulHewillshowthewomanaroundHewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.Heisrather B)HeishighlyC)Hecan’tfaceuptothesituation D)Heknowshisownlimitation.ShemusthavepaidaSheisknowntohaveaterrificHergymexercisehasyieldedgoodHerefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.FemalestudentsareunfitforstudyingHecanserveasthewoman’sPhysicsisanimportantcourseatTheprofessor’ssuggestionisconstructive. B) C) D)Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustHeprefersthesmallereveningHehassignedupforadayHehastoworkduringtheHefindstheeveningcoursecheaper.LearnacomputerLearndataBuysomecomputerBuyafewcoursebooks.Thursdayevening,from7:00toFromSeptember1toNewYear’sEveryMonday,lastingfor12Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal.WhattobringforWheretoattendtheHowhecangettoFrostWhetherhecanuseaQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustAtraining B)AtradingC)Aprofessionalmanager. D)Afinancialtrader.Hecansaveonliving B)HeconsiderscookingC)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood. D)Hethinkstake-awayistasess.Itissomething B)ItisfrustratingC)Ittakespatienceto D)ItcanbeagoodSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustTherewerenonetswithoutTherewasnoairorwateronLifewasnotpossibleinouterThemysteryoflifecouldnotberesolved.IthasanumberofactiveIthasanatmosphereliketheIthasalargeoceanunderitsIthasdeepcavesseverallong.LightisnotanessentialelementtoLifecanforminveryhotEveryformoflifeundergoesOxygenisnotneededforsomelifePassageQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustWhethertheyshouldtakethechildWhatDr.Mayer’sinstructionsexactlyWhoshouldtakecareofthechildatWhenthechildwouldcompleyrecover.SheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswheninShemakesthemwritedownallherShehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoatSheasksthemtorepeatwhattheyaresupposedtodo.ItlacksthestabilityoftheprintedItcontainsmany ticalItisheavilydependentontheItfacilitatesPassageQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustJobGoodlabourChallengingAttractivewagesandbenefits.ManytediousjobscontinuetobedoneMoreandmoreunskilledworkerswillloseComputerswillchangethenatureofmanyBoringjobswillgraduallybemadeenjoyable.OfferthemchancesofImprovetheirworkingEncouragethemtocompetewitheachGivethemresponsibilitiesaspartofateam.TheywillnotbringrealbenefitstotheTheyconcernasmallnumberofpeopleTheyarearbitrarilysetbytheTheyarebeyondthecontrolofordinarySectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe(36) intothreetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andFactualwritingprovides(37) informationonanauthor,composer,ororonatypeofmusic,liture,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor(38) coverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39) course.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40) foryourstudyofthehumanities.Asitsname(41) ,descriptivewritingsimplydescribes,orprovides(42) of,apieceofmusic,art,orliture.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanusedinapaintingorthe(43) acomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesorsoundsinthereader’smindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44) Processwritingexinsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult. .Thiskindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanarthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46) PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingInfamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild’slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.Researchers 92familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablish e,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.Whenthechildrenwere2,researcherstapedthemathomein-ysessionswithbothparents,48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentalPsychology.Thescientistsmeasuredthe49numberofutnce(話語)oftheparents,thenumberofdifferentwordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesand50oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutncesorproportionofquestionsasked.Finally,theresearchers thechildren’sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Theonlypredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother’slevelofeducation,the52ofchildcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.Theresearchersare53whythefather’sspeech,andnotthemother’s,hadaneffect.“It’swell54thatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad55hadastronginfluenceontheirchildren’sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,“oritmaybethatmothersare56inawaywedidn’tmeasureinthestudy.”A)C)D)E)G)H)I)K)L)M)O)SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingThroughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedontheialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso,butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMiceObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld’sattention.Andthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseand alwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,overedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallwomenareviewed,includingMiceObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimpletobeherself.Itwon’tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Micewillrepresentusall.Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLadyManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMicebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Micewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉著),confidenceandinligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartooWhydoesMiceObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheSheservesasarolemodelforAfricanShepossessesmanyadmirable ingaFirstShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-AmericanShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-AmericanWhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-AmericanwomenaccordingtotheTheyarevictimsofTheyareofaninferiorTheyusequitealotofbodyTheyliveoncharityandsocialWhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanswriteaboutintheirWhetherMicecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherHowMiceshouldbehaveasapublicHowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteWhatMiceshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMiceObamaasaFirstHowevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainSheshouldn’tdisappointtheAfrican-AmericanHoweverhardshetries,shecan’texpecttopleaseShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen’sWhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMiceObamawillHelpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackHelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingOutshinepreviousFirstFullydisyherfinePassageQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingWhennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface;AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教務長)ofYale,who’ll eOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequivalenttouniversityinAmerica.Hamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc,havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducation eabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-level neltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanew,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestateernment,asourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardultimaypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活動家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitys:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentonernmentfunding.But ernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber.Thedeclinein ernmentsupporthasmadefunding-raisinganincreasingnecessaryabilityamongadministratorsandhashiringcommitteesforInthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition.”Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindofpromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshonestablishedpractices.WhatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedintheInstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheAlotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasAmericanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalUniversitysarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-levelThepoliticalTheirabilitytoraiseTheirfameinacademicTheiradministrativeWhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromtheThetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingTheiroperationisunder ernmentTheyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyMostoftheirrevenuescomefrom CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause shewasknowntobegoodatraisingshecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithsheknewhowtoattractstudentsshehadboostedYale’sacademicInwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversityTheycanenhancetheuniversity’sTheywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalTheywillviewalotofthingsfromanewTheycansetupnewacademicPartⅤCloze(15Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthanbeafinancialburden,accordingtoanewstudyonpopulationpublishedrecently.Thecurrentpeopleapproachwhich67onyoungerpeopleandonskillsforemploymentisnot68tomeetthechallengesofdemographic(人口結構的change,itsays.Only1%oftheeducationbudgetis69spentontheoldestthirdofthepopulation.The70includethefactthatmostpeoplecanexpecttospendathirdoftheirlivesin71,thattherearenowmorepeopleover59thanunder16andthat11.3millionpeopleare72statepensionage.“73needstocontinuethroughoutlife.Ourhistoricconcentrationofattentionandresources74youngpeoplecannotmeetthenew75,”saysthereport’sauthor,ProfessorStephenThemajor76ofoureducationbudgetisspentonpeoplebelowtheageof25.77peoplearechangingtheirjobs,78,partnersandlifestylesmoreoftenthan79,theyneedopportunitiestolearnateveryage80,somepeoplearestartingnewcareersintheir50sandlater.Peopleneedopportunitiestomakea“midlifereview”to81tothestageofemployedlife,andtonforthetransition(過渡) whichmaynowhappen atanypointfrom50toover90,saysMcNair.Andthereshouldbemore tosupportpeopleinestablishing ofidentityandfindingconstructive forthe“thirdage”,the20ormoreyearstheywillspendinhealthyretiredlife.67.A)B)C)D)68.A)B)C)D)69.A)B)C)D)70.A)B)C)D)71.A)B)C)D)72.A)B)C)D)73.A)B)C)D)74.A)B)C)D)75.A)B)C)D)76.A)B)C)D)77.A)B)C)D)78.A)B)C)D)79.A)B)C)D)80.A)ForB)ByC)InD)On81.A)B)C)D)82.A)B)C)D)83.A)B)C)D)84.A)B)C)D)85.A)B)C)D)86.A)B)C)D)PartVITranslation(5Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishthegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou (去做Despitethehardshipheencountered,Marknever Scientistsagreethatitwillbealongtime Productionhastobeincreasedconsiderablyto (不斷增長的需求保持同步Themoreexerciseyoutake, 2009年12月大四級考試答案詳PartⅠ本次四級作文為“綠色校園，這是一個看似簡單普通的話題，寫起來假如對“綠色校園”這一感到難以把握，考生可以從作文提綱入手進行分析2，可以看出此處的礎上，考生還應對“綠色校園”的重要性進行剖析，這時，考生可以從多個角自，大概十句話，基本的分布為首段、末段合起來五句或六句，中間段五句CreatingaGreenRecently,withtheideaofmakingandmaintaining“agreenearth”beingthefocusofthesociety,“greencampus”has eamoreandmorepopularconceptinuniversitiesorcolleges,which,undoubtedly,willbringusanever-lastingbenefittobothourcampusandoursociety.Theconceptof“greencampus”doesnotonlymeanagreenenvironmentbutalsoreferstoanenvironmentalsenseinpeople’smind.Campusysacrucialroleineducatingtheyounggenerationandtheconsciousnessof“greencampus”willdefiniyproduceaprofoundeffectonstudents’variousenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesaftertheirgraduation.What’smore,theyounggenerationisundertheburdenofsevereenvironmentalpollutionandtherearemanyproblemswaitingforthemtosolve.Tomake“greencampus”cometrue,firstly,itisnecessarytoworkouteffectiveprinciplesforthedevelopmentofsustainableandrecyclablecampus.Secondly,callsforpeople’sawarenessoftheseriouspollutionaroundusandactualactiontoreducethewaste.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetiesbetweencampusandsociety,soastoensurethat“greencampus”canworksmoothlywiththeco-effortofthewholesociety.多問題們去解決。“范文以“綠色校園”開篇，保證了文章切題。第一段開門見山，強調環綠色校園”不僅指校園中的綠化，還指校園中的人們的綠色和環保“maintain保持;concept概念;profound長遠的;sustainable可持續的;recyclable可循環的。【豐富的短語】bringbenefitto帶來利益;yacrucialrolein發揮關鍵作用;undertheburdenof在……重負下;cometrue實現;callfor要求。有很大關系。剛剛閉幕的世界氣候大會使環保減排這個成為焦點，應直截了當，使閱卷老師對文章一目了然正確拼寫詞性及詞義錯誤的拼寫focusn.焦點effectn.effectionenvironmentn.envirment/invironmentburdenn.負擔burdonsolvev.seriousa.seroustruea.真的turesocietyn.soceitytheoryn.理論thery匯。畢竟，無錯表達才是四級語言表達合格的。realize→beawareofWe’dbetterbeawareoftheseriousnessofpollutionaroundus.我們最好意識keeppreserveItisnecessarytoeducatethestudentstobeconsciousoftheimportancetopreservetheenvironment.有必要教育學生保護環境的重要性。lead→conductThiswillhelpconducttheactivitiesofthecollegestudents.這有助于引導大學Theideaof“agreencampusisbeyondagreenenvironment.“綠色校園”Theconstructionof“agreencampuswillgreatlystimulatestudentstotakepartinvariousenvironmentalprotectionactivities.建設“綠色校園”將會極大激勵Tobring“agreencampus”toitsfully,effectivemeasuresshouldbeCampusconstructionisofvitalimportancenotonlytothephysicaldevelopmentofstudentsbuttotheirmentalhealthaswell.校園建設不僅對學生的Thereislittledoubtthatfurtherconsiderationmustbepaidtoourgreencampus.，對于綠色校園應該給與的思考。devastationn.毀 disastrousa.損失慘重doomv.厄運， existencen.存在，生活healthfula.健康 messya.骯臟的，凌亂participationn.，參 preservev.保存，保preventivea.預防性 purifyv.澄清，凈stimulationn.激勵鼓舞 arouseconsciousness喚起意識本次作文難度適中，與之前考試中出現的“限塑”有千絲萬縷的聯系。如本文綠色校園可以采用多種表達greencampus和environmental-friendlycampus;create，buildup，establishconstruct等，。了對分析的重要意義地立足，總結規律，切實提高自己語言。PartⅡReadingComprehension(Skimmingandaidn.①幫助，②助手v.幫助，【用】financialaid經濟;meritaid/Merit-based獎學金;need-basedaid助學金或經濟資助;foreignaid外援對外;hearingaid助;aidsandappliances用具，設備【搭】inaidto用來幫助，起……作用;leadone’said(to)，給予幫助;inaidof作為……之用【拓】aidancen.協助，幫助;aidanta.幫助的jectv.n.【用】ProjectHope希望工程;projectmanager項目經理;projectn項目規劃;projectbudget項目預算，工程預算【拓】projectionn.突出，發射;projectinga.selectivea.【用】selectiveysis重點分析;selectivebreeding選擇育種，選擇性繁殖【拓】selectv.a.精選的;selectionn.選擇，挑選，選集packagen.包裹;a.【用】packagedesign包裝設計;packageagreement一攬子安排，一攬子方案;packageholiday(旅行社安排一切的)一攬子旅游;packagetour包辦旅行(路線、);packageprogrampackn.v.包裝，壓緊;packageda.袋裝的;packagern.打包機rankinga.頭等的;n.【用】rankinglist;rankingmethod等級法，排序【拓】rankn.等級;隊列;v.grantv.;n.enrolv.登記，入學，參軍，【搭】enrolin選課，參加【拓】enrollmentn.登記，入伍;enrolleen.入學eliminatev.【用】eliminateillicy掃盲;eliminatepoverty消除貧困;eliminatenoise消eliminate是指把已進入者從中排除;excludev.指把想進入者拒qualifyv.使具有資格，證明……合格【用】qualifyingexamination資格考試，初試;qualifyingcompetition預選賽，資格賽【搭】qualifyas取得……資格，作為……合適;qualifyfor有……的資格，合格【拓】qualifieda.有資格的，excelv.n.計算機]