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一、詞匯和語法(1-201.Itisobviousthatthisnewruleisapplicabletoeveryonewithout_____.A.exceptionB.exclusionC.modificationD.substitution[答案]A[譯文]很明顯,這條規(guī)定合用于任何人,沒有例外。[解析]Withoutexception為固定搭配,表達(dá)“毫無例外,無一例外”。Exclusion表達(dá)“排除,排外”;modification的意思是“更改,修正”;substitution表達(dá)“替代”。2.Lastnighthesawtwodark____(dá)_enterthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.A.featuresB.figuresC.sketchesD.images[答案]B[譯文]昨天晚上他看見兩個(gè)黑影進(jìn)了大樓,然后就發(fā)生了爆炸。[解析]Feature表達(dá)“特性,特點(diǎn)”;sketch的意思是“素描,梗概,草圖”;image表達(dá)“形象”;而figure表達(dá)“外形,輪廓,體型”,符合上下文。3.Facedwithrapidinflat(yī)ionand___(dá)__internationalandhomemarkets,manyfirmshavedeclaredbankrupt.A.lesseningB.shorteningC.shrinkingD.withdrawing[答案]C。考察近義動(dòng)詞的語義辨析。各選項(xiàng)的意思及用法分別是:選項(xiàng)Alessening減少,減輕,側(cè)重指限度、重要性等的減輕。如:Thedefeatlessenedourchancesofwinningthechampionship.本次失敗使我們奪冠的希望變得更加渺茫。lessentheburdenof減輕承擔(dān);選項(xiàng)Bshortening縮短,變短,如Thedaysarebeginningtoshorten.天開始變短了。shortenthegapbetween縮小……之間的差距;選項(xiàng)Cshrinking使收縮,縮小,減少,側(cè)重指尺寸、大小等的變小。如:Thenumberofstudentsattendingthelecturehasshrunk.聽講座的學(xué)生人數(shù)減少了。Willthissoapshrinkwoolenclothes?這種肥皂會(huì)使羊毛衣服縮水嗎?選項(xiàng)Dwithdrawing收回,撤退,撤消,如:Afterawhile,hewithdrewhisproposal.過了一會(huì)兒,他撤回了他的建議。根據(jù)題意可判斷出選項(xiàng)C應(yīng)為對的答案。全句意思是“面對通貨膨脹和日益縮小的國際國內(nèi)市場,許多公司都已宜布破產(chǎn)”。4.We'dbettereliminatejunkfoodsfromourkitchenandkeepavarietyofhigh-qualityfoods_____at(yī)alltimes.A.availableB.desirableC.enormousD.numerous[答案]A。考察形容詞語義環(huán)境。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是:選項(xiàng)Aavailable現(xiàn)成可使用的,在手邊的,可運(yùn)用的;選項(xiàng)Bdesirable稱心如意的,值得有的,如IenvyJanebecauseherjobissodesirable.我很羨慕簡,由于她有一份很稱心的工作。選項(xiàng)Cenormous巨大的,極大的,龐大的;選項(xiàng)Dnumerous許多的,很多的,如:Thisisaconclusionhehasdrawnfromnumerousfacts.這是他從很多事實(shí)當(dāng)中得出的結(jié)論。根據(jù)題干可判斷出選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)為對的答案。全句的意思為“我們應(yīng)清除廚房里的垃圾食品,而使各種高質(zhì)量的食物隨手可及”。5.Thepurposeofyourresumeisto__(dá)__(dá)_enoughinterestinyoutohaveanemployercontactyouforaerview.A.assembleB.generateC.yieldD.gather[答案]B。考察動(dòng)詞的語義辨析。各選項(xiàng)的意思分別是:選項(xiàng)Aassemble意為“集合,聚集,召集;裝配”,如:Thewholeschoolassembledinthemainhall.全校學(xué)生在大禮堂集合。Beforeyouassemblethemodelplane,readtheinstructions.在你組裝模型飛機(jī)前,先讀說明書。選項(xiàng)Bgenerate意為“生成,產(chǎn)生(光、熱、電等;引起(愛好等”,如:NewsoftheQueen'svisitisgeneratingalotofexcitement.女皇來訪的消息使大家感到非常興奮。選項(xiàng)Cyield意為“生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)生(利潤、回報(bào)等;投降,屈服”,如:Hisbusinessyieldsbigprofits.他的生意利潤豐厚。選項(xiàng)Dgather意為“聚集,集合;收集,采集”,如:Manypeoplegatheredinthetownsquare.很多人聚集在市政廣場。該題需注意選項(xiàng)B和選項(xiàng)C在搭配上的區(qū)別。根據(jù)題意,選項(xiàng)B應(yīng)為對的答案。全句意思為是“簡歷就是要充足引起雇主對你的愛好,并達(dá)成進(jìn)一步聯(lián)系面試的目的”。6.Someconceptsmaybedifficulttograspchieflybecausetheymaybeunfamiliaror_____(dá)ideas,opinionswhichwealreadyhold.A.inaccordancewithB.inconflictwithC.infavorofD.inresponseto[答案]B。考察介詞短語的語義。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是:選項(xiàng)Ainaccordancewith依照,根據(jù);選項(xiàng)Binconflictwith與……相沖突;選項(xiàng)Cinfavorof支持,贊同;選項(xiàng)Dinresponseto作為對……的反映。根據(jù)題意可判斷出選項(xiàng)B為對的答案。全句的意思為“一些觀念很難讓人領(lǐng)略重要是由于我們對其不熟悉或者是由于與我們原有的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾”。7.Thecitygovernmenthasdeterminedtoget___(dá)__withpeoplewhotrytoescapepayingtaxes.A.roughB.toughC.rigidD.bold[答案]B。考察形容詞語義及搭配。能與介詞with搭配的只有選項(xiàng)Btough,gettoughwith/onsb.意為“對……采用堅(jiān)決態(tài)度;對……采用強(qiáng)硬手段”。其余選項(xiàng)的意思分別是:選項(xiàng)Arough意為“粗糙的;粗野的,粗暴的;粗略的,大體的”;選項(xiàng)Crigid(行為觀點(diǎn)等嚴(yán)格的,死板的,不易改變的;選項(xiàng)Dbold意為“勇敢的,無畏的;冒失的,魯莽的”。全句的意思是“政府部門決心采用強(qiáng)硬手段來懲辦偷稅人員”。8.Humanbeingsaresuperiortoanimals_____theycanuselanguageasatooltocommunicate.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.inthat(yī)D.forthat答案:C詳解:答案為C。inthat表達(dá)“由于,既然”9.Doyouknowthenameofthat(yī)_____insect?A.funny,little,red,mosquito-likeB.little,funny,mosquito-like,redC.red,little,funny,mosquito-likeD.mosquito-like,red,little,funny答案:A詳解:答案為A。本題考核修飾語的排列順序:限定詞—數(shù)詞—一般描繪性形容詞—表達(dá)大小、形狀的形容詞—表達(dá)年齡、新舊的形容詞—表達(dá)色彩的形容詞—表達(dá)國籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞—表達(dá)物質(zhì)、材料的形容詞—表達(dá)用途、類別的形容詞—被修飾名詞。了解個(gè)大約順序,假如記不得,只有讀幾遍憑語感來選擇。10.Thetimehascome___(dá)__wemakeextensiveuseofnuclearenergy.A.WhenB.whileC.asD.since答案:A詳解:答案為A。when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾time,有時(shí)為了使句子平衡,也就是使主語不必過長,而把定語從句或同位語從句后置于謂語之后。如:Thenewscamethatourteamwonthematch.11.ProfessorBlackandprofessorSmithwill_____ingivingtheclasslectures.A.alterB.changeC.alternateD.differ答案:C詳解:答案為C。alternate指“交替”;alter指“改變”。12.Wedriveourcarfastandsoon__(dá)___othercarsontheroad.A.overseeB.overtakeC.overrunD.override答案:B【譯文】我們開得不久,一會(huì)兒就超越了公路上的其他汽車。【注釋】overtake“追上,趕上,超過”。oversee“俯瞰;監(jiān)督,監(jiān)視”。overrun“溢出;(侵略軍橫行于”。override“奔越過,踐踏過;制服,壓倒”。13.Arethereanyotherfactorsthatmightaffectthedevelopmentofachild______educationandinnateinability?A.apartfromB.awayfromC.farfromD.butfor答案:A詳解:應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。apartfrom除……之外,awayfrom遠(yuǎn)離,farfrom遠(yuǎn)非,butfor要不是。句意為:除了教育和先天的局限性,尚有什么其他因素會(huì)影響一個(gè)孩子的發(fā)展?14.Iwouldneverhaveencouragedyoutogointothisfield____(dá)_itwouldbesohardforyou.A.hadIknownB.a(chǎn)ndIhadknownC.shouldIknowD.butIknew答案:A詳解:應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。此句為虛擬語氣,假如條件從句中包具有一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞,可把if省略,這時(shí)助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)放在主語前面。句意為:要是我知道這件事情對你如此之難,我就不會(huì)鼓勵(lì)你進(jìn)入這個(gè)領(lǐng)域。15.Readingistothemind_____foodistothebody.A.whatB.thatC.similarD.which答案:A詳解:應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。what是關(guān)系代詞,AistoBwhat(yī)CistoD,A對于B之間的關(guān)系如同C對于D。句意為:讀書對于大腦來說就像食物對于身體同樣。16.Jane's_____(dá)forgardeningisevidentbyallofthesebeautifulflowers.A.acquaintanceB.familiarityC.achievementD.enthusiasm答案:D詳解:應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。enthusiasm熱衷,狂熱,acquaintance相識(shí),familiarity熟悉,achievement成就,功績。句意為:從這些美麗的花可以明顯看出簡對園藝的熱衷。17.Inthe1850'sHarrietBeecherStowe's"UncleTom'sCabin"becamethebestsellerofthegeneration,__(dá)___ahostofimitators.A.inspiringB.inspiredC.inspiredbyD.toinspire答案:A詳解:應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。分詞短語做狀語。句意為:19世紀(jì)50年代,斯托的《湯姆叔叔的小屋》成為30年來的暢銷書,因而激起了一大群偽造者。18.Theyhavemadea___(dá)__plantobuildasuspensionbridgeovertheriver.A.baldB.boundC.boldD.bare答案:C詳解:應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。bold大膽的,bald光禿的,bound被束縛了的,bare赤裸的;無遮蓋的。句意為:他們已做出了一個(gè)大膽的計(jì)劃要在這條河上建一所吊橋。19.Herhumorousremarksseemed___(dá)__,butwereinfactcarefullypreparedbeforehand.A.preciseB.blankC.spontaneousD.bold答案:C詳解:應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。spontaneous自發(fā)的;自然產(chǎn)生的,precise精確的;準(zhǔn)確的,blank空白的;空著的,bold大膽的。句意為:她的風(fēng)趣的評(píng)論看起來仿佛很自然,但是事實(shí)上是事先認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備好的。20.Arethereanyotherfactorsthatmightaffectthedevelopmentofachild___(dá)__educationandinnateinability?A.apartfromB.a(chǎn)wayfromC.farfromD.butfor答案:A詳解:應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。apartfrom除……之外,awayfrom遠(yuǎn)離,farfrom遠(yuǎn)非,butfor要不是。句意為:除了教育和先天的局限性,尚有什么其他因素會(huì)影響一個(gè)孩子的發(fā)展?二、閱讀理解(21-40)Wheredopesticides(殺蟲劑fitintothepictureofenvironmentaldisease?Wehaveseenthat(yī)theynowpollutesoil,water,andfood,thattheyhavethepowertomakeourstreamsfishlessandourgardensandwoodlandssilentandbirdless.Man,howevermuchhemayliketopretendthecontrary,ispartofnature.Canhee(cuò)scapeapollutionthatisnowsothoroughlydistributedthroughoutourworld?Weknowthatevensingleexposurestothesechemicals,iftheamountislargee(cuò)nough,cancauseextremelyseverepoisoning.Butthisisnotthemajorproblem.Thesuddenillnessordeathoffarmers,farmworkers,andothersexposedtosufficientquantitiesofpesticidesisverysadandshouldnotoccur.Forthepopulationasawhole,wemustbemoreconcernedwiththedelayedeffectsofabsorbingsmallamountsofthepesticidesthatinvisiblypolluteourworld.Responsiblepublichealthofficialshavepointedoutthatthebiologicaleffectsofchemicalsarecumulativeoverlongperiodsoftime,andthat(yī)thedangertotheindividualmaydependonthesumoftheexposuresreceivedthroughouthislifetime.Fortheseveryreasonsthedangeriseasilyignored.Itishumannaturetoshakeoffwhatmaysee(cuò)mtousathreatoffuturedisaster."Menarenaturallymostimpressedbydiseaseswhichhaveobvioussigns,"saysawisephysician,Dr.ReneDubos,"yetsomeoftheirworstenemiesslowlyapproachthemunnoticed."21.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothesentence"Man,...ispartofnature."(Line3,Para.1)?A.Manappearsindifferenttowhat(yī)happensinnature.B.Manactsasifhedoesnotbelongtonature.C.Mancanavoidtheeffectsofenvironmentalpollution.D.Mancanescapehisresponsibilitiesforenvironmentalprotection.答案:B詳解:B)。詞匯題。答題關(guān)鍵在于對的理解"liketopretendthecontrary"幾個(gè)詞的含義,這幾個(gè)詞字面原意為:喜歡假裝相反。把它與原句結(jié)合起來看,這一句的意思是:人類,盡管經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)得恰好相反,卻是自然的一部分。據(jù)此句意來套四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng),就可看出B)(人類表現(xiàn)得仿佛他不屬于自然是對的答案。22.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheenvironmentaleffectsofpesticides?A.Pessimistic.B.Indifferent.C.Defensive.D.Concerned.答案:D詳解:D)。觀點(diǎn)題。本文就作者對殺蟲劑的環(huán)境后果的態(tài)度提問。縱觀全文可知,作者在文中一一描述了殺蟲劑明顯和潛在的兩方面危險(xiǎn),提醒人們重視其緩慢的長期效應(yīng),可見作者對這一問題是“關(guān)切的”D)項(xiàng)),而非是“漠不關(guān)心的”B)項(xiàng))。同時(shí),作者在文中并未悲天憫人,認(rèn)為殺蟲劑的危害已不可救藥,所以A)項(xiàng)“悲觀的”也不符合題意。而C)項(xiàng)“防御性的”,在文中并無根據(jù),由于在文中作者并未提出該如何解決殺蟲劑的環(huán)境后果問題,因此只有D)是最符合題意的對的答案。23.Intheauthor'sview,thesuddendeathcausedbyexposuretolargeamountsofpesticides____(dá)_.A.isnottheworstofthenegat(yī)iveconsequencesresultingfromtheuseofpesticidesB.nowoccursmostfrequentlyamongallaccidentaldeathsC.hassharplyincreasedsoastobecomethecenterofpublicattentionD.isunavoidablebecausepeoplecan'tdowithoutpesticidesinfarming答案:A詳解:A)。推斷題。本題的答案重要見于第二段。從"Butthisisnotthemajorproblem".(但這并不是重要問題及"...,wemustbemoreconcernedwiththedelayedeffects...,(我們必須更關(guān)切由于小劑量地吸取無形中污染了我們世界的殺蟲劑而導(dǎo)致的延遲的后果”我們可從中推斷出作者認(rèn)為“由于大劑量吸入殺蟲劑而忽然致死”還不是最糟糕的情況,故A)是對的的。而B)、C)、D)項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容在文中均未提及,所以無法判斷是否是作者的觀點(diǎn),因而不能入選對的答案。24.Peopletendtoignorethedelayedeffectsofexposuretochemicalsbecause_____.A.limitedexposuretothemdoeslittleharmtopeople'shealthB.thepresentismoreimportantforthemthanthefutureC.thedangerdoesnotbecomeapparentimmediatelyD.humansarecapableofwithstandingsmallamountsofpoisoning答案:C詳解:C)。推斷題。本題可用篩選法,一一排除錯(cuò)誤答案。人們?nèi)菀缀鲆曃胗卸净瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)所帶來的延遲后果,到底是由于什么呢?先看A):有限的吸取不會(huì)給人類健康帶來危害。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)的生物效果是累積的,并且累積越多,危險(xiǎn)越大,因此,即使是有限的吸取,也會(huì)有潛伏的危險(xiǎn),可見A)項(xiàng)內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤。同樣D)項(xiàng)“人類能經(jīng)受住小劑量有毒物質(zhì)危害”顯然也不對。再看B):現(xiàn)在比將來重要。根據(jù)最后一段第三句,人類的本性是會(huì)忽略將來的危險(xiǎn)的,但這并不等于說現(xiàn)在就更重要,所以B)項(xiàng)也沒有對的解釋本題中的因素。只有C)項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)并沒有立刻顯示出來”,符合原文意旨,特別是最后一句的句意,所以C)是對的答案。25.ItcanbeconcludedfromDr.Dubos'remarksthat__(dá)___.A.peoplefindinvisiblediseasesdifficulttodealwithB.attacksbyhiddenenemiestendtobefatalC.diseaseswithobvioussignsareeasytocureD.peopletendtooverlookhiddendangerscausedbypesticides答案:D詳解:D。推斷題。本題關(guān)鍵在于對的理解Dr.Dubos的評(píng)論。原句意為:人類很自然地最容易對那些具有征兆的疾病印象深刻,然而有些最致命的疾病卻是慢慢地毫無察覺地?fù)糁兴麄兊摹?jù)此句意,可以容易地推斷出D)為對的答案。Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoesnotliveuptothemanufacturer'sclaimforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty(保單,oranyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases,thisactionwillproduceresults.However,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeanstheconsumermayusetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersistocomplaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the"higherup"theconsumertakeshisorheplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itisusuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavour,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.Consumersshoudcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceofpurchase,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhentheconsumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeiteminquestion.Ifthiscannotbedone,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,rat(yī)herthanbymakinggeneralstat(yī)ements.Forexample,"Theleftspeakerdoesnotworkatallandthesoundcomingoutoftherightoneisunclear"isbetterthan"Thisstereo(立體聲音響doesnotwork."Thestoremanagermayadvisetheconsumertowritetothemanufacturer.Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,statingthecomplaintaspolitelyandasfirmlyaspossible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethedesiredresult,theconsumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellertocourtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganizationresponsibleforprotectingconsumers‘rights.26.Whenaconsumerfindsthathispurchasehasafaultinit,thefirstthingheshoulddoisto_____.A.complainpersonallytothemanagerB.threatentotakethemattertocourtC.writeafirmletterofcomplainttothestoreofpurchaseD.showsomewrittenproofofthepurchasetothestore答案:D解析:答案D.本題答案在原文第一句中可以找到。它的大意是:當(dāng)顧客發(fā)現(xiàn)他(她所買的商品有毛病或在其他方面未達(dá)成制造商所聲稱的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí),第一步就是將保單或其他有助于解決問題的記錄這家商店看。所以D“向這家商店出示書面證明”,與原文相符,是對的答案。而A“當(dāng)面向經(jīng)理申訴”,是在第一步中問題得不到解決時(shí)才使用,所以它不是此題答案。B“威脅將此事向法庭上訴”是在經(jīng)理未能解決問題,寫信給廠家也未能解決問題時(shí)才使用的方法,所以它也不是解決問題的第一步。C“給商店寫一封態(tài)度強(qiáng)硬的抱怨信”也是在第一步中問題得不到解決時(shí)才使用的。所以A、B、C均不是對的答案。27.Ifaconsumerwantsaquicksettlementofhisproblem,it'sbettertocomplainto_____.A.ashopassistantB.thestoremanagerC.themanufacturerD.apublicorganizat(yī)ion答案:B解析:答案B.此題源于第二段。作者認(rèn)為許多消費(fèi)者使用的簡樸而又常用的辦法是直接向商店經(jīng)理投訴。28.Themosteffectivecomplaintcanbemadeby_____(dá).A.showingthefaultyitemtothemanufacturerB.explainingexactlywhatiswrongwiththeitemC.sayingfirmlythattheitemisofpoorqualityD.askingpolitelytochangetheitem答案:B解析:答案B.原文第四段的大意是:當(dāng)顧客申訴商品有質(zhì)量問題時(shí),態(tài)度要堅(jiān)定、有禮貌,特別是假如消費(fèi)者當(dāng)場演示就能最有效地達(dá)成申訴目的。不能當(dāng)場演示時(shí)也要提出比較具體的質(zhì)量間題。A、C、D三項(xiàng)都是泛泛地說質(zhì)量差、有毛病,而沒能說出該商品哪一個(gè)具體的部位有毛病,所以都不是最有效的解決問題的辦法。而B項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)確解釋商品哪里有問題”與原文相符,是對的答案。29.Thephrase"liveupto"(Para.1,Line2.inthecontextmeans___(dá)__(dá).A.mee(cuò)tthestandardofB.realizethepurposeofC.fulfilthedemandsofD.keepthepromiseof答案:A解析:答案A.liveupto所在句子的意思是:“當(dāng)顧客發(fā)現(xiàn)他所購買的商品有毛病或在某種限度上沒有達(dá)成制造商所聲稱的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí),…”。B項(xiàng)“實(shí)現(xiàn)(制造商所聲稱的目的”,句意不通;C項(xiàng)“滿足(制造商所聲稱的規(guī)定”;D項(xiàng)“履行(制造商所聲稱的承諾”,C、D兩項(xiàng)均與原文意思不符。而A項(xiàng)“達(dá)成(制造商所聲稱的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”正是原文所表達(dá)的意思,所以是對的答案。30.Tthepassagetellsus_____.A.howtosettleaconsumer'scomplaintaboutafaultyitemB.howtomakeaneffectivecomplaintaboutafaultyitemC.howtoavoidbuyingafaultyitemD.howtodealwithcomplaintsfromcustomers答案:B解析:答案B.從全文看,作者向讀者推薦了幾種申訴偽劣商品的辦法,可見作者是站在顧客的立場上的。而A、D兩項(xiàng)是站在賣方的立場;C項(xiàng)在文章中未提到,所以它們都不是對的答案。B項(xiàng)“如何有效地申訴有質(zhì)量問題的商品”與原文意思相符是此題答案。Whatisexactlyalie?Isitanythingwesaywhichweknowisuntrue?Orisitsomethingmorethanthat?Forexample,supposeafriendwantstoborrowsomemoneyfromyou,yousay:IwishIcouldhelpyoubutI'mshortofmoneymyself.Infact,youarenotshortofmoney,butyourfriendisinthehabitofnotpayinghisdebtsandyoudon'twanttohurthisfeelingsbyremindinghimofthis.Isthisreallyalie?Ascientificstudyoflyingshowswomenarebetterliarsthanmen,particularlywhentellinga"whitelie"suchaswhenawomanatapartytellsanotherwomanthatshelikesherdresswhenshereallythinksitlooksterrible.However,thisisonlyonesideofthestory.Otherresearchesshowthatmenaremorelikelytotellmoreseriouslies,suchasmakingapromisewhichtheyhavenointentionoffulfilling.Thisisthekindofliepoliticiansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeparticularlyskilledat(yī):theliefromwhichtheliarhopestoprofitorgaininsomeway.Researchhasalsobeendoneintothewaypeople'sbehaviorchangesinanumberofsmall,apparentlyunimportantwayswhentheylie.Ithasbeenfoundthatiftheyaresittingdownat(yī)thesametime,theytendtomoveaboutintheirchairsmorethanusual.TothetrainedobservertheyaresayingIwishIweresomewhereelsenow.31.Thispassagetellsusthat_____(dá).A.tellingliesisoftennecessaryinordertoavoidbeingdefeatedB.tellingliesisoftenbadbecausepeopleoughtnottobedishonestC.tellingliesissometimesnecessaryinordernottohurtsomeoneelse'sfeelingsD.tellingliesisnotbadatallinmostcases[答案]C【解析】第一段作者舉的例子,可以得出C“有時(shí)為了不傷害其別人的感情說謊是必須的”對的。其它選項(xiàng)的信息在文中沒有明確出現(xiàn)。32.InParagraph2,thesentence"Womenarebetterliarsthanmendo."probablymeans___(dá)__.A.womenarebetterattellingliesthanmenB.womenliarsarebetteracceptedthanmenC.womenhaveabetterintentionwhentellingliesD.womentellfewerliesthanmendo[答案]C【解析】從第二段作者舉例可知女人更愛說"whitelie",即善意的謊言,而男人更有也許說一些嚴(yán)重的謊話。所以C選項(xiàng)“女人說謊時(shí)有較好的意圖”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)說的太籠統(tǒng),女人僅在說"whitelie"時(shí)比男人擅長,而說"seriouslie"則不及男人;B、D選項(xiàng)所給信息并未在文中出現(xiàn)。33.A"whitelie"means__(dá)__(dá)_.A.aliethatiscompletelyunbelievableB.aliethat(yī)istoldwithagoodwillC.aliethatisalwaysbelievableD.aliethatoftenhasanevilpurpose[答案]B【解析】"whitelie"的意思是善意的謊言,從文中第二段女人說謊所舉的例子也可以推斷出B選項(xiàng)“帶有善意所說的謊”為對的答案。34.Politiciansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeskilledattellingthekindoflies_____(dá).A.fromwhichtheymaygainsomeadvantagesB.that(yī)seemstobebelievableC.thatwomenaremostlikelytobelieveD.withwhichtheycanhavebetterrelationshipwithothers[答案]A【解析】第二段最后一句“政治家和商人特別擅長說這種謊話,即可從這些謊言中賺錢或獲利。”而A選項(xiàng)“他們或許可以從中贏得一些好處”與之相一致。35.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____.A.thereisasimplewayoffindingoutifsomeoneislyingB.fromsomewayspeoplebehavewecanknowtheyarelyingC.certainemotionsareproofoflyingD.insomesituationswomenaremostlikelytothinkbusinessmenaredishonest[答案]B【解析】第三段第一句“對人們行為舉止的研究表白:當(dāng)人們說謊時(shí),會(huì)以大量不起眼的、表面上不重要的方式改變自己的舉止”為主題句,文章所得出的結(jié)論為B選項(xiàng)“從人們的一些行為舉止,我們可以知道他們在說謊”,與主題句相一致。Howcanwegetridofgarbage?Dowehavee(cuò)noughenergysourcestomeetourfutureenergyneeds?Thesearetwoimportantquestionsthatmanypeopleareaskingtoday.Somepeoplethinkthatmanmightbeabletosolvebothproblemsatthesametime.Theysuggestusinggarbageasanenergysource,andatthesametimeitcansavethelandtoholdgarbage.Foralongtime,peopleburiedgarbageordumped(傾倒itonemptyland.Now,emptylandisscarce.Butmoreandmoregarbageisproducedeachyear.However,garbagecanbeagoodfueltouse.Thethingsingarbagedonotlooklikecoal,petroleum,ornaturalgas;buttheyarechemicallysimilartothesefossil(化石fuels.Asweuseupourfossilfuelsupplies,wemightbeabletousegarbageasanenergysource.Burninggarbageisnotanewidea.SomecitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStateshavebeenburninggarbageforyears.Theheatthatisproducedbyburninggarbageisusedtoboilwater.Thesteamthat(yī)isproducedisusedtomakeelectricityortoheatnearbybuildings.InParis,Ourfossilfuelsuppliesarelimited.Burninggarbagemightbeonekindofenergysourcethatwecanusetohelpmeetourenergynee(cuò)ds.Thismethodcouldalsoreducetheamountofgar-bagepilingupontheearth.36.Whattwoproblemscanmansolvebyburninggarbage?A.Theshortageofenergyandairpollution.B.Theshortageofenergyandthelandtoholdgarbage.C.Airpollutionandtheshortageoffossilfuel.D.Airpollutionandtheshortageoflandtoholdgarbage.答案:B37.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultofburninggarbage?A.Thegarbageburnedisturnedintofossilfuels.B.Theheatproducedisusedtoboilwater.C.Thesteamproducedisusedtomakeelectricity.D.Thesteamproducedisusedtoheatbuildings.答案:A38.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.About2millionmetrictonsofgarbageisburnedinsomepowerplantsinPads,F(xiàn)rancee(cuò)achyear.B.Inamodemsociety,moreandmoregarbageisproducedeachyear.C.Usinggarbageisagoodwaytosolvetheproblemofenergyshortage.D.Itwillbetooexpensivetousegarbageasanenergysource.答案:D39.What(yī)istheauthor'sattitude?A.Delighted.B.Sad.C.Agreeing.D.Disagreeing.答案:C40.ThebesttitleforthepassagemaybeA.GarbageandtheEarthB.FossilFuelandGarbageC.LandandGarbageD.Garbage--EnergySource答案:D三、完型填空(41-50)根據(jù)下面資料,回答下面試題Forreasonsofsafetyandeaseofmaintenance,Washingtonanddozensofothercommunitiesarebuildingrubbersidewalksmade(41.ground-uptiresofcarsandbikes.Therubbersquaresareuptothreetimesmoree(cuò)xpensivethanconcretesquaresbut(42.longer,becausetreerootsandfree(cuò)zingweatherwon'tcrackthem.That,(43),couldreducethenumberofslip-and-fallcomplaintsmade(44)unevenpavements.Theshock-absorbingsurfacealsohappenstobeeasieronthejointsofslowrunnersandmoreforgivingwhensomeoneslipsorfalls.Andtherubberside-walksareconsideredmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.They(45.awaytorecyclesomeoftheestimated290milliontires(46.outeachyearintheUnitedStat(yī)es,andtheydonotrestricttree(cuò)rootsthewayconcretesquares(47.Since2023,acompany,RubberSidewalks,hasbeengrindingthousandsofoldtiresintosmallpieces,(48.stickysubstancesandbakingthematerialintosidewalksectionsthatweighlessthanelevenpoundsasquarefoot,oraquarteroftheweightofconcrete.Therubbersquaresarenow(49.intwocolorsofgrayandorange.TheDistrictofColumbiahasspentabout$60,000toreplacebrokenconcretewiththerubbersquareshereandthereinaresidential(50)northeastofthecapital.41.A.ofB.onC.byD.for答案:A42.A.stayB.lastC.existD.survive答案:B解析:本題考察動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析。stay意為“逗留,停留”;last意為“連續(xù)本來的狀態(tài)”;exist意為“存在”;survive意為“幸存”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)當(dāng)是說橡膠經(jīng)久耐用,故選B。43.A.byturnsB.byreturnC.inturnD.inreturn答案:C解析:本題考察介詞詞組辨析。byturn意為“輪流,交替地”;byreturn意為“返回,反饋”;inturn意為“反過來”,常放在句子中間,表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折;inreturn意為“作為回報(bào)”。根據(jù)上下文可知,樹根和寒冷的天氣不會(huì)使橡膠開裂,但成本要比水泥塊高三倍,反過來,能減少因路面不平而引起的滑倒的投訴。44.A.forB.withC.toD.a(chǎn)gainst答案:D解析:本題考察短語的詞義辨析。makefor意為“導(dǎo)致,有助于,朝著…前進(jìn)”;makewith意為“產(chǎn)生,提供”;沒有maketo的搭配,常見的搭配是makesb.dosth.;makecomplaintsagainst是個(gè)固定搭配短語,意為“控告,對…進(jìn)行投訴”。根據(jù)句意,和make前面的complaints不難判斷選D。45.A.furnishB.offerC.giveD.refer答案:B解析:本題考察動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析。furnish意為“提供某種有特殊用途的東西”,常用短語為furnishsth.tosb./furnishsb.sth.;offer意為“給別人東西,讓別人來選擇要不要”;give有“直接給予”的意思;refer常搭配介詞to,意為“提到”。根據(jù)句意可知,橡膠人行道提供了一種回收運(yùn)用廢棄輪胎的方法。46.A.thrownB.throwingC.threwD.throws答案:A解析:本題考察語法結(jié)構(gòu)。應(yīng)用throw的過去分詞作定語修飾輪胎(tires),意為“被廢棄的輪胎”,故選A項(xiàng)。47.A.doingB.doneC.didD.do答案:D解析:本題考察語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句是個(gè)省略句,前文提到restrict,后文為了避免反復(fù),使用動(dòng)詞do來代替restricttreeroots。由于句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),并且concretesquares是復(fù)數(shù),所以選D。48.A.addB.addedC.addingD.adds答案:C解析:本題考察語法結(jié)構(gòu)。文章中的主語是rubbersidewalks,謂語hasbeen引導(dǎo)著三個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)相同的分句,前面的grind和后面的bake都用的-ing形式。因此選C項(xiàng)adding。49.A.availableB.accessibleC.advisableD.achievable答案:A解析:本題考察形容詞的詞義辨析。available意為“可得到的,可運(yùn)用的”;atcces-sible意為“可靠近的,可到達(dá)的”;advisable意為“合適的,可實(shí)行的”;achievable意為“可完畢的,可實(shí)現(xiàn)的”。根據(jù)句意,故選A。50.A.zoneB.locationC.positionD.Neighborhood答案:D解析:本題考察名詞的詞義辨析。zone意為“有特色的地區(qū)、地帶”;location意為“某物設(shè)立的地點(diǎn)、方向”;position多指物體相對于其他物體所處的位置或立場;neigh-borhood指鄰居或街坊四鄰。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)當(dāng)是說在一處居民住宅區(qū),故選D。四、翻譯(51-55)51.Itisdeter
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