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2011年6月大學英語六級真題Part
Ⅰ
Writing
(30minutes)Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled
TheCertificateCraze.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.現在許多人熱衷于各類證書考試2.其目的各不相同3.在我看來……TheCertificateCraze注意:此部分試題在答題卡1上。PartII
ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
(15minutes)Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson
AnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.MinorityReportAmericanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetolda"Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege–buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison–oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities–graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofPrivatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools–Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton–showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaorthe"Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction–studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill–knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity–afterfinancialaid–equaled28%of
median
(中間的)familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttothe
rigor
(嚴格要求)andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom–andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost
(教務長)DamonWilliams.Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonWitheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushed
mentoring
(輔導)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.Ifthe注意:此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。1.
Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?A)
Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.B)
Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.C)
Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.D)
Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.2.
WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinA)Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.B)
ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.C)
Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.D)Itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.3.
WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?A)Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.B)
Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.C)
Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.D)Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.4.
HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?A)
Fifty-sixpercent.
C)Fifteenpercent.B)
Thirty-ninepercent.
D)Sixty-sevenpercent.5.
Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause
.A)theirstudentsworkharder
C)theirclassesaregenerallysmallerB)
theyrecruitthebeststudents
D)theygivestudentsmoreattention6.
HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?A)Universitiesaretoblame.B)
Studentsdon'tworkhard.C)
Thegovernmentfailstoprovidethenecessarysupport.D)Affirmativeactionshouldbeheldresponsible.7.
Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.B)
Theycannotaffordthehightuition.C)
Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.D)Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.8.
Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat_______.9.
Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith_______duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.10.
WashingtonandLeePartIII
ListeningComprehension
(35minutes)SectionADirections:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet
2
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。11.
A)Shewillgivehimthereceiptlater.B)
Themanshouldmakehisowncopies.C)
Shehasnotgottheman'scopiesready.D)
Themanforgottomakethecopiesforher.12.
A)ShephonedFredaboutthebook.
C)SheranintoFredonherwayhere.B)Shewaslatefortheappointment.
D)Sheoftenkeepsotherpeoplewaiting.13.
A)MarkisnotfittotakechargeoftheStudentUnion.B)
Markisthebestcandidateforthepostofchairman.C)
Itwon'tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.D)
Femalesaremorecompetitivethanmalesinelections.14.A)Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.B)
Itgotseriouslydamagedontheway.C)
ItgotlostattheairportinParis.D)
Itwasleftbehindinthehotel.15.A)Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.B)
Putmoreeffortintopreparingforthepresentation.C)
Findmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.D)
Simplyraisetheissueintheirpresentation.16.A)ThemanhasdecidedtochooseLanguageStudiesashismajor.B)
Thewomanisn'tinterestedinthepsychologyoflanguage.C)
Themanisstilltryingtosignupforthecourseheisinterestedin.D)
Thewomanisn'tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.17.
A)Theyarebothtoblame.B)
Theyarebotheasytoplease.C)
Theycanmanagetogetalong.D)
Theywillmakepeaceintime.18.
A)Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.B)
Theyhopetodomiracleswithlimitedresources.C)
Theywanttoborrowahugesumfromthebank.D)
Theyplantobuyouttheirbusinesspartners.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Wesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatway.B)
Wewishtohideourindifferencetotheirmisfortune.C)
Wederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirmisfortune.D)Wethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantootherpeople.20.A)Theywanttoshowtheirgenuinesympathy.B)
Theyhavehadsimilarpersonalexperiences.C)
Theydon'tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.D)Theydon'twanttorevealtheirownfrustration.21.A)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'tdareto.B)
It'sanopportunityforrelievingtheirtension.C)
It'sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseface.D)Theyhaveseenthismanytimesinoldfilms.22.A)Toirritatethem.
C)Torelieveherfeelings.
B)Toteachthemalesson.
D)Toshowhercourage.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.
A)SmugglingdrugsintoHongKong.
C)Stealingafellowpassenger'sbag.
B)Havingcommittedarmedrobbery.
D)BringingahandgunintoHongKong.24.
A)Hesaidnotasinglewordduringtheentireflight.B)
HetookawayKumar'sbaggagewhilehewasasleep.C)
HewastravellingonascholarshipfromDelhiD)
HeissuspectedofhavingslippedsomethinginKumar'sbag.25.A)Givehimalift.
C)Checkthepassengerlist.
B)FindAlfredFoster.
D)Searchallsuspiciouscars.SectionBDirections:
Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet2
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theythinktravelhasbecomeatrend.B)
Theythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'sworth.C)
Theyfindmanyofthebanksuntrustworthy.D)
Theylacktheexpertisetomakecapitalinvestments.27.A)Lowertheirpricestoattractmorecustomers.B)
Introducetravelpackagesforyoungtravelers.C)
Designprogramstargetedatretiredcouples.D)
Launchanewprogramofadventuretrips.28.A)Theroleoftravelagents.
C)Thenumberoflast-minutebookings.
B)Thewaypeopletravel.
D)Thepricesofpolarexpeditions.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.
A)
Theoldstereotypesaboutmenandwomen.B)
Thechangingrolesplayedbymenandwomen.C)
Thedivisionoflaborbetweenmenandwomen.D)
Thewidespreadprejudiceagainstwomen.30.A)Offermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanmen.B)
Askquestionsthatoftenleadtocontroversy.C)
Speakloudlyenoughtoattractattention.D)Raiseissuesonbehalfofwomen.31.A)Toprovethatshecouldearnherlivingasagardener.B)
Toshowthatwomenaremorehardworkingthanmen.C)
Toshowthatwomenarecapableofdoingwhatmendo.D)
Toprovethatshewasreallyirritatedwithherhusband.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Coveringmajoreventsofthedayinthecity.B)
ReportingcriminaloffensesinGreenville.C)
Huntingnewsforthedailyheadlines.D)
Writingarticlesonfamilyviolence.33.A)Itisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtobe.B)
Rapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownareas.C)
Assaultsoftenhappenonschoolcampuses.D)Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.34.A)Thereareawiderangeofcases.B)
Theyareverydestructive.C)
Therehasbeenariseinsuchcrimes.D)Theyhavearousedfearamongtheresidents.35.A)Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.
C)Offerhelptocrimevictims.
B)Dosomeresearchonlocalpolitics.
D)Workasanewspapereditor.SectionCDirections:
Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit'spickingoneof31icecream(36)_____ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing.Butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeus(37)_____,unhappy–evenparalyzedwithindecision.That's(38)_____truewhenitcomestotheworkplace,saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsixbooksabouthuman(39)_____.Studentsaregraduatingwitha(40)_____ofskillsandinterests,butoftenfindthemselves(41)_____whenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheir(42)_____year.Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjob-hunting(43)_____andcareerdecisions,hedividedthestudentsintotwogroups:"maximizers"whoconsidereverypossibleoption,and"satisficers"wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.Youmightexpectthatthestudents(44)_________________________________.Butitturnsoutthat'snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizersendedupwithbetterpayingjobsthansatisficersonaverage,theyweren'tashappywiththeirdecision.Thereason(45)_________________________________.Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,(46)_________________________________.PartIV
ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)
(25minutes)SectionADirections:
Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Pleasewriteyouranswerson
AnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Your
gutreaction
(本能反應)anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.47.
Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout__________.48.
Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby__________.49.
Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe__________toherandofferanalternativesolution.50.
Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto__________.51.
Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid__________.SectionBDirections:
Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers–meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthe
fiscal
(財政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected–say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents–theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversity注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)
Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.B)
TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.C)
Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.D)
Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?A)
Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.B)
Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.C)
Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.D)
Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?A)
Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.B)
Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.C)
Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.D)
Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?A)
Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.B)
Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.C)
Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.D)
Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?A)Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.B)
Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.C)
Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.D)Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen–theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonItmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach–arguablytheonlydiversitytha
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