Chapter02

Dataandits’Production

NavigationalstudyonInfoGao

FupingProfessorofLawECUPL2023/4/292Topic:DefinitionandCategoriesofInformation/DataPurpose:Termsofdialogueandresearch

2023/4/293§2.1ClassificationofInformationfunctionalperspective1.DataasaMaterialsToolofCommunication:Informationistoolforpeopletocommunicationtopublicortoparticularperson.2.dataasaProduct:Informationwork(asCommoditiy)anddatabaseinformationisaproduct,acommodity,anobjectmattertransacted(?)2023/4/294HowInformationbecomescommodity?Makingrawdataormaterialbemeaningfuloruseful“product”This“converting”requirescreativeskilloreffortwhatrightthewillconfertoinformationproductmaker?2023/4/295InformationProductLegalPerspective1.CopyrightableWorksinformationalproductprotectedbycopyrightlaw2.Non-copyrightableWorksInformationalproductnotprotectedbycopyrightlaw3OthersInformationproduct?Dataset?2023/4/296§2.2FeaturesofData:aComparisonwithGoods

Dataasacommoditypossessescharacteristicswhichareinherentlyverydifferentfromthetraditionalresourcesofland,laborandcapital.2023/4/297DataFeatures1.Non-excludable

Non-excludabilitymeansthatoncethegoodisproducedoravailable,itisdifficulttoexcludeanyonefromenjoyingitsbenefits.InformationisinnaturepublicgoodsExclusivecontrolofinformationmeanstokeepitinsecretagainstleaningoraccessing.2023/4/298DataFeatures2.Non-rival

informationisnon-rival,thatis,useofitbyonepersondoesnotdiminishitsusefulnesstoothersNonrivalrousconsumption:oncetheworkiscreated,reproducingitinnowaydepletestheoriginal.Unlikegoods,Informationcanbeusedwithoutbeingusedupandcanbesoldwithoutbeinggivenup.2023/4/299DataFeatures3.InformationisCumulative.TheaccumulationofknowledgeispossiblebecauseinformationdoesnotdeterioratethroughuseTherefore,thefreeexchangeofinformation,ratherthanitsenclosure,isthepresumedbeneficialstatePrivatizationofinformationisagainstpublicinterestsInformationsharingisbenefittosocialprogress2023/4/2910DataFeatures4.IntangibleInformation,unlikephysicalcommodities,cannotbedestroyed,stolen,orrestitutedinthesensethesetermshaveforphysicalcommodities.Thevalueofinformationcommoditydoesnotlieinatangibledeliverable,butininformationitselfortherighttocontrolandexploitit.criminalproblem:isunauthoriziedtakingofparticularinformationtheft?2023/4/2911DataastheImportantSocialResourcesWearenowworkinginaninformationeconomy--withdataasoilorkeyresource.Similartootherresources,informationmustbeproduced,distributed,usedlegally.Weshouldsetuplegalorderforinformationeconomytomakeinformationusedconsciously,andeffectively.2023/4/2912Informationaspublicgoods?PublicgoodscreatepositiveexternalitiesforaverylargenumberofpeoplePublicgoodsisunderproducedforlacksincentivenoandisoverconsumedforfreeofchargeIfinformationispublicgoods,whatwillhappen?2023/4/2913LegalIssuesRaisedfromDataProtectionAswemovedeeperintotheinformationage,legalissuesarounddataprotectionbecomecritical.DataProtectionforPrivacyorpersonaeDataProtectionforSecurityDataProtectionforValidEvidenceDataProtectionasassets2023/4/2914whetherandhowextentwecantreatinformationasprivateassetorproperty

Informationastraditionallybelongstopublicdomain.Withcomingoftheinformationeconomy,wefacevalueconflictionofinformation,ononehand,proprietarycontrolandcommercialpotentialisemphasized,ontheotherhand,freeuseandequalaccessasafundamentalsocialvalueispursued.“Thebalancemustsustaintheopendiscoursethatdefinesafreecultureandavibrantpoliticalsystem,butalsosustaintheinvestmentandeconomicreturnthatmustoccurfortheresourcestobecreated,disseminated,andreliedonforfuturedevelopment.”2023/4/2915BooksIntellectualPropertyandInformationWealth：IssuesandPracticesintheDigitalAge[FourVolumes]byPeterK.Yu,2006InformationLawBy

RaymondT.Nimmer

2023/4/2916IsInformationProperty?1.Pamela:IsinformationProperty?

In1989,ProfessorPamelaSamuelson,inherarticleInformationAsProperty,putforwardthequest