Unit1FriendshipⅠ閱讀理解A(2019·合肥高三調研性檢測)GoldenGateBridgeLocatedinSanFrancisco,theGoldenGateBridgestartedintheyear1933toconnecttheSanFranciscoPeninsulawithMarinCounty.Itwasfinallythrownopentopublicin1937.Itcostmorethan$35millionintheconstruction.Tilltheyear1957,theGoldenGateBridge,

at

alengthof2，737meters,wasthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld.BrooklynBridgeTheBrooklynBridgeislocatedinBrooklyn.ItisoneoftheoldestbridgesintheUnitedStates,openedintheyear1883.Thelengthofthebridgeis1，825meters.ThebridgehasbeenfeaturedinseveralHollywoodmovies.GeorgeWashingtonBridgeAlsoknownastheHudsonRiverBridge,theGeorgeWashingtonBridgewhichconnectsFortLeetoManhattancameintousein1931afteraconstructionperiodofalmost4years.Itisatwo-levelsuspensionbridge.MackinacBridgeThisisthethirdbiggestsuspensionbridgeintheworldatalengthof8，constructionofthebridgewhichstartedintheyear1954.Itwasopenedtothepublicin1957.Peopleusingthisbridgearechargedacertainamountofmoney.NavajoBridgeLocatedinArizona,thisbridgecrossestheColoradoRiverandisalmost250meterslong.Theconstructionofthisbridgestartedintheyear1927,endingtwoyearslater,costing$390，000.Inthe1990sasecondbridgewasbuiltwhichwasopenedtothepublicin1995.Thefirstbridgeisstillusedbypedestriansnow.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了美國五座有名的大橋。1．WhatdoweknowabouttheGoldenGateBridge?A．Itconsistsoftwobridges.B．Itcoststheleastofthefivebridges.C．Itisthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld.D．Ittakesabout4yearstocompletetheconstruction.D分析：推理判斷題。依據第一段中的“theGoldenGateBridgestartedintheyear1933toconnecttheSanFranciscoPeninsulawithMarinCounty.Itwasfinallythrownopentopublicin1937”可推知，金門大橋的建筑時間約有四年，故D項正確。2．Whichofthefollowingbridgeswasbuilttheearliest?A．GoldenGateBridge.B．BrooklynBridge.C．GeorgeWashingtonBridge.D．NavajoBridge.B分析：細節理解題。由題干重點詞“

wasbuilttheearliest

”定位到每座大橋的建筑時間；依據文中各座大橋的建筑時間可知，

布魯克林大橋是最古老的大橋，

故B項正確。3．WhatwillyoudoifyoudriveacrossMackinacBridge?A．Havetopaysomemoney.B．Usethesecondbridge.C．Covernearly250meters.D．SeethestatueofDr.DavidB.Steinman.A分析：細節理解題。依據第四段尾句“Peopleusingthisbridgearechargedacertainamountofmoney.”可知，使用麥基諾大橋的人會被收取必定量的錢，故A項正確。B(2019·惠州高三第一次調研考試)Followingthecrowdmaynotalwaysbeinaperson’sbestinterest.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.Scientistshaveknownthatclosefriendshipshelpboosthealth.That’strueforbothteensandadults.ThefindinginspiredJosephAllen,apsychologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andhisteamtostudywhetherexperiencesduringteenyearswouldinfluenceadulthealth.Sotheyfollowed171teens,startingwhenthekidswerejust13.Theyinterviewedeachoneeveryyearforfiveyears，andalsospoketotheseteens’closestfriends，whoprovidedadditionalinformationaboutthequalityoftheirfriendships.Thesame171peoplewereinterviewedagainatages25,26and27.Thistime,thequestionssurveyedeachperson’soverallhealth.Whentheresearchersanalyzedthedata,theyfoundastrongconnectionbetweenateen’sbehaviorandadulthealth.Teenswhohadclosefriendsgrewuptobethehealthieradults.Whetherteensheldbacktheirfeelingsorexpressedthemtoclosefriendsalsoinfluencedlaterhealth.Thosewhoheldbacktheirfeelingsweremorelikelytobesickasadults.Theconnectionheldupevenafterthescientistsaccountedforotherpossibleinfluencesonhealth.Weight，familyincomeanddrugusewereallexamined.Sowerementalhealthissues，suchasanxietyanddepression.Andinthesepeople，suchotherfactorsdidnotexplainadulthealthaswellasteenfriendshipsdid.Gettingalongwiththecrowdmayhavebenefits,saysAllen,buttherearealsodrawbacks.Teenswhoaremoreindependenttendtodobetteratschoolandwork.Andpeerpressuremayleadsomekidstoengageinriskybehavior,suchassmoking,drinkingorusingdrugs.Dealingwithitisanongoingchallenge，Allenacknowledges.“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn’tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy.”And,headds，“Parentsneedtobeunderstandingaboutthepressuresteensface.”【解題導語】研究表示，與朋友較少或許沒有朋友的青少年對比，有朋友的青少年在長大后更健康。自然，與朋友相處也有缺點。4．Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?A．Sciencefiction.B．Healthcolumn.C．Fashionmagazine.D．Entertainmentnewspaper.分析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹青少年時的友情對青少年景年后健康的影響。據此可知，本文屬于健康知識類文章，故可判斷，本文可能選自“健康專欄”。故B項正確。5．WecanlearnfromAllen’sstudythat________．A．manyotherfactorshaveagreaterinfluenceonadulthealththanteenfriendshipsB．mentalhealthissueshavenothingtodowithadulthealthC．thesame171teenswereinterviewedeachyearfrom13to27D．theteenswhocouldn’texpressthemselvesgrewuptobeunhealthierD分析：細節理解題。依據第三段中的“Whetherteensheldback...sickasadults.”可知，青少年能否向他們的好朋友表達感情也會影響到其成年后的健康，那些壓抑感情的青少年景年后很可能不健康。故D項正確。6．AccordingtowhatAllensaid,wecanknowthat________．A．inordertodobetteratschool,teensshouldnotfollowthecrowdB．thoughit’schallengingforteenstodealwithpeerpressure,theyshouldnotgiveupC．teenswillengageinsmoking,drinkingorusingdrugswhenfacingpeerpressureD．parentsshouldunderstandtheirteensandstopthemgoingwithfriends分析：細節理解題。依據最后一段內容可知，與朋友相處使得青少年在成年后更為健康的同時也會帶來不利影響，即四周同齡人帶來的壓力，這些壓力會致使很多問題。剖析Allen的話“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn’tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy.”能夠判斷，青少年要應付這些壓力，找到正確的均衡點是重點，不可以由于很難找到均衡點就心灰意冷。應選B。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Thereisnothingbadforteenstofollowthecrowd.B．ClosefriendshipsarethemostimportantforpeopleC．Teenfriendshipsmayhelpteensbecomehealthieradults.

’shealth.D．Adulthealthisonlyinfluencedbyteenfriendships.C分析：推理判斷題。依據文章第一段第二句“

But

newresearch

suggests

that

teenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.

”可知，與朋友相處的青少年在成年后會更為健康。C項意為“青少年時期的友情會幫助青少年景為更為健康的成年人”，切合文章意思。故C項正確。Ⅱ完形填空(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I__1__theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twantto__2__afewdollars?Morethanthat,I’dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t__3__enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour__4__wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which__5__Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame’s__6__.Icouldhardlywaitto__7__him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis__8__wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit__9__thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto__10__theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto__11__whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,__12__，toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat__13__andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe__14__．TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhathe__15__me:“Theabsolutemostimportant__16__thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood__17__.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto__18__asituation,processwhatyouropponent(敵手)isdoingand__19__thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy__20__asajournalist.【解題導語】

本文是一篇記述文。本文敘述了我在大學時所選的課程對自己此后的職業和生活起到了很重要的作用。1．A.putforward

B．jumpedatC．triedout

D．turneddownB分析：我急不可待地接受

(jumpedat)了參加這個課程學習的想法。

putforward

“提出”；tryout

“試驗”；

turndown

“關小，拒絕”。2．A.waste

B．earnC．save

D．pay分析：畢竟，誰不想節儉(save)一些錢呢？waste“浪費，花銷”；earn“掙，賺得”；pay“付款”。3．A.excited

B．worriedC．moved

D．tiredA分析：即便我對免費學分不太激動

(excited)

。worried

“擔憂的”；

moved“感人的”；tired

“勞苦的”。4．A.title

B．competitorC．textbook

D．instructorD分析：對于我們的講課老師

(instructor)

的信息足夠吸引我。

title

“標題，題目”；competitor

“競爭者”；

textbook

“課本”。5．A.urged

B．demandedC．held

D．meant分析：他是一位國際象棋大師，這意味(meant)著我能向象棋界最優異的人之一學習。urge“督促”；demand“要求”；hold“舉行”。6．A.fastest

B．easiestC．best

D．rarest分析：拜見上題分析。fastest“最快的”；easiest“最簡單的”；best“最正確的”；rarest

“最寶貴的”。7．A.interview

B．meetC．challenge

D．beatB分析：依據上文對這位國際象棋大師的描繪可知，我急不可待地想見到

(meet)

他。interview

“采訪”；

challenge“挑戰”；beat“打擊”。8．A.chance

B．qualificationC．honor

D．jobD分析：MauriceAshleychance“時機”；qualification

是和善又聰慧的人，這份工作“資格”；honor“榮譽”。

(job)

對他來說不是游戲。9．A.real

B．perfectC．clear

D．possible分析：在他的介紹里，他清楚地(clear)說了然我們的學分是一定經過努力才能獲取的。real“真的”；perfect“完滿的”；possible“可能的”。10．A.attend

B．passC．skip

D．observe分析：為了經過(pass)這門課程，我們一定寫一篇對于怎樣把講堂所學運用到將來職業中的文章。attend“參加”；skip“跳過”；observe“察看”。11．A.add

B．exposeC．apply

D．compare分析：拜見上題分析。add“增添”；expose“裸露，使面對”；apply“應用，運用”；compare“比較”。12．A.eventuallyB．naturallyC．directlyD．normallyA分析：而且最后(eventually)運用到我們的生活中。naturally“自然地”；directly“直接地”