Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod3DiscoveringUsefulStructures定語從句2TheAttributiveClause定語從句之關系代詞學習目標：1.定語從句的特殊用法。2.定語從句中關系代詞的作用。學習重難點：1.定語從句結構的分析。2.定語從句關系代詞的選擇。Themanwhoranfastest

先行詞(antecedent)關系詞(relatives)定語從句(AttributiveClause)一、先行詞：定語從句修飾的名詞或者代詞二、定語從句：修飾名詞或代詞的句子三、關系詞（thatwhowhomwhichwhosewherewhenwhy）

指代先行詞在定語從句中擔任成分引導定語從句關系詞的作用關系詞的選擇看在從句中所做成分看指代人或物Theman

whogavemeanappleisateacher.IlovethestorythatAmywroteyesterday找出先行詞、關系詞、定語從句1.Sheisagirlwho/thatisalwayshelpingothers.Sheisagirlwho/thatisalwayshelpingothers.

先行詞指人，在從句中做主語，關系代詞用who/that2.Themanwho/whom/that

yousawjustnowisourmanager.

Themanwho/whom/thatyousawjustnowisourmanager.

先行詞指人，在從句中做賓語，關系代詞用who/whom/that/省略3.

Don'tcutdownthetreewhich/thatgivesyoushade(陰涼).Don'tcutdownthetree

which/thatgivesyoushade(陰涼).

先行詞指物，在從句中做主語，關系代詞用which/that4.Thisisthebookwhich/that

Iboughtyesterday.Thisisthebook

which/thatIboughtyesterday.

先行詞指物，在從句中做賓語，關系代詞用which/that/省略先行詞主語

用who/that賓語

用who/whom/that/省略主語

用which/that人物賓語

用which/that/省略注意:1.先行詞一定是名詞或者是代詞.2.關系詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間3.從句一般情況下都緊在先行詞之后.2關系詞之重難點辨析Iwanttobeadetective.宜用

that

不宜用which引導定語從句的情況①當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。

ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過的最令人興奮的電影。②當先行詞是all，little，few，much，any，everything，anything，nothing，none

等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時。

Allthatweneededistime我們所需要的只有時間③當先行詞被theonly，thevery，thelast，thesame等修飾時。ThisistheonlybookthatIwanttoread.這是我唯一想讀的一本書。④當先行詞既包括人又包括物時。Theytalkedofthingsandpersons

thattheyremembered.他們談論著他們記得的人和事。⑤當主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?哪些是你買給我的書？用which不用that的情況①關系代詞前有介詞時。Thehouse

inwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.我過去住的房子現在已經變成了一家鞋店。②在非限制性定語從句中。Haveyoueverreadthebook，whichwaswrittenbyayounggirl?你讀過這本由一個年輕女孩寫的書了嗎？③先行詞本身就是that時。What’sthat

whichflashedintheskyjustnow?剛才在天空中一閃而過的是什么？④關系代詞后有插入語時。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich，Ithink，canhelpimproveyourEnglish.這就是那本我認為能幫你提高英語水平的英語語法書。1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanything

else_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it考點一:that與which的區別4.

Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it先行詞為人和物的組合先行詞被all,little,much,every,no,等修飾時先行詞被序數詞或最高級修飾；先行詞前有序數詞(thefirst),形容詞最高級(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等時。若主句中有疑問代詞who或者which，為了避免重復,關系代詞不要再用who,which，而用that。用who不用that引導定語從句的情況①先行詞是指人的不定代詞

one/ones/anyone/noone/nobody/anybody/none/all

Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.任何觸犯法律的人都應受到懲罰。②在therebe結構中，先行詞是人時。Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.有個人想見你。③當先行詞是people和those時。Thosewholearnnotonlyfromthebooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.從書本和實踐中學習的人將會成功。④一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個宜用who。Thestudentthatwonfirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.獲得第一名的學生是努力學習的班長。（5）當先行詞是I，you，he，they等人稱代詞時(常用于諺語中)。Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到長城非好漢。單句語法填空并作出簡要分析（1）Thefirstthing________

youshoulddoiscallthepolicerightaway.（2）Football，________

isaninterestinggame，isverypopularallovertheworld.（3）Thisisthemostdeliciousfood________

Ihaveeverhad.（4）Thestudentsyoushouldlearnfromarethose________

graduatedfromfamousuniversities.（5）All________

canbedonehasbeendone.（6）Thereisayounglady________

isinastateofshock.（7）Tellmeeverything________

youknow.（8）That________

youtoldhimiswhatwewanttoknow.thatwhichthat不能引導非限制性定語從句that先行詞被序數詞修飾先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾who先行詞是those（指人）that先行詞是allwhotherebe結構中，先行詞是人先行詞是everything先行詞本身是thatwhichthatwhose關系代詞（關系形容詞）既可指人又可指物，意為“…的”

在定語從句中作定語。Sheisthegirlwhosebrotherisstudyingabroad（指人，女孩的兄弟在國外學習）Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthisperfect（指物，房間的窗戶朝南）Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.（指物，書的封皮是綠色）Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokencanhold40students.whose=ofwhich(指物)=ofwhom（指人）Sheisthegirlwhosebrotherisstudyingabroad=Sheisthegirlofwhombrother

isstudyingabroad=Sheisthegirl

brotherofwhom

isstudyingabroadPleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.=Pleasepassmethebook

ofwhichcover

isgreen.=Pleasepassmethebookcoverofwhich

isgreen.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokencanhold40students.=Theclassroomofwhichdoorisbrokencanhold40students.=Theclassroom

doorofwhichisbrokencanhold40students.3使用定語從句的注意事項（1）關系代詞在定語從句中作主語，定語從句謂語動詞要和先行詞的數保持一致。Theboywhoisreadingthestoryismybrother.正在讀這個故事的那個男孩是我弟弟。【誤區警示】“oneof

＋復數名詞”作先行詞，從句謂語動詞用復數形式；“theonlyoneof

＋復數名詞”作先行詞，從句謂語動詞用單數形式。Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.這是目前空著的房間之一。Heistheonlyoneofthoseworkerswhoisabletodothisjob.他是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人。（2）為避免關系詞的重復，被關系代詞所代替的先行詞不可在從句中重復出現。也不能出現能替代的代詞Thisisthefactorywhichwevisitedyesterday.這是我們昨天參觀的工廠Thefilmthat/whichwesawitlastnightwasveryfrightening.Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightwasveryfrightening.錯誤正確

（3）關系代詞省略關系代詞作賓語時可以省略，作主語時不能省略。Theservice（which/that）thestudentscomplainaboutshouldbeimproved.

學生們抱怨的服務應該改進。Doyourememberthefactory

thatwasbuiltlastyear

inyourhometown?你還記得你家鄉去年建的那個工廠嗎？

作動詞賓語的關系代詞可以省略，不直接位于介詞后的賓語可省略；

直接位于介詞后，不能省略。Itisafamousschoolfromwhichhegraduated3yearsago.Itisafamousschool（which）

hegraduatedfrom3yearsago.which在非限制性定語從句中不能省略。Thisisthehouse（which）weboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。Thehouse，whichweboughtlastmonthisverynice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）

單句語法填空（1）Theoldtownhassmallhousesthat________（be）builtclosetoeachother.（2）I’mfondofthepieceofmusicwhich________（be）popularwiththeteenagers.（3）Heisoneofthestudentswho________（have）agoodcommandofFrench.（4）Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________（have）agoodcommandofFrench.areishavehas1.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplelosttheirhomesinthedisaster.2.ThosewanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7∶30pm.3.ThefirstmuseumhevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.4.Thefilmyouarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeontomorrow.5.Iknowthepersonhousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.6.ItisthetallestbuildingDaminghasseenever