SectionⅣGrammar&Writing虛擬語氣(Ⅰ)閱讀下列句子，并體會黑體部分的用法1．Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered，noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.2．Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique，wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.3．Therearescoresofmodernartstyles，butwithouttheImpressionists，manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.一、語氣的分類語氣是動詞的一種形式，表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法或態(tài)度。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣三類。1．陳述語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每個問題都有兩面性。2．祈使語氣表示說話人對對方的請求或命令。Pleaselendmeyourdictionary.請把你的字典借給我用一下。3．虛擬語氣用來表示所說的不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種假設、愿望或建議等。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。IfIwereabird，Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。二、條件句中的虛擬語氣虛擬條件句分為三類：與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況；與過去事實相反的情況；與將來事實相反的情況。構成如下：假設情況條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式(be的過去式常用were)would/should/might/could＋動詞原形與將來事實相反①過去式②should＋動詞原形③wereto＋動詞原形would/should/might/could＋動詞原形與過去事實相反過去完成式(had＋過去分詞)would/should/might/could＋have＋過去分詞Ifhehadtimenow，hewould(could，might)gowithyou.要是他現(xiàn)在有時間，他會和你一起去的。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反)Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier，youwould(could，might)havemetthefamoussinger.如果你早來幾分鐘，你就會見到那個著名歌手了。(與過去事實相反)Ifitweretosnowthisevening，theywouldnotgoout.如果今天晚上下雪，他們就不會出去。(與將來事實相反)三、幾種特殊的虛擬條件從句1．省略if形式的虛擬語氣在if虛擬條件句中，若省略if，則將should，were，had前置，構成主謂倒裝句式。HadIworkedharder，Iwouldhavesucceeded.如果我當時努力學習的話，我就會成功的。Wereshemydaughter(Shouldshebemydaughter)，Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.如果她是我的女兒的話，我就不讓她出國學習了。2．混合虛擬語氣若主句和從句所表示的時間不一致，就構成了混合虛擬語氣或錯綜虛擬語氣，此時，主句和從句的時態(tài)形式根據(jù)實際的時間概念來定。Ifshehadfollowedthedoctor'swords，shewouldfeelbetternow.如果當初她聽從了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在就會好多了。3．含蓄虛擬語氣有時候假設的條件不是通過條件從句表達，而是隱含在某些介詞短語中，如without...，連詞butfor，otherwise，or等中。Withoutmusic(＝Iftherewerenomusic)，theworldwouldbedull.世界若無音樂將會很枯燥。I'mreallyverybusy，otherwiseIwouldcertainlygotoHangzhouwithyou.(otherwise＝ifIwerenotsobusy)我真的是太忙了，不然我就會同你一道去杭州了。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Ifyou(be)here，youwouldseethefamousstar.2．(be)ittorain，thecropswouldbesaved.3．Butfortherain，we(finish)theworkalready.【導學號：33100010】4．Ifithadrainedlastnight，theground(be)wetnow.5．Ifyou(take)yourteacher'sadvice，youwouldnothavefailedtheexamlastweek.【答案】havefinishedbetakenⅡ.完成句子1．——瑪麗看上去很疲倦。——要是你發(fā)高燒，也會這樣。－Marylookstired.－Sowouldyou．2．要是他現(xiàn)在有空，他就會幫我們了。If，hewouldhelpus.3．要是他學過電腦，我們就雇用他在這兒工作了。he，wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.4．假如沒有電，就沒有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。Butforelectricity，nomodernindustry.5．如果明天下雨，我們就不得不取消游覽西湖。Wereitraintomorrow，wecalloffourtourofWestLake.【答案】youhadahighfever2．hewerefree3．If；hadlearnedaboutcomputer/Had；learnedaboutcomputer4．therewouldbe5．wouldhaveto應用文寫作——建議信建議信是書信的一種，屬應用文體。建議信是對收信人就某一問題提出看法、建議或忠告。建議信有可能是寫給個人，就對方遇到的某個問題提出自己的看法和觀點；也可能是寫給某個組織或機構，就改進其服務等提出建議或忠告。一、基本結構建議信一般采取“三段式結構”。首段：表明意圖，陳述事由。主體段落：應該首先肯定對方的優(yōu)點，然后再寫需要改進的地方或針對具體情況提出具體建議或忠告。通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或tobegin/startwith，then，later，lastbutnotleast等依次陳述建議。結尾段：禮貌地總結或表示期盼回復。二、注意事項1．注意結構。通常以“三段式”結構行文。2．客觀地提出建議，針對對方的問題，給出你的觀點。3．語言要委婉、精煉，同時要簡潔，表達清楚。[亮點句式]1．建議信(首段)常用句式Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsabout/concerning...Youhaveaskedmeformyadviceon...，andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.Itismypleasuretoofferyousomeadviceon...2．建議信中段常用句式Iwouldliketosuggest/recommendthat...IfIwereyou，Iwould...Itseemstomethatyoucould...Inmyopinion，itwouldbewisetotakethefollowingactions.Ithinkitwouldbemorebeneficialifyoucould...Whenitcomestosuchasituation，Iwouldliketosuggestthatyoucan...Iwonderifyouhaveconsideredthefollowing...Asto...Isuggestthatyoushould...AsfarasIamconcerned.../Inmyopinion...Foronething...foranother...Tobeginwith...Besides...Lastbutnotleast...3．建議信尾段常用句式Intheend，Iwillbeverygladifyoufindmysuggestionsuseful.Thanksforreadingmyhopeyouwillconsidermysuggestions.Ibelieveyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount/consideration.Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposals/suggestionspractical/useful/helpful.Pleaseletmeknowwithouthesitationifyouneedanyhelp.[寫作任務]假定你是李華，你的朋友張柯發(fā)e-mail給你，就買什么樣的英語詞典想聽聽你的建議。請根據(jù)下列提示，用英語給他回一封80詞左右的e-mail，推薦他買電子詞典。1．方便、快捷2.內(nèi)置多部詞典、能發(fā)音3．能儲存資料4.其他……[審題謀篇]體裁建議信話題選購詞典時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時人稱第二人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1．首先2．方便做某事3．查閱(資料)4．遇到5．對……有幫助/有用6．此外【答案】beginwithisconvenienttodosth.up；consultwith/comeacross5．behelpful/usefulto.../beofhelp(use)to...6．a(chǎn)dditionally/inadditionⅡ.句式1．無論你去哪里，攜帶電子詞典都很方便。(一句多譯)①②2．Itcangiveyouavivid，clearandcorrectpronunciationjustlikeateacherstandingbyyouandthatmakesitoutstandingfromothers.(用定語從句合并句子)【答案】1.①Itisconvenientforyoutocarryanelectronicdictionarywhereveryougo.②Itisconvenientforyoutocarryanelectronicdictionarynomatterwhereyougo.2．Itcangiveyouavivid，clearandcorrectpronunciationjustlikeateacherstandingbyyou，whichmakesitoutstandingfromothers.[妙筆成篇]【參考范文】DearZhangKe，Ithinkitisawisechoicetobuyanelectronicdictionary.Tobeginwith，itisconvenientforyoutocarryitwhereveryou，youcangetwhatyouwantinitimmediately，forconsultingthiskindofdictionaryisreallyapieceofwiththeusefulmaterial，youcanstoreitasmuchasmakesitoutstandingfromothers，Ithink，isthatitcangiveyouavivid，clearandcorrectpronunciationjustlikeateacherstandingbyyou.Ihopemysuggestionwillbeusefultoyou.Yours，LiHua學業(yè)分層測評（三）Ⅰ.完成句子1．如果明天下雪，他們就不外出游玩。【導學號：33100033】Ifit，theygoforanouting.2．抱歉，我現(xiàn)在太忙了，如果我有時間，一定會和你去公園。Sorry，IamtoobusyItime，Itheparkwithyou.3．如果我再年輕十歲，我會重新開始的。IfI10yearsyounger，Iagainfromthebeginning.4．要是當時你沒有幫助我們，我們就不會取得如此大的進步。Ifyouus，wesuchgreatprogress.5．如果今天早上帶上雨衣的話，我現(xiàn)在就不會淋濕了。IfImyraincoatwithmethismorning，Inow.【答案】weretorain/shouldrain；wouldnot；wouldgoto；wouldstart'thelped；wouldn't/couldn'thavemadetaken；wouldnotbewetⅡ.閱讀理解(2023·吉林東北師大附中高二模擬)ThomasBrodie-Sangster'scarsandactionfiguresweren'tjusttoys.“Theywouldalwaysbecharacters,andIwouldalwaysputonstupidvoices，”saysThomas(Bornon16May1990).Forhim,actingwasjustamatterofmovingchildhoodgamestoaset.MaturityandindependencecametoThomasearlyashestartedworkatten.Afterhisfirstaudition(試鏡),helearnedaboutrejection.Thoughhurtanddisappointed，hetookapartinatiny,unknownTVfilmin2023.Noonenoticedhisperformance—nooneexceptscreenwriterRichardCurtis.Twoyearslater,heplayedSam,atwelve-year-oldinloveinCurtis'sLoveActually.Afterthathitfilm,heplayedactorColinFirth'ssoninNannyMcPheeFirththenjoinedafilmcalledTheLastLegionandsupportedThomasforitsleadrole.Asaresult,theboyplayedRome'sfinalrulerintheaction-adventure.Atabout16,Thomashadtomakeadecision.Didhereallywanttodevotehislifetoacting?Manypeopleinthepublic“aren'tlettingyoubeyoubecausetheyseeyouassomethingspecial”，hesays.Also,friendshipmadeduringfilmingwasoftenbrokensoonaftertheprojectfinished.Despitethesethings,hefoundenoughjoyandsatisfactionintheworktocontinue.Actually,Thomasseemstofindjoyindifficultyitself.Heplayed10-year-oldAdolfHitlerinaTVmovieandateenagePaulMcCartneyinNowhereBoy.ThesubjectofhisfilmDeathofaSuperheromadeithismostchallengingfilm.Still,hefoundapositivemessageinitsstoryofaschoolboywithcancer.ThomasnowenjoysrolesinGameofThronesandtheupcomingMazeRunnerasthoseprojectsmaybe,moststillrecognizehimasSaminLoveseemstorunafterThomas,justasheranthroughHeathrowairporttohissweetheart.1．ThomasBrodie-Sangsterreachedmaturityearlyprobablybecauseof．A．hisfailureinthefirstauditionB．hisstartingactingasearlyastenC．hisbeingsupportedbyadultactorsD．hisactinginatinyunknownTVfilm【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第一句MaturityandindependencecametoThomasearlyashestartedworkatten可知他從十歲開始表演。故選B。【答案】B2．Theunderlinedword“rejection”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto．A．recovery B．respectC．response D．refusal【解析】詞義理解題。根據(jù)下文的thoughhurtanddisappointed可知他被拒絕了。故選D。【答案】D3．WhatcanbeconsideredasoneofthenegativeaspectsofactingaccordingtoThomas?A．Pressurefromthepublic.B．Long-termworkingfriendship.C．Findingjoyindifficultyitself.D．Readingscriptsandmemorizinglines.【解析】推理判斷題。通讀文章的第三段可知B、C、D都是Thomas走向成功的積極因素；根據(jù)該段的Manypeopleinthepublic“aren'tlettingyoubeyoubecausetheyseeyouassomethingspecial”可知來自公眾的壓力是他走向成功的消極因素。故選A。【答案】A4．Thomasplayedtheleadrolein．A．LoveActually B．GamesofThronesC．TheLastRegion D．NannyMcPhee【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的FirththenjoinedafilmcalledTheLastLegionandsupportedThomasforitsleadrole判斷可知Thomas在TheLastLegion中擔任主角，故選C。【答案】CⅢ.語法填空(2023·棗莊模擬)ThewomanoftencalledtheFirstLadyofNewYorkdiedonAstorwasonehundredandfiveyearsextremelywealthyandfamousNewYorkerspentmuchofherlife1.(help)theneedyinherbelovedcity.ShewasborninPortsmouth，Newwastheonlychildofahighlevelmilitarytwoearlier2.(marry)，shemarriedVincentAstorin1953camefromafamilythat3.(be)richforatleastonehundredotherthings，heowedmanybuildingsinNewYorkAstorbecameoneofthe4.(rich)womenintheworldwhenVincentAstoralsobecameheadofahugecharityorganization5.(found)byherrepeatedlyhadtoldhershewouldhavefungiving6.hisapparentlysheAstorgavetensofmillionsofdollars7.(main)toplacesandpeopleinNewYorksaiditwasthesensiblechoicebecausethatwas8.themoneyhadbeengavefinancialsupporttothecity'sculturalcenters，thepooranddisabledas9.astomanyothersmallershedied，themayorofNewYorksaidthecitywouldnotbewhatitistoday10.hersupport.1．【解析】spend...doingsth.“花費……干某事”，所以填helping。【答案】helping2．【解析】空格前為形容詞，且有two，故填marriages。【答案】marriages3．【解析】根據(jù)句意需用過去完成時。【答案】hadbeen4．【解析】BrookeAstor成為世界上最富有的女人之一。【答案】richest5．【解析】ahugecharityorganization與found構成被動關系，故填founded。【答案】founded6．【解析】giveaway“贈送，捐獻”。【答案】away7．【解析】副詞修飾前面動作。【答案】mainly8．【解析】表語從句中缺少地點狀語，填where。【答案】where9．【解析】aswellas“和，也”。【答案】well10．【解析】由句意知用without“沒有”。【答案】withoutⅣ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。(2023·浙江余姚中學高三期中考試)Oneday，mybrotherandIwerealoneinourapartment．Thereasonwasthatmyparentshadbothgoneforaballpartyandhadleftmeinchargeofwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyyoungerbrotherwaswatching，thedoorbell-Dong!Ding-Dong!MyyoungerbrotherhadrushedtothedoorbeforeIdecidedtoanswertheboththoughtthatourparentshadcomearesult，heunlockedthedoorandopenedit.Outsideofthehousestoodamanwhoworeablackraincoatandblackrubberlookednodifferentfromotherpeopleandhesaidthathewasasalesmanandaskedpolitelyifourmotherorfatherwasathomesohecouldtalkwiththem.Withoutanythinking，mybrothersaid，“No.”Heaskedifwewouldliketobuysomecomicbooks，whichhewasquicklyexplainedtohimthatwewerenotsupposedtobuyanythingwithoutourparents'，itseemedthathewasnotwillingtofollowmyadviceandhehadanintentiontoenterourhouse.ThenIrealizedsomethingterriblewouldIwasabouttoclosethedoor，heforcedhiswayintoourtookoutaknifeandforcedmetotieupmybrother'shandswithsomeropewhichhetookoutfromhistieduphishandsbutItiedinaspecialwaysomybrothercoulduntiehimselfasweoftenmanthentiedmyhandsupandlockedbothofusinthekitchen．Soonhewentupstairstosearchthebedroomforsomethingmanagedtoteachmybrothertountietheropeonhisthenuntiedrushedtothetelephonetocallthepolice，