實用標準文案實用標準文案文檔文檔實用標準文案文檔雅思閱讀長難句分析Itisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.Whetherthegovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa(反之)oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.4.Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.5.Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.---------------------------1-5答案-----------------Itisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.譯文：許多人認為，普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學家的思維過程相比，認為這些思維過程必須經過某種專門訓練才能掌握。要點：句子的框架是itisimagined…that…,andthat…。這是典型的句型it+is+p.p.（過去分詞）+thatclause。it是形式主語，句子真正的主語是兩個并列的that引導的主語從句，由連詞and連接。operation此處不能譯成“操作”，根據上下文應譯成“活動”，這里的processes要譯成“思維過程”，而不能簡單地理解成“過程”。Whetherthegovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa(反之)oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.譯文：政府究竟是以減少對技術的經費投入來增加對純理論科學的經費投入還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅動的力量要點：句子的框架是whether…or…oftendependson…。whether…or引導了主語從句作句子的主語，financing這里根據上下文要譯成“經費投入”；介詞結構ofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce是賓語theissue的后置定語，of介詞結構中又包含了which引導的介詞賓語從句。Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.譯文：這些預測在多大程度上為后來的表現所證實，這取決于所采用信息的數量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智要點：句子的框架是how…dependson…andon…。句子的主語由how引導的主語從句擔任；謂語動詞詞組dependson后面跟了兩個由and連接的并列賓語，在第二個賓語中，介詞with+which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞theskillandwisdom。Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.譯文：所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個具體領域適用的研究手段，人們對此意見不一。要點：句子的框架是thereisnoagreementwhether…or…。主句是thereisnoagreement,agreement后面緊跟了由whether引導的同位語從句作同位語；在同位語從句中，謂語動詞短語refersto跟了兩個由連詞or連接的并列賓語：a.theconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneral;b.theresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry。在第一個賓語中，形容詞詞組peculiartohistoricalwork和介詞詞組ingeneral作后置定語修飾theconcepts；在第二個賓語中同樣有形容詞詞組appropriate…to…ofhistoricalinquiry作后置定語修飾theresearchtechniques。Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.譯文：再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經濟實力與其工農業生產效率密切相關，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力要點：句子的框架是furthermore,itisobviousthat…,andthat…。這是典型的句型it+is+obvious+thatclause。it是形式主語，真正的主語是由連詞and連接的兩個并列的主語從句：a.thatthestrengthis…boundwith…;b.andthatthis…restsupontheefforts…。第一個主語從句中的詞組beboundupwith是“與…有關聯”之意；在第二個主語從句中，代詞this指代前文的theefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry，譯為“效率的提高”。6.Whatcouldbeakeytojetlagandwinterbluesisthehormonemelatonin,whichisknowntoregulatebodyrhythms.7.Therearenow31millionkidsinthe12-to-19agegroup,anddemographerspredictthattherewillbe35millionteensby2010,apopulationbiggerthaneventhebabyboomatitspeak.8.Itseemedalmostunbelievablebutwhatappearedtobehappeningwasthatthefaultwasactuallybeinglubricatedbytheinjectionofthefluid.9.Itisscarcelysurprising,then,thateducationsystemshaveforseveraldecadespastbeenseverelycriticized,partlyonthegroundthateducationpreparespeopletoliveinanalreadyoutdatedsociety.10.Therearestronggroundsforthinkingthatthehealthofbothindividualsandsocietiesderivesfromwhatwe’reabletoputintolife,ratherthanwhatwetrytogetoutofit.------------------------6-10答案-----------------------Whatcouldbeakeytojetlagandwinterbluesisthehormonemelatonin,whichisknowntoregulatebodyrhythms.譯文：能解除時差綜合癥和冬季憂郁癥的關鍵是荷爾蒙褪黑激素，人們知道這種激素能夠調節人體節奏。要點：句子的框架是what…isthehormonemelatoninwhichis…。what引導了一個主語從句，而謂語部分中由which引導了非限制性定語從句hormonemelatonin。句中jet-lag是“時差綜合癥”，blues不能譯成“藍色”，而是“憂郁”之意。Therearenow31millionkidsinthe12-to-19agegroup,anddemographerspredictthattherewillbe35millionteensby2010,apopulationbiggerthaneventhebabyboomatitspeak.譯文：12歲至19歲年齡組的孩子目前有3100萬，人口學家預測，到2010年他們將達到3500萬，比二戰后生育高峰期出生的孩子還多要點：句子的框架是thereare…kids…,anddemographerspredictthat…。這是一個并列復合句，在第二個并列分句中，謂語動詞predict后面跟了一個that引導的賓語從句；在that賓語從句中，apopulationbiggerthaneventhebabyboomatitspeak是35millionteens的同位語。Itseemedalmostunbelievablebutwhatappearedtobehappeningwasthatthefaultwasactuallybeinglubricatedbytheinjectionofthefluid.譯文：地球內的斷層正在被人們注入的液體所潤滑，這幾乎是難以令人相信的，但是這確實正在發生。要點：句子的框架是itseemed…butwhat…wasthat…。句子由but連接的兩個并列分句構成：a.itseemedalmostunbelievable;b.whatappearedtobehappeningwasthat…在第二個分句中，what引導了主語從句擔任主語，that引導了表語從句。這里injection不能譯成“注射”，根據上下文要譯成“注入”。Itisscarcelysurprising,then,thateducationsystemshaveforseveraldecadespastbeenseverelycriticized,partlyonthegroundthateducationpreparespeopletoliveinanalreadyoutdatedsociety.譯文：那么教育體制在過去幾十年中受到嚴厲的批評，就不那么令人感到驚訝了，批評者的部分根據是，這種教育培養人們在一種已過時的社會中生存。要點：句子的框架是itis…surprising…thateducationsystemhave…been…criticized,…onthegroundthat…。it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句，而主語從句又包含了that引導的同位語從句thateducationpreparespeopletoliveinanalreadyoutdatedsociety作介詞詞組ontheground中ground的同位語，ground這里的意思是“根據”。10.Therearestronggroundsforthinkingthatthehealthofbothindividualsandsocietiesderivesfromwhatwe’reabletoputintolife,ratherthanwhatwetrytogetoutofit.要點：句子的框架是thereare…groundsforthinkingthatthehealth…derivesfromwhat…,ratherthanwhat…。介詞結構forthinking…中包含了that引導的賓語從句作分詞thinking的賓語；而這個賓語從句中又包含了兩個并列的介詞賓語從句：a.whatwe’reabletoputintolife;b.whatwetrytogetoutofit.兩個賓語從句由ratherthan連接。譯文：至于個人和社會的健康可以以這樣的理由來衡量，我們對生活能夠付出多少而不是我們能向生活取得多少。Itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthat,ifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.Expertsaredebatingwhetherweshouldburdenyoungchildrenwithmentalcomputation,orencouragetheuseofcalculatorstorelievechildrenofhardworkandfreetheirmindstounderstandmathconcepts.TheannouncementbyBoeingthatithasdecidedtoscrapplanstobuildafuturistic,high-speedplanecalledthesoniccruiserbringsanendtooneofthemostimaginative–andsomesayquixotic–projectsinrecentaerospaceengineeringAreligioussectthatcontendsthatspacetravelerscreatedthehumanracebycloningthemselvesdeclaredFridaythatthefirstclonedhumanhadbeenborn,butitofferedfewdetailsandnoevidencetosupporttheclaim.15.Yetnosucheffecthadbeendetectedinanyoftheingeniousanddelicateexperimentsthatphysicistshaddevised:thevelocity（速度）oflightdidnotvary.---------------------------11-15答案---------------------------Itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthat,ifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.譯文：因此，如果要使學生充分利用他們（上大學）的機會，就得為他們提供大量關于課程的更為詳盡的信息，做更多的指導。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。要點：句子的框架是it…becomes…that,if…,therewillhavetobe…。it是形式主語，that引導的主語從句是句子的真正主語，在that從句中，if引導了條件狀語從句。Expertsaredebatingwhetherweshouldburdenyoungchildrenwithmentalcomputation,orencouragetheuseofcalculatorstorelievechildrenofhardworkandfreetheirmindstounderstandmathconcepts.譯文：我們應該用心算來增加孩子們的負擔，還是應該鼓勵他們使用計算器來減輕其繁重的學習任務，使他們不再費神去理解（抽象的）數學概念，專家們對此尚未達成一致。要點：句子的框架是expertsaredebatingwhetherweshould…,orencourage…。句子的主語部分是expertsaredebating…，而whether…or…引導了賓語從句作謂語動詞aredebating的賓語。其中burden…with…是“使…背上負擔”之意；在后半句orencouragetheuseofcalculatorstorelievechildrenofhardworkandfreetheirmindstounderstandmathconcepts中，兩個并列的不定式短語torelieve…of…和tofree…tounderstand…作目的狀語。另外，詞組relievesomebodyofsomething指“減輕…”。TheannouncementbyBoeingthatithasdecidedtoscrapplanstobuildafuturistic,high-speedplanecalledthesoniccruiserbringsanendtooneofthemostimaginative–andsomesayquixotic–projectsinrecentaerospaceengineering.譯文：波音公司宣布放棄修建一種名叫“音速游艇”的新潮、高速飛機的計劃，這一決定使近年來航空工程中最富想象力—還有人稱純屬空想的計劃落了空。要點：句子的框架是theannouncement…thatishasdecided…bringsanendto…。主語theannouncement后面跟了一個that引導的同位語從句，在that從句中，動詞不定式短語tobuild…calledthesoniccruiser作plan的后置定語，而不定式短語中的過去分詞短語calledthesoniccruiser作plane的后置定語；破折號之后的andsomesay是插入語。AreligioussectthatcontendsthatspacetravelerscreatedthehumanracebycloningthemselvesdeclaredFridaythatthefirstclonedhumanhadbeenborn,butitofferedfewdetailsandnoevidencetosupporttheclaim.譯文：一個宣稱人類是由外星人克隆而成的邪教組織于星期五宣布第一個克隆人已出生，但它沒有談及過多細節，也沒有提供任何證據。要點：句子的框架是areligioussect…declared…that…,butitoffered…。這個句子中，由but連接了兩個并列分句。在前一個分句中，由that引導的定語從句thatcontendsthat…bycloningthemselves修飾先行詞areligioussect，而定語從句中又包含了that引導的賓語從句作動詞contends的賓語。15.Yetnosucheffecthadbeendetectedinanyoftheingeniousanddelicateexperimentsthatphysicistshaddevised:thevelocity（速度）oflightdidnotvary.譯文：然而在任何物理學家所進行過的精細巧妙的實驗中，都沒有發現這種影響：光速沒有變化。要點：定語從句的結構是簡單的主謂賓結構，翻譯成前置的定語詞組。Iftheprobetakes,say,100yearstomakeacopyofitself,thentheaveragespeedatwhichallprobeswouldspreadthroughoutthegalaxy（星系）wouldbeabout1/25ththespeedoflightButsuchtroublesisconfinedmainlytotherailwaysonwhichthecurrentispickedupfromathirdrailratherthanfromoverheadconductors.Asbrighterareasoftheimageejectmoreelectronsthanthedarkerorshadedportions,anelectronicimageisproducedinwhichvaryingdegreesofpositivechargeduplicatelightintensitiesseeninthescenebeingpictured.Tokillweedwhichmaysprawlrampantlyamongcropsinthefirstseveralyears,effectiveweedicideisneededtoplaythesameroleasploughingfieldsdoestoeliminateweed.Atalargeterminalrailwaystation,theworkofthestationmasterislargelyadministrativebecauseoftheextentoftheoperationsandthestaffofwhichheisincommand.------------------------16-20答案-----------------Iftheprobetakes,say,100yearstomakeacopyofitself,thentheaveragespeedatwhichallprobeswouldspreadthroughoutthegalaxy（星系）wouldbeabout1/25ththespeedoflight.譯文：如果探測體需要，比如說，100年時間來生成自己的副體，那么所有探測體傳遍整個星系的平均速度大約為光速的1/25butsuchtroublesisconfinedmainlytotherailwaysonwhichthecurrentispickedupfromathirdrailratherthanfromoverheadconductors.譯文：但是，這樣的問題主要局限于從第三軌而不是從高架線得到電力的那些鐵路上。要點：在限制性定語從句中有一個固定短語ratherthan，我們還是把它翻譯成稍復雜的帶“的”的定語從句。Asbrighterareasoftheimageejectmoreelectronsthanthedarkerorshadedportions,anelectronicimageisproducedinwhichvaryingdegreesofpositivechargeduplicatelightintensitiesseeninthescenebeingpictured.譯文：因為圖像的較明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者陰影部分發射的電子更多，所以產生的電子圖像隨正電荷的變化強度，使正在描述的熒幕上的光強度成倍增強。要點：在這句的定語從句中，有現在分詞作前置定語，及過去分詞作后置定語，翻譯成前置的定語詞組會生澀拗口。因此，將從句與主句分開翻譯，單獨成句。Tokillweedwhichmaysprawlrampantlyamongcropsinthefirstseveralyears,effectiveweedicideisneededtoplaythesameroleasploughingfieldsdoestoeliminateweed.譯文：在最初的幾年里，雜草可能在農作物之間繁茂地蔓生，為了消滅這些雜草，需要有效的除草劑，發揮與耕地同樣的消滅雜草的作用。要點：這是一個典型的將定語從句譯為前置的并列分句的例子。Atalargeterminalrailwaystation,theworkofthestationmasterislargelyadministrativebecauseoftheextentoftheoperationsandthestaffofwhichheisincommand.譯文：在大的鐵路終點站，站長的工作主要是行政管理的，這是由于車站運營范圍廣、工作人員多。要點：在本句的翻譯中基本上看不出原句中定語從句ofwhichheisincommand的痕跡。定語從句完全融入漢語翻譯中。AttendingservicesattheCathedralofPisa,hefoundhimselfwatchingaswingingchandelier,whichaircurrentsshiftednowinwidearcs,nowinsmallones.Althoughhegotgenerallygoodgradesandwasoutstandinginmathematics,EinsteinhatedtheacademichighschoolhewassenttoinMunich,wheresuccessdependedonmemorizationandobediencetoarbitraryauthority.Oneisthevisibleedgeofthesun,whichisagaseous“surface”fromwhichvisiblelightphotons（光子）freelyemerge.Rocketsperformbestinspace,wherethereisnoatmospheretoimpedetheirmotionCongress,whichhadmettocontinueitsproteststothecrown,founditselfraisinganarmyandselectingGeorgeWashingtonasitscommanderinchief.------------------------------21-25答案-------------------AttendingservicesattheCathedralofPisa,hefoundhimselfwatchingaswingingchandelier,whichaircurrentsshiftednowinwidearcs,nowinsmallones.譯文：一次在比薩大教堂做禮拜時，他發現自己正看著一個吊燈架，它隨著氣流時而劃一個大弧，時而劃一個小弧。要點：定語從句被翻譯為后置的并列分句，用人稱代詞“它”代替先行詞“吊架燈”。Althoughhegotgenerallygoodgradesandwasoutstandinginmathematics,EinsteinhatedtheacademichighschoolhewassenttoinMunich,wheresuccessdependedonmemorizationandobediencetoarbitraryauthority.譯文：雖然愛因斯坦門門功課都很優異，數學尤為突出，但他很討厭上這所慕尼黑的中學。在這所學校里成功取決于死機硬背和對專職權威的服從。要點：although引導的讓步狀語從句和where引導的非限制性定語從句。Oneisthevisibleedgeofthesun,whichisagaseous“surface”fromwhichvisiblelightphotons（光子）freelyemerge.譯文：一個例子就是太陽的邊緣，這是一個氣狀的表面，可見光的光子從中源源涌出。要點：本句在非限制性定語從句里又包含一個限制性定語從句，為了符合漢語表達習慣，我們將兩個定語從句都譯為后置的并列分句。Rocketsperformbestinspace,wherethereisnoatmospheretoimpedetheirmotion譯文：火箭在太空中運行最佳，因為在那兒不存在阻礙他們運動的大氣。要點：在語義上，定語從句與主句的關系為因果關系，因此我們將定語從句譯為原因狀語從句。Congress,whichhadmettocontinueitsproteststothecrown,founditselfraisinganarmyandselectingGeorgeWashingtonasitscommanderinchief.譯文：代表大會先前已集會決定繼續向英皇提抗議，而現在則發展到招募兵員并推選喬治?華盛頓為總司令了。要點：定語從句與先行詞融合起來，翻譯成時間狀語從句。Thisfoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthis,whichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood.Otherissuesthatconcernthebodypolitic,suchascrime,poverty,andwelfare,arenoteasilylinkedtopublicsupportofscientificresearch,saveattheeducationallevel.IntheGreekheritageofthewest,mythhasalwaysbeenintensionwithreason,whichsignifiedtherationalandanalyticmodeofarrivingatatrueaccountofreality.Medicine,likeallbranchesofscience,needsscholarswhoareabletodevelopappropriate"ruleofevidence"andthenapplythoserulestothecontinuouslyflowingstreamofnewdatatodeterminewhatisrelevant.Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.-----------------------------26-30答案-------------Thisfoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthis,whichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood.要點：句子的框架是thefoodsupplywillnotincrease...tomatchthis,whichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisis...。關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句。其先行詞是前面一整句。翻譯時譯成另一個分句。在這個從句中又包含了一個由that引導的名詞從句作means的賓語。指示代詞this在這兒指代上文的人口增長。譯文：食品供應的增加將趕不上人口的增長，這就意味著我們在糧食的生產和購銷方面正陷入危機。Otherissuesthatconcernthebodypolitic,suchascrime,poverty,andwelfare,arenoteasilylinkedtopublicsupportofscientificresearch,saveattheeducationallevel.要點：句子的框架是otherissuesthatconcern...，arenoteasilylinkedto...，saveat...。這是一個含有that引導的定語從句的長主句，otherissues是主語，也是先行詞。suchas引導并列成分。謂語是arenoteasilylinkedtopublicsupportofscientificresearch。save在這個句子中相當于“except”，意為“除了。。。”。bodypolitic可譯為“國家”。譯文：除了在教育層次上，其他一些與國家息息相關的問題，如犯罪、貧窮和福利都難以與公共支持的科研相提并論。IntheGreekheritageofthewest,mythhasalwaysbeenintensionwithreason,whichsignifiedtherationalandanalyticmodeofarrivingatatrueaccountofreality.要點：句子的框架是intheGreekheritage...,mythhasalwaysbeen...,whichsignified...。關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾reason。在這個句子中，which引導的非限制性定語從句兼有狀語從句的功能，翻譯時可視作原因狀語從句翻譯。reason在此句中不譯為“原因、理由”，應譯為“理性”。譯文：在西方希臘遺產中，神話與理性始終處于緊張沖突狀態，因為理性意味著對現實進行合情合理、符合實際的分析和描述Medicine,likeallbranchesofscience,needsscholarswhoareabletodevelopappropriate"ruleofevidence"andthenapplythoserulestothecontinuouslyflowingstreamofnewdatatodeterminewhatisrelevant.要點：句子的框架是medicine,likeall...,needsscholarswhoareableto...。likeallbranchesofscience是插入語。關系代詞who引導定語修飾scholars。在這個從句中包含一個名詞從句—whatisrelevant作determine的賓語。flowingstreamofnewdata在此譯為“新數據流”。apply...to在此句中譯為“把……應用于……”。譯文：正像所有的科學分支一樣，醫學也需要這類學者，他們既能開發適當的“實證規則”，又能把那些規則應用到不斷變化的新數據流中去，進而確定哪些信息是相關的。Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.要點：句子的框架是behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhois...environmentwherethereare...stimuliwhichdevelop...willexperiencegreater...。that引導名詞從句做suggest的賓語。在這個從句中又包含三個定語從句，一層套一層。從句中的主語是thechild，謂語是willexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment。關系代詞who引導定語從句修飾child。關系副詞where引導定語從句修飾environment。關系代詞which引導定語從句修飾stimuli。stimuli譯為“刺激物”。譯文：行為主義者指出，如果一個孩子在有很多刺激物的環境中長大，那么這個兒童將會有更高的智力發展。MyideaofagoodP.E.classisonewhereyouthareinvolvedinatleast20minutesofbasicmovementthatgetstheirheartratesup.Thatsummer,thosewhoremainedwerefoundfleeingdownriverstoreturnhometoEnglandbynewsettlerswithfreshsupplies,whoencouragedthemtoreconsider.Thesenew-ageexecutivesarelikelytocausetroubleincompanieswherelonger-servingmiddlemanagers,whohavedonetheirtimeinaless-privilegedenvironment,resenttheconcessionstherecruitsarewinning.Thisisanelegant,antimagnetic,waterproof,shock-protectedandheat-resistantwatchwhichismadeofstainlesssteelandhigh-precisionfittings.Theysendoutpulsesofsoundwaves,pitchedat50,000cyclespersecond,farabovethelimitsofthehumanear,whichcanhearsoundsuptofrequenciesofabout20,000cyclespersecond.-------------------------------31-35答案---------------------MyideaofagoodP.E.classisonewhereyouthareinvolvedinatleast20minutesofbasicmovementthatgetstheirheartratesup.要點：句子的框架是myideaofagoodP.E.classisonewhereyouthare...movementthatgetstheirheartratesup。關系副詞where引導定語從句修飾one，而關系代詞that引導定語從句修飾movement。one指代agoodP.E.class。譯文：談到一堂好的體育課，我的想法是，青年人在體育課中至少要進行20分鐘使他們心跳加快的基本運動。Thatsummer,thosewhoremainedwerefoundfleeingdownriverstoreturnhometoEnglandbynewsettlerswithfreshsupplies,whoencouragedthemtoreconsider.要點：句子的框架是thatsummer,thosewhoremainedwerefoundfleeingdown...bynewsettlers...,whoencouragedthem...。這是一個被動句，翻譯時譯成主動句。whoremained是限制性定語從句修飾主語those。謂語部分是werefoundfleeingdown...。第二個who引導定語從句，它的先行詞是newsettlers。介詞短語withfreshsupplies作newsettlers的定語。them指代thosewhoremained。譯文：那年夏天，帶著給養剛剛到來的拓居者發現前期的幸存者們順著河流逃往英國，便勸說他們三思而行。Thesenew-ageexecutivesarelikelytocausetroubleincompanieswherelonger-servingmiddlemanagers,whohavedonetheirtimeinaless-privilegedenvironment,resenttheconcessionstherecruitsarewinning.要點：句子的框架是thesenew-ageexecutivesarelikelytocause…companieswherelonger-servingmiddlemangers,whohave…,resenttheconcessions...。關系副詞where引導定語從句，修飾先行詞companies。在這個從句中，謂語resenttheconcessions被由關系代詞who引導的非限制性定語從句隔開。therecruitsarewinning是一個省略了關代詞that的定語從句，修飾concessions。concessions譯為“特許權”。therecruits譯為“新手，新成員”。譯文：這些新時代的理人員很有可能在一些公司制造事端，因為在這些里，在特權現象較少的環境里，有較長工作年限的中等經理對這些新成員所贏得的特許權深感不滿。Thisisanelegant,antimagnetic,waterproof,shock-protectedandheat-resistantwatchwhichismadeofstainlesssteelandhigh-precisionfittings.要點：句子的框架是thisisan…watchwhichismadeof…。這個句中的中心名詞watch既有形容詞作前置定語，又有定語從句作后置定語。一般在翻譯時，將前置定語后置。譯文：這是一只由不銹鋼和高精度配件制成的手表，它既美觀、又防磁、防水、抗震、耐熱。Theysendoutpulsesofsoundwaves,pitchedat50,000cyclespersecond,farabovethelimitsofthehumanear,whichcanhearsoundsuptofrequenciesofabout20,000cyclespersecond.要點：句子的框架是theysendoutpulsesof…,farabove…thehumanear,whichcanhearsounds…。關系代詞which引導定語從句，修飾humanear。過去分詞短語pitchedat…和介詞短語farabove…作soundwaves的定語。they指代前文的蝙蝠。pitch原意為“投，高音，足球場”，在此譯為“發出”。譯文：人類的耳朵僅能聽見最高頻率為20000赫茲的聲音，蝙蝠卻可以發送出大超過這個限制的高達50000赫茲的聲波脈沖。Whentheyanalyzedtheserocks,theyfound“shocked”quartzgrains-sliverswithaparticulararrangementofmicrocracksbelievedtorepresenttherelicleftbyanextraterrestrialimpact.Aslanddeveloped,rainwaterandriversdissolvedsaltsandothersubstancesfromrocksandcarriedthemtotheoceans,makingtheoceansalty.Thatsummer,thosewhoremainedwerefoundfleeingdownrivertoreturnhometoEnglandbynewsettlerswithfreshsupplies,whoencouragedthemtoreconsider.Byandlarge,theAmericandietcontinuedtoreflectaconsiderablerelianceuponanimalproducts,ratherthanongrains,whichmeantthatarelativelylargeacreagewasrequiredtofeedtheAmericanpublic.Thesenew-ageexecutivesarelikelytocausetroubleincompanieswherelonger-servingmiddlemanagers,whohavedonetheirtimeinaless-privilegedenvironment,resenttheconcessionstherecruitsarewinning.-----------------36-40答案--------Whentheyanalyzedtheserocks,theyfound“shocked”quartzgrains-sliverswithaparticulararrangementofmicrocracksbelievedtorepresenttherelicleftbyanextraterrestrialimpact.要點：when引導的時間直接翻譯為“在…的時候”。譯文：在分析這些巖芯時，他們發現“沖擊”石英顆粒——帶有特殊排列的微裂縮縫的薄片，科學家認為他們外層空間來的物體與地球碰撞留下來的遺跡。Aslanddeveloped,rainwaterandriversdissolvedsaltsandothersubstancesfromrocksandcarriedthemtotheoceans,makingtheoceansalty.要點：as在句中引導的是一個時間狀語從句。譯文：在陸地形式時，雨水和河水溶解了巖石中鹽和其他物質并把他們帶入海洋，使海水變咸。Thatsummer,thosewhoremainedwerefoundfleeingdownrivertoreturnhometoEnglandbynewsettlerswithfreshsupplies,whoencouragedthemtoreconsider.要點：句子的框架是thatsummer,thosewhoremainedwerefoundfleeingdown…bynewsettles…,whoencouragedthem…。這是一個被動句，翻譯時譯成主動句。whoremained是限制性定語從句修飾主語those。謂語部分是werefoundfleeingdown…。第二個who引導定語從句，它的先行詞是newsettlers。介詞短語withfreshsupplies作newsettlers的定語。them指代thosewhoremained。譯文：那年夏天，帶著給養剛剛到來的拓居者發現前期的幸存者們順著河流逃往英國，便勸說他們三思而行。Byandlarge,theAmericandietcontinuedtoreflectaconsiderablerelianceuponanimalproducts,ratherthanongrains,whichmeantthatarelativelylargeacreagewasrequiredtofeedtheAmericanpublic.要點：句子的框架是byandlarge,theAmericandietcontinuedto…，ratherthanongrains,whichmeantthat…。關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句，其先行詞是上文的一整句。在這個從句中又包含一個由that引導的名詞從句作meant的賓語。byandlarge意為“總之，總而言之”ratherthan意為“而不是”。譯文：總的說來，美國人的膳食仍大量依賴家畜產品而不依賴糧食，這就意味著需要比較大的土地面積來養活美國公眾。Thesenew-ageexecutivesarelikelytocausetroubleincompanieswherelonger-servingmiddlemanagers,whohavedonetheirtimeinaless-privilegedenvironment,resenttheconcessionstherecruitsarewinning.要點：句子的框架是thesenew-ageexecutivesarelikelytocause…companieswherelonger-servingmiddlemangers,whohave…,resenttheconcessions...。關系副詞where引導定語從句，修飾先行詞companies。在這個從句中，謂語resenttheconcessions被由關系代詞who引導的非限制性定語從句隔開。therecruitsarewinning是一個省略了關代詞that的定語從句，修飾concessions。concessions譯為“特許權”。therecruits譯為“新手，新成員”。譯文：這些新時代的理人員很有可能在一些公司制造事端，因為在這些里，在特權現象較少的環境里，有較長工作年限的中等經理對這些新成員所贏得的特許權深感不滿。Thisisanelegant,antimagnetic,waterproof,shock-protectedandheat-resistantwatchwhichismadeofstainlesssteelandhigh-precisionfittings.Theysendoutpulsesofsoundwaves,pitchedat50,000cyclespersecond,farabovethelimitsofthehumanear,whichcanhearsoundsuptofrequenciesofabout20,000cyclespersecondWhentheyanalyzedtheserocks,theyfound“shocked”quartzgrains-sliverswithaparticulararrangementofmicrocracksbelievedtorepresenttherelicleftbyanextraterrestrialimpactAslanddeveloped,rainwaterandriversdissolvedsaltsandothersubstancesfromrocksandcarriedthemtotheoceans,makingtheoceansalty.Ontheotherhand,thepersonwhoisreallyguiltyandwhosepastexperiencehaspreparedhimforsuchtestscandistorttheresultsbyanticipatingthecrucialquestionsordeliberatelygivingexaggeratedresponsestoneutralones.-------------------41-45---------------------Thisisanelegant,antimagnetic,waterproof,shock-protectedandheat-resistantwatchwhichismadeofstainlesssteelandhigh-precisionfittings.要點：句子的框架是thisisan…watchwhichismadeof…。這個句中的中心名詞watch既有形容詞作前置定語，又有定語從句作后置定語。一般在翻譯時，將前置定語后置。譯文：這是一只由不銹鋼和高精度配件制成的手表，它既美觀、又防磁、防水、抗震、耐熱Theysendoutpulsesofsoundwaves,pitchedat50,000cyclespersecond,farabovethelimitsofthehumanear,whichcanhearsoundsuptofrequenciesofabout20,000cyclespersecond要點：句子的框架是theysendoutpulsesof…,farabove…thehumanear,whichcanhearsounds…。關系代詞which引導定語從句，修飾humanear。過去分詞短語pitchedat…和介詞短語farabove…作soundwaves的定語。they指代前文的蝙蝠。pitch原意為“定基音”，在此譯為“發出”。譯文：人類的耳朵僅能聽見最高頻率為20000赫茲的聲音，蝙蝠卻可以發送出大超過這個限制的高達50000赫茲的聲波脈沖。Whentheyanalyzedtheserocks,theyfound“shocked”quartzgrains-sliverswithaparticulararrangementofmicrocracksbelievedtorepresenttherelicleftbyanextraterrestrialimpact要點：when引導的時間直接翻譯為“在…的時候”。譯文：在分析這些巖芯時，他們發現“沖擊”石英顆粒——帶有特殊排列的微裂縮縫的薄片，科學家認為他們外層空間來的物體與地球碰撞留下來的遺跡。。Aslanddeveloped,rainwaterandriversdissolvedsaltsandothersubstancesfromrocksandcarriedthemtotheoceans,makingtheoceansalty.要點：as在句中引導的是一個時間狀語從句。譯文：在陸地形成時，雨水和河水溶解了巖石中鹽和其他物質并把他們帶入海洋，使海水變咸。Ontheotherhand,thepersonwhoisreallyguiltyandwhosepastexperiencehaspreparedhimforsuchtestscandistorttheresultsbyanticipatingthecrucialquestionsordeliberatelygivingexaggeratedresponsestoneutralones.要點：句子的框架是ontheotherhand,thepersonwhois…andwhosepastexperiencehas…candistorttheresultsbyanticipating…orgiving…。這是一個簡單復合句。句子的主語the