持了很久，并且還將繼續堅持下去。在最后的沖刺階段，除了系統全閱讀的50個重要詞匯，希望可以幫到大家~1.authority權威，當局Mexicanauthoritiesnoticedalargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeathsamonghealthyadults.墨西哥當局注意到，在成年人中有大量人住院。Oneauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol.可以有意識地進行控制。2.equivalent等價物Thedigitalcredentialwouldbea"voluntarytrustedidentity"systemthatwouldbethehigh-techequivalentofaphysicalafingerprintandaphotoIDcard.鑰、指紋以及身份證的高科技等價物。第1頁共14頁3.alternative替代物Theytendtokeepatighterholdontheirpurseandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative.他們更愿意握緊自己的錢包，把在家吃飯作為一種現實的替代。4.substitute代替物Devotedconcertgoersreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformance.忠誠的音樂會愛好者回答道，唱片并不能`1代替現場表演。5.community具有共性的人(社區，…屆)Theapproachwouldcreatea"walledgarden"incyberspace，withsafe"neighborhoods"andbright"streetlights"toestablishasenseofatrustedcommunity.該方法能夠在網絡空間建一個"有墻的花園"，具有安全的"鄰里關系"以及明亮的"街燈"，從而創造出一種安全社區的意識。6.transaction交易Theindividualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswithconfidence.個人和組織能夠充滿信任地完全在線交易。7.mentality心態ItseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwouldeventuallybeacompulsoryofInternet"driver'slicense"mentality.第2頁共14頁性"駕駛執照"的心態。8.skepticism懷疑Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwithskepticismbysomecomputersecurityexperts.該方案也遭到了電腦安全專家的懷疑。Historyandnewsbecomeandone'simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.的印象。9.executive高級管理者ButEdwardDolman，thechiefexecutive，"I'mprettyconfidentwe'reatthebottom."但是首席執行官愛德華·多爾曼說道："我完全相信現在已經是在底部了。"10.irony諷刺Thisepisodecrystallizestheironythat，althoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations，theyrarelytalkathome.性說話多，但在家里，他們很少說話。11.preference偏愛第3頁共14頁Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout.首先并且最重要的是消費者不斷增長的對外出就餐的偏愛。12.predominance優勢Justasinevitably，theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.不可避免的事，這種從優勢地位退下來的感覺是痛苦的。13.pattern圖案，模式ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.政治科學家安德魯·哈克在上世紀七十年代觀察到這一模式。14.infrastructure基礎設施Bigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscale，existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges，logistics，andmarketingintelligence.大型零售商在管理產品類別、物流、以及營銷智能化方面，可以應用其規模、已有基礎設施和歷經考驗的技能，這是有利可圖的。15.inequity不公正Inmyownresearch，complaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusband.第4頁共14頁顯的不公正，例如放棄職業來陪伴丈夫。16.humanity人類，人性Heispublishingapaperwhichnotonlysuggeststhatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers，butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.他的正在發表的一篇論文不僅暗示出某個人類群體會比其他群體更聰明，還解釋了這種現象產生的過程。HisconcernismainlywiththeLiterature，languages，philosophyandsoon.他主要關注的是人文學科：文學，語言，哲學等等。17.revival復活，復興IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.卡杜斯的批判性評論有機會復活嗎?這看來很遙遠。18.amateur業余愛好者Moreover，theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.另外，音樂評論中的業余愛好者傳統在急劇衰退。19.corporation公司Corporationscouldusesuchapproachestointroducenewroutines.公司應當采用這些方法來塑造新的慣例。第5頁共14頁It'saself-examinationthathasinvolvedissuesofresponsibility，creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.題。20.economy經濟，經濟體Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere，andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.富裕國家不像過去那么依賴石油，因此對油價波動就不那么敏感。21.adolescent青少年Chewingonceboughtprimarilybyadolescentisnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.口香糖曾經主要是青少年購買，現在則經常出現在商業廣告中，用來使口氣清新，以及用來在餐后清潔牙齒。22.juvenile青少年Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencyfocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.很多關于青少年違法原因的理論都把主要影響原因歸于個人或社會。23.jury陪審團第6頁共14頁ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues.很多美國人把陪審團制度看作關鍵民主價值的具體表現。24.qualification資格Thereisaprinciplethatallcitizensshouldmeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracy.低資格要求。25.specialization專門化Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.專門化可以看作是對科學知識不斷積累的一種響應。26.prerequisite先決條件Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer.專業化使得博士學位成為成功學術生涯的先決條件。27.connotation內涵Theword"amateur"doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand，inparticular，maynotfullyshareitsvalues.第7頁共14頁合進科學界的人不會分享其價值觀。28.prospect前景Losingajobisyoudon'tskipdowntothejobcenterwithasonginyourdelightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.失去工作是痛苦的：你不可能唱著歌蹦蹦跳跳地來到就業中心，心里高興地想著這個慷慨的國家會讓你的收入翻番。29.prosperity繁榮"TheHeartoftheMatter，"thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS)，deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.報告肯定了人文學科和社會科學對于美國自由民主的繁榮與安全的重要性，因此是值得表揚的。30.intelligence智力，智能Jurydutywasoncelimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence，education，andmoralcharacter.養的人。Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehas第8頁共14頁producedverymixedresults.事實上，對于人工智能的探索所獲得的結果是非常復雜的。31.fitness健康Butdespitesomeclaimstothecontrary，laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.么影響。32.seminar討論會Hespentmanyofhisweeklyseminarsgivingdetailedinstructionsintechniquesofobservation.他用了很多的周討論會來詳細說明觀察技術。33.duty職責Somephilosophersarguethatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract，aspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements.于契約中。34.advocate倡導(vt.)倡導者(n.)Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromsoskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.第9頁共14頁康倡導者應當向他們學習。Headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.他提倡思想自由和個人表達的自由。35.benefactor捐助者Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfieldsandtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.那些在科學領域取得成功的人。36.entrepreneur企業家TheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.這些突然崛起的企業家不可能通過金錢使自己的獎項具有諾貝爾獎那樣的威望。37.chaos混亂Beethoven'smusictendstomovefromchaostoorderasiforderwereanimperativeofhumanexistence.類存在。38.tension張力Thetensionbetweentheuniversalandtheparticularhasbeenimmenselyproductiveinanthropology.第10頁共14頁在人類學中，普遍性與特殊性之間的張力能夠產生大量研究結果。39.obesity肥胖Ofevengreaterconcernisthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.很難對肥胖進行定義，這一事實受到的關注更多。40.significance重要性，意義Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents考日常事件的情感意義。41.institute研究機構，(專門型)學院AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation，prescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.根據加拿大健康信息研究院的統計，自1997年以來，醫療保險總體開銷中處方藥成本在大幅上升。42.institution制度，機構，機制Heisthatrarebird，ascientistwhoworksindependentlyofanyinstitution.他是那種與眾不同者，作為一個獨立于任何機構的科學家在工第11頁共14頁作。Thereistheso-calledbigdeal，whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.除大量的在線期刊。Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand，asaresult，radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.培訓來獲得生產率的根本提高，從而大幅提高生活水平。ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthepeculiarinstitution.如果不保護南方各州的制度，他們當時就不會簽署憲法。Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience;butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.面的效果，但這一效果并不屬于這些機制的最初動機。Malinowskiregardedallinstitutionsofasocietyasintrinsicallylinkedtoeachandstressedthatevery第12頁共14頁socialorculturalphenomenonoughttobestudiedinitsfullcontext.所有社會或文化現象放在其完整的社會情境中進行研究。43.intellectual知識分子，知識的Itisintellectuals，notAmerica，whohavebe