第一講名詞和冠詞名詞題型分類考題印證命題解讀語(yǔ)法填空1.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thistrend，...,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffects(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.，考查名詞的數(shù)；2．給其他詞性形式(通常為動(dòng)詞、形容詞)提示詞，填寫(xiě)名詞；3．名詞的固定搭配短文改錯(cuò)1.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”word→words2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheIrmations→information1.可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯(cuò)用；2．混淆名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)名詞按其詞匯意義可分為專有名詞和普通名詞。普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。1．可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化一般情況下在詞尾直接加-sbooks，horses，beds，pages以-s，-x，-sh，-ch結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-esglasses，boxes，brushes，watches(例外：stomach→stomachs)以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的名詞，把y變?yōu)閕再加-es；以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加-scities，countries，factories，boys，toys，holidays以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，常在詞尾加-sradios，photos，pianos，zoos(例外：heroes，tomatoes，potatoes)以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，常把f或fe變成v，再加-es；少數(shù)詞尾加-shalf→halves，leaf→leaves，knife→knives，(roofs，chiefs，gulfs，beliefs，proofs)(1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形：deer,sheep,Chinese,means(方式，方法),series,species(2)詞形變化：man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice,ox→oxen(3)合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on,grown-up→grown-ups,stand-by→stand-bys(4)名詞前有man或woman修飾，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)的man/woman和中心詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：womandoctor→womendoctors，manwaiter→menwaiters。3．常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞thanks,congratulations,shoes,trousers,works(著作；工廠),manners(禮貌),spirits(情緒),instructions(操作說(shuō)明),directions(用法說(shuō)明),papers(試卷，文件),times(時(shí)代)等。4．常考的純抽象名詞progress,luggage/baggage,advice,weather,information,equipment,furniture等都只能用作不可數(shù)名詞。eq\a\vs4\al()抽象名詞具體化experience[U]經(jīng)驗(yàn)→anexperience[C]經(jīng)歷surprise[U]驚奇→asurprise[C]令人吃驚的人或事pleasure[U]愉快→apleasure[C]一件樂(lè)事success[U]成功→asuccess[C]一個(gè)(件)成功的人或事comfort[U]安慰→acomfort[C]一個(gè)(件)令人安慰的人或事[對(duì)點(diǎn)演練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1．(2016·四川卷)Anysmellmightattractnaturalenemies(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.2．(2018·淄博模擬)Helostallhiskeys(key)tothedoors，sohehadtogetthemopenedbyforce.3．Thoughwearenowoutofdanger,thebrokenbridgeisstillgreatdangertocardrivers.great前加a名詞構(gòu)詞法英語(yǔ)中構(gòu)成名詞的常見(jiàn)后綴：-ence，-ance，-tion，-sion，-ment，-ness，-age，-th，-ure，-dom等。exist→existence accept→acceptanceproduce→production express→expressiondevelop→development blind→blindnessmarry→marriage warm→warmthplease→pleasure fail→failuresign→signature wise→wisdom[對(duì)點(diǎn)演練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2018·廣東揭陽(yáng)模擬)Mikewasdyingtoapplyforanewjob,buthewasunconfidentofhimself,forhethoughtofhimselfasafailure(fail)andunworthyofsuccess.2．(2018·河北武邑中學(xué)一調(diào))Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureandconvenience(convenient)ofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingcheated.3．(安徽卷)—Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudon’thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That’sagoodsuggestion(suggest)．名詞的固定搭配名詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配主要有兩類：“介詞＋名詞”和“動(dòng)詞＋名詞”。?？嫉母哳l短語(yǔ)：(1)beyondrecognition 無(wú)法辨認(rèn)ingreatdemand 需求量很大withpatience 耐心地bychance/accident 偶然ataloss 不知所措inadvance 提前infavorof 支持，贊成onpurpose 故意地(2)have/gainaccessto 可以獲得takeadvantageof 利用，趁……之機(jī)makeuseof 利用findfaultwith 挑……的錯(cuò)keeppacewith 與……同步putanendto 結(jié)束……takenoticeof 注意到oaccount/consideration 考慮……catchsightof 看見(jiàn)makeadifference 有影響；有關(guān)系dodamageto 損害……keep/bearinmind 記住attachimportanceto 重視……taketheplaceof 取代，代替takepridein 以……自豪takepossessionof 占有(3)makepreparationsfor 為……做準(zhǔn)備takepainstodo 盡力，刻苦make(both)endsmeet 使收支相抵taketurnstodo 輪流做beinhighspirits 興致勃勃burstintotears 放聲大哭inalldirections (朝)四面八方makecontributionsto 對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)[對(duì)點(diǎn)演練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2018·安徽江淮十校聯(lián)考)Aboveall,wehumanbeingsaresupposedtoliveinharmony(harmonious)withnature.2．(2018·武漢武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)Drivenbythecuriosity(curious)inmyheart,IcametoChinaandtookpartinacruise(乘船度假)alongpartoftheriverlastyear.3．ManyparentsinChinaalwaysattachtoomuchimportance(important)towords,orderingtheirchildrentodothisorthat.eq\a\vs4\al()名詞與語(yǔ)法填空詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題：“句子成分”是關(guān)鍵(1)如果要填的詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)要考慮名詞形式；(2)如果要填的詞被形容詞、定冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞所修飾要考慮名詞形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)題：“牢記規(guī)則”辨是非(1)如果空格處被these,several,many和數(shù)詞等修飾時(shí)，要考慮名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；(2)如果一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞原形或are，要考慮用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞與短文改錯(cuò)遇到名詞，首先想到是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞；看到several，afew，many，oneof，three，anumberof等要想到名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；看到information，advice，progress，knowledge等。要想到它們是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式；看到冠詞等修飾詞，要想到應(yīng)用名詞形式；形容詞和名詞都可作表語(yǔ)，但形容詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)(how)，名詞作表語(yǔ)則說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、職業(yè)等(what)。冠詞題型分類考題印證命題解讀語(yǔ)法填空1.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.近五年高考對(duì)冠詞的考查主要集中在冠詞表泛指、特指的基本用法以及常見(jiàn)的固定搭配中的冠詞上短文改錯(cuò)1.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.第一個(gè)a→an/one2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinpicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.picture前加the1.不定冠詞a和an的錯(cuò)用；2．不定冠詞a(n)和定冠詞the的錯(cuò)用；3．單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前冠詞的缺失；4．冠詞的多余；5．常見(jiàn)固定搭配中冠詞的缺失與多余不定冠詞不定冠詞用于表示泛指，一般修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，有a和an兩種形式。當(dāng)緊跟冠詞的名詞的第一個(gè)音素是輔音音素(不一定是輔音字母)時(shí)，用不定冠詞a；當(dāng)緊跟冠詞的名詞的第一個(gè)音素是元音音素(不一定是元音字母)時(shí)，用不定冠詞an。1．不定冠詞的基本用法(1)用作可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個(gè)。◆(全國(guó)卷)Itisgenerallyacceptedthataboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeaman.人們普遍認(rèn)為男孩子必須學(xué)會(huì)像男人那樣站起來(lái)戰(zhàn)斗。(2)用在專有名詞前表示“某一個(gè)”相當(dāng)于acertain?！簟狤xcuseme,wouldyoupleasegivetheiPadtoJohn?——打擾一下，請(qǐng)你把這個(gè)iPad給約翰好嗎？—Sorry,butIdon’tthinkthere’saJohninourclass.——對(duì)不起，但是我認(rèn)為在我們班里沒(méi)有叫約翰的。(3)用在“be＋of＋a/an＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“同一，相同”時(shí)，相當(dāng)于beofthesame＋名詞。◆Thetwoplantslookdifferent,buttheyareofakind(＝areofthesamekind)．這兩種植物看上去不同，但屬于同一類。2．不定冠詞的活用(1)用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一”。◆(北京卷)Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,younevergetasecondchancetomakeafirstimpression.最初的印象最持久。畢竟，你不可能有機(jī)會(huì)給別人再留下一個(gè)第一印象。(2)不定冠詞可以用于某些具體化的抽象名詞前，常考的具體化的抽象名詞：success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,pity,danger,comfort,honour等?！?山東卷)Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.在艱苦的時(shí)期，能夠買得起一杯飲料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。(3)有些不可數(shù)名詞如knowledge,collection,understandingof...of...時(shí)，前面需用不定冠詞a/an。havea(good)knowledgeof...“精通……”；havea(n)(clear)/goodunderstandingof...“了解……”。◆(2018·煙臺(tái)模擬)Ifyoudon’thaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish,it’soutofthequestionforyoutouseitflexiblyandfluently.如果你不能精通英語(yǔ)，那么何談靈活而流利地運(yùn)用它呢。3．用于固定搭配中allofasudden 突然地asamatteroffact 事實(shí)上ataloss 不知所措；困惑payavisitto 參觀；拜訪be/goonadiet 節(jié)食givelift 讓某人搭便車haveagiftfor... 在……方面有天賦haveawordwith 與……談話makeafoolof 愚弄inahurry 匆忙地inaway 從某種意義上說(shuō)keepaneyeon 留意；留神makealiving 謀生awasteof... 浪費(fèi)……onceinawhile 偶爾asaresult/consequence 因此[對(duì)點(diǎn)演練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1．(2018·重慶一中月考)“Thematchbetweenthesetwoteamsisgreat，”saidJim,andIhopetoseeasecond.2．(2015·四川卷)Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic；heisverylikelytobeaBeethoven.3．(2018·山東臨沭一中月考)InthecarparkthereGinanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.在第二個(gè)car前加a定冠詞1．定冠詞的基本用法(1)指雙方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名詞前?！?2015·重慶卷)IjustheardthebankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedbyagunmanwearingamask.我剛剛聽(tīng)說(shuō)多拉工作的那家銀行被一名持槍蒙面人搶劫了。(2)用于某些形容詞或分詞前，表示一類人?！?2016·四川卷)We’renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.我們并不是說(shuō)每個(gè)人都需要為窮人貢獻(xiàn)自己的一切。(3)用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)以及形容詞only,very,same前，以及對(duì)兩個(gè)人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)起特定作用的比較級(jí)前。◆(陜西卷)Asisknowntoall,thePeople’sRepublicofChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.眾所周知，中華人民共和國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家?！鬞hisbookisthebetteroneofthetwo.這本書(shū)是這兩者中較好的那一本。eq\a\vs4\al()a與most連用，位于形容詞前時(shí)，most是表示程度的副詞，意為“非?！?；the與most連用，位于形容詞或副詞前時(shí)，most是最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志，意為“最……的”。(4)用于“by＋the＋表示計(jì)量單位的名詞(day/hour/dozen等)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“按……計(jì)算”。但size,weight這類名詞跟by連用時(shí)不加定冠詞?！鬑ewassurprisedtofindthatbooksaresoldbyweightinthisbookstore,thatis,bythekilogram.他驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)在這家書(shū)店書(shū)是按重量來(lái)賣，也就是說(shuō)是按公斤來(lái)賣的。(5)用于“動(dòng)詞(hit,strike,pull,take等)＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋表示身體部位的名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中的the不可用物主代詞代替。hitsb.onthehead 打某人的頭pull/takesb.bythehand 拉/抓住某人的手striketheface 打某人的臉2．用于固定搭配中atthemoment 此刻；目前bytheway 順便說(shuō)一下intheway 阻礙；擋路gotothecinema/theater 去看電影/戲劇inthedistance 在遠(yuǎn)處inthehabitof... 有……的習(xí)慣makethemost/bestof 充分利用notintheleast 一點(diǎn)也不onthecontrary 與此相反ontheotherhand 另一方面theotherday 幾天之前totell(you)thetruth (跟你)說(shuō)實(shí)話tothepoint 中肯；切題taketheplaceof 代替forthetimebeing 暫時(shí)[對(duì)點(diǎn)演練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1．(2018·山東壽光現(xiàn)代中學(xué)月考)Theunsuccessfulperson,ontheotherhand,workslittleandjustwaitstoseethempassby.2．①Q(mào)ingdaoisamostbeautifulcoastalcityandIbelieveIwillcomeforasecondtime.②XiamenisthemostbeautifulcoastalcityIhaveeverseensothatIwillcomeagain.3．(2018·江西南昌聯(lián)考)Theyonlyeatwhattheylikeandnevertouchfoodtheydon’tlikeeveniftheyreallyneeditfortheirhealth.food前加the零冠詞1．零冠詞的基本用法(1)用于不含普通名詞的純專有名詞或表示泛指的抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前?！?2015·福建卷)Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmonywithnature.人類生活被認(rèn)為是自然的一部分，因此我們生存的唯一方式就是要與自然和諧相處?！?江西卷)TheSmithsdon’tusuallylikestayingathotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelbythesea.史密斯夫婦通常不喜歡住旅館，但去年夏天他們?cè)诤＿叺囊粋€(gè)很舒適的旅館住了幾天。(2)名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any等指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞等限定詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)不用冠詞?！鬍achstudentmusthandinhisexercisebookbytheendofthisweek.每個(gè)學(xué)生必須在本周末交作業(yè)本。(3)表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前通常用零冠詞?！?四川卷)Dr.PeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus,“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”這所學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)彼得·斯彭斯博士告訴我們：“這里五分之一的學(xué)生都會(huì)到牛津大學(xué)或者劍橋大學(xué)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)?！?4)用于表示無(wú)特指意義的季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名詞及球類、棋類和學(xué)科名詞前?！鬙fallthesubjects,Ilikehistorybestbecauseitgivesusausefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.在所有科目中，我最喜歡歷史，因?yàn)槲覀兛梢詮闹辛私庠S多過(guò)去的有益的知識(shí)。2．用于固定搭配中atdawn/dusk/night/noon 在黎明/黃昏/夜晚/中午on/catchfire 著火bymistake 錯(cuò)誤地bychance/accident 碰巧inhistory 在歷史上underrepair在維修中handinhand手拉手doharmto...對(duì)……有害onpurpose故意地inplace在正確位置indanger在危險(xiǎn)中makeroomfor...為……讓出空間inreturn作為回報(bào)atpresent目前aheadoftime提前inadvance提前l(fā)oseheart灰心outofcontrol失控eq\a\vs4\al()有無(wú)冠詞意義不同的搭配attable 在吃飯atthetable 在桌子旁atschool 在上學(xué)attheschool 在學(xué)校inhospital 住院inthehospital 在醫(yī)院里inchargeof 掌管inthechargeof... 在……掌管之中outofquestion 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)outofthequestion 不可能[對(duì)點(diǎn)演練]——單句改錯(cuò)1．(2018·四川成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)月考)ItoldhimIcouldnotgotothecollegebecauseIdidnotwanttostudyanymore.去掉the2．(2018·福建福州十三中期中)Howareyou?TodayI’vegotawonderfulnewstotellyou.去掉a3．SamhasbeenappointedthemanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.去掉manager前的theeq\a\vs4\al()冠詞與語(yǔ)法填空觀察空格后部分的中心詞是否是名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)，因?yàn)楣谠~唯一作用就是用來(lái)修飾名詞；準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)境，確定空格所填詞表示泛指還是特指；理解空格所在句子的意義，分析所填詞是否是冠詞活用或固定用法。冠詞與短文改錯(cuò)做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)首先要看名詞是否可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞，故不可數(shù)名詞前的不定冠詞為多余；而可數(shù)名詞前若無(wú)冠詞，則為冠詞缺失，必須添加相應(yīng)的冠詞。如果名詞表示特指，則應(yīng)用定冠詞the；做題時(shí)要看可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞前修飾詞的讀音。元音音素前用an，輔音音素前用a。特別注意useful,hour,honest等的讀音；牢記冠詞的固定搭配，確定冠詞的增與刪。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2018·安徽六校聯(lián)考)Asabusinessman,Mr.Greenisacompletefailure.Beinglazymaywellbeoneofthe__disadvantages(advantage)tohisfailure.2．(2018·哈師大附中月考)AsfarasIamconcerned,mysuggestion(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishdictionarywithineasyreach.3．(2018·安徽宿州期末)LiHuahasagoodknowledgeofEnglishandthiswillbeanadvantageoverothersinfindingaproperjob.4．(2018·寧波十校聯(lián)考)Duetotheapplication(apply)ofthismedicaltechnology,somediseasescanbetreatedatanearlystage.5．(2018·陜西西安一中期中)Itriedtoappearateasewhentheforeignguestgreetedmebykissingmeonthecheek.6．(2018·湖南長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)期中)—Whendidyoumeetherlast?—Idon’trememberexactly,butI’msureitwasanunforgettableFridaywhenIwentforawalkafterawonderfullunch.7．Wehavetotakeenvironmentalprotectionintoconsideration(consider)whendevelopingtheeconomy.8．Yesterdaythefiremen(fireman)examinedthegroundbutwerenotabletofindanycluestothecauseofthefire.9．Pleasereadtheinstructions(instruct)onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.10．—Ofthetwoapples,whichonedoyouprefer?—Thebiggerone.Itisamostdeliciousone,Ithink.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯(cuò)1．(2018·山西四校聯(lián)考)Oneofourteacherswasinthechargeofthisactivityandhedividedusintofourgroups.去掉the2．(2018·江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Idon’tthinktheexperimentisfailure.Atleastwehavegainedanexperienceforfuturesuccess.在failure前加a;__去掉experience前的an3．(2018·合肥八中段考)Theairportbusleavesevery30minuteandwilltakeyourighttotheFriendshipHotel.minute→minutes4．—HowcanItakethemedicine,sir?—Justfollowthedirectiononthebottle.direction→directions5．Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadvicesandgiveupsmoking.advices→adviceeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語(yǔ)法填空(2018·安徽師大附中、馬鞍山二中階段性測(cè)試)Overtheyears,Ihavemetsomeinterestingpeople.Twoof1.____________mostinterestingpeopleweretwoelderlysisters,JoanandBernice,2.____________wayoftalkingaboutpeopleinspiredme.Itwasalwaysa3.____________(pleasant)tovisitthesetwosisters.Justbeinggreetedatthedoorwasacouldn’tbe(happy)whenseeingme.Ialwaysheardaboutthepeoplewhoweretherebeforeme.Everyperson(talk)aboutinapositiveway.Theconversationwouldgosomethinglikethis,“Oh,Kay,so-and-sowashereyesterday,she6.____________(be)just‘thesaltoftheearth’，isn’tshe？”Theothersisterwouldreply,“Oh,yes!Youjustcan’tbelieve7.____________wonderfulsheis.”Ineverheardtheysaidanegativewordaboutanyone.NEVER!Iunderstoodwhythesetwohadsomuchcompanywhenotherpeoplecomplainedthatnoonecaredabout8.____________(they).Itwastheirattitudepeople.Therewasnodoubtthatwhenthenextpersoncametovisit,hewasgoingtohearhowIwas“thesaltoftheearth”．Whatawonderfulexamplethesetwoelderlysistersweretome!Iwillalwaysbe10.____________(thank)thatIhadtheopportunitytoknowthem.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了作者所認(rèn)識(shí)的一對(duì)很有趣的姐妹的故事。1．the解析：考查冠詞。由空后的mostinteresting的提示可知，應(yīng)用定冠詞修飾。2．whose解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，先行詞為JoanandBernice。3．pleasure解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和冠詞a的提示可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞形式。4．happier解析：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。否定詞與比較級(jí)連用相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)含義，與上文的joy呼應(yīng)。5．wastalked解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。Everyperson和talk構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；再由前一句的時(shí)態(tài)可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6．is解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由附加問(wèn)句isn’tshe可知，此處應(yīng)用is。7．how解析：考查連接副詞。how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句且在從句中修飾形容詞wonderful。8．them解析：考查代詞。介詞about后應(yīng)跟代詞的賓格形式且表示“他們”，故填