Chapter6ResourcesofCompetitiveAdvantage總體要求競爭優勢的來源在于企業自身獨特的、能為顧客創造價值的資源和能力，而且能較競爭對手更快、更好地滿足顧客的價值需要。從這一基本思路出發，探討如何分析企業自身獨特的資源和能力；如何運用價值創新理念和工具創造獨特價值地位。outline具體目標競爭優勢涵義資源能力培育顧客價值實現價值創新導向競爭優勢：以資源與組織能力（活動）為基礎，以制度認同為約束，通過提供用戶認為是物有所值的產品或服務，比競爭對手更好地創造用戶所需的價值來實現。6.1競爭優勢涵義競爭優勢源泉：戰略性資產——知識和獨特資源競爭優勢約束：制度和社會認同；使命、理念、社會責任的兼顧；競爭優勢根本：用戶導向的價值創新和能力激活獨特資源--戰略性資產稀缺性/不可流動性不可模仿性緘默性/潛移默化性顧客價值性延展性/滲透性無法學：稀缺與專用資源及能力（不可流動：無形、環境、組合）學不全：不可言傳的經驗、知識和技能、不可模仿的活動能力不敢學：戰略性恐嚇和威脅不愿學：先發優勢、情理相告、思維惰性難替代：品牌優勢、技術優勢、成本領先PhilosophyofknowledgemanagementAprocessofknowledgeflowtosupportcashandmaterialflowEfficiencyandeffectivenessofinformationflowInput--knowledgeactivities--output

Knowledge&DistinctiveResourcesStructureofknowledgemanagementKnowledgemanagementcircleKnowledgemanagementplatformSupportsystems:hardwareandsoftware

TodeliverthemostsuitableknowledgetothemostsuitablepersoninthemostsuitabletimeandspaceHumanresourcecapital

StructuredCapitalKnowledgeManagementCircle(KMC)KnowledgediscoveryKnowledgeaccumulationKnowledgeMaintenanceKnowledgeApplicationKnowledgecreationKnowledgelearningKnowledgeinventoryKnowledgesharingnetworkIncentivesystemOrgan.structureOrgan.cultureOrganizationalsupportsystemDatabasedigDatabaseinventoryIntranetTechnicalsupportsystemFrameworkofKnowledgeManagementKnowledge-CreatingProcessesSocialization(sympathizedknowledge)Externalization(conceptualknowledge)Internalization(operationalknowledge)Combination(systematicknowledge)TacitKnowledgeExplicitKnowledgeTacitKnowledgeExplicitKnowledgeFromToSource:Nonaka&Takeuchi,TheKnowledgeCreatingCompany,OxfordUniversityPress,1995.

戰略資源與能力分析資源與能力關系——當能力必須依附于特定資源才能發揮作用時，人就會喪失自我，變成資源的附庸和奴隸；——當能力幾乎不需要任何資源就能充分發揮作用時，人就能找到自我，變成獨立于資源的生命主體——當人是資源的附庸時，資源是持續發展之源；當人獨立于資源成為生命主體時，留住人成為企業長期發展之本。討論：以個體為載體的緘默知識是資源還是能力？資源與能力概念——資源：外顯、靜態、有形的客觀役使對象——能力：潛在、動態、無形的主觀能動條件ResourceauditCompetenciesInseparateactivitiesThroughlinkingactivitiesAssessingbalanceResourcesCompetencesBusinessunitsCoreCompetenciesTooutperformcompetitionTocreatenewopportunityIdentifyingkeyissuesSWOTanalysisCriticalsuccessfactorsUnderstandingstrategiccapabilityRigiditiesPreventingchangeComparisonHistoricalIndustrynormsBenchmarkingAnalysingstrategiccapability問題：什么因素滋養客戶的忠誠