Vocabulary

詞匯Chapter5Warming-upDiscussion導入DoyouthinklearningEnglishvocabularyisveryimportant?SpeechsoundsVocabularyGrammar“Withoutgrammar,verylittlecanbeconveyed;withoutwords,nothingcanbeconveyed.”

―Wilkins

Nobricks,Nobuilding!Doyouknowtheneededvocabularysizefortheteachersofprimaryschools,juniorhighschoolsandseniorschoolsrespectively?50005000-80008000-10000Warming-upDiscussion第一部分4.1GeneralKnowledgeofVocabulary

1.Whatisvocabulary?Vocabularyreferstothewordsweteachintheforeignlanguage.Anewitemofvocabularymaybemorethanasingleword.e.g.postoffice,mother-in-law,etc.2.Whatispurposeofvocabularyteaching?Lexicalcompetence詞匯能力Lexisn.詞匯3.Whatdoeslexicalcompetenceinvolve?Meanings:denotationconnotationForms:regularforms;irregularforms;wordbuildingUse:style;register;dialect;collocation;textualrelations;senserelationsMeanings

Denotation(字面含義)Connotation(言外含義)Literalmeaning詞典中所給出的定義。

Additionalmeaning詞典中查不到。Meanings

有些詞只有denotation,沒有connotation,比如科技用語。但大多數詞，都是既有denotation,又有connotation。HomeConvenienceSafetyDwellingplace

FriendsandrelationsManStrengthMaleadult

CourageCarelessnessUnderstandingconnotationTrytomarktheconnotationofthesewordsaspositive(+)ornegative(-):Confident;stubborn;extravagant;mean;famous;arrogant;determined;generous;notorious(+)Confident;famous;determined;generous;(-)stubborn;extravagant;arrogant;mean;notoriousPolysemy(一詞多義)

Homonymy(同音同形異義)Synonyms(同義詞)

教學啟示：Bothdenotativeandconnotativemeaningneedtobelearned;Thesecondaspectofmeaning:Forms1,regularwords2,irregularwords3,Wordformation

Affixation

（詞綴法）disagreeCompounding（合成法）sunriseConversion

（轉類法）

Blending

（拼綴法）smoke+fog=smog;China+English=ChinglishBackformation（逆成法）就是去掉詞綴e.g.donation-donateAcronyms（首字母縮略法）VIPWTO4,Pronunciationandforms

UseStyle語言風格Register語域AccordingtoHalliday,“Languagevariesasitsfunctionvaries;itdiffersindifferentsituations.”Dialect方言Collocation搭配textualrelations文本關系senserelations意義關系Collocation----wordsthatco-occurwithhighfrequencyandhavebeenacceptedaswaysfortheuseofwords.e.g.Youraiseyourhand.Youdon’tliftyourhand.Senserelationsincludessynonyms,antonymsandhyponyms.同義詞反義詞上下位關系Othertypesofrelations:closedsystem封閉系統part-whole整體-部分關系Gradableantonyms等級反義Complementaryantonyms互補反義Relationalopposites關系反義第二部分4.2PrinciplesofTeachingandLearningVocabularyReceptive/Passivevocabulary消極詞匯:usedinspeakingandwritingProductive/Activevocabulary積極詞匯:recognizableinreadingandlistening原則：1，選詞原則2，呈現原則Presentingnewvocabulary1.teachandpracticethewordinspokenform

first.2.Teachwordincontext.3.Teachlexicalitemsratherthanindividualwords.4.Presentwordsinamemorablewaytostartwith.5.Checkunderstanding6.reviseoften第三部分4.3TechniquesforTeachingVocabularyTeacherA:wrote“grumble”ontheblackboard;said“grumblemeanstocomplainaboutsomeoneorsomethinginanannoyedway”;translatedthewordintothestudents’nativelanguage;gavemoreexamples(sentences)forthestudentstotranslateintotheirnativelanguage.

TeacherB:Said“somepeoplegrumbleabouteverything.Forexample,theygrumbledabouttheweather.Ifitissunny,theysayitistoohot.Ifitiscool,theysayitistoocold.Theyareneverhappywiththeweather.Theyalwaysgrumbleabouttheweather”.Thensetouttocheckthestudents’understandingbyasking“Sowhatdoes‘grumble’mean?”

WaysofconsolidatingvocabularyWhenstudentsstudyvocabularyindividually,veryoftenitisrotelearning.Grouplearningthroughvariousactivitiesandundertheteacher’ssupervisioncanbemorefunandeffective.DescribinganddrawingPlayingagame

III.WaysofconsolidatingvocabularyLabelingSpottingthedifferencesDescribinganddrawingPlayingagameUsingwordseriesWordassociationFindingsynonymsandantonymsUsingwordcategoriesUsingwordnetworkUsingtheInternetresourcesformoreideasReviewregularly.Guessmeaningfromcontext.Organizevocabularyeffectively.Useadictionary.ManagestrategyuseIV.DevelopingvocabularylearningstrategiesassignmentWhatmethodsdidyouusetopresentandconsolidatethenewwordsinyourforeignlanguageteaching?Pleasegiveastatementaboutitinnolessthan1000words.記憶英語單詞方法20種1.邏輯記憶：通過詞本身內部邏輯關系，詞與詞之間的外部邏輯關系記憶單詞。

1)把幾個字母看作一個來記，如："ight"light,right,fight,night,sight,tight2)外舊內新，如：bridge“橋”看成b+ridgeridge,“山脊”sharp看成s+harp“豎琴。

3)外新內舊，如：cleave“劈開”看成c+leave,tact"機智：看成t+act

2聯想記憶：

1)音與形的聯想，即根據讀音規則記憶單詞。

2)形與義的聯想。如：eye把兩個e看成兩個眼；banana把a看成一個個的香蕉；bird把b和d看成兩個翅膀。

3)象聲詞，聯想實際的聲音。如：gong鑼coo咕咕聲。3.構詞記憶：利用構詞法，通過分析詞根、前綴、后綴、派生和合成等記憶單詞。4.分類記憶：把單詞進行分門類如：動物，植物等，進行分類記憶。你可以找一本分類字典作為參考。5.卡片記憶：自制作單詞卡片隨時隨身進行記單詞，卡片寫上單詞的詞形、詞性、詞義、音標、搭配、例句等。6.詞典記憶：這是一種強行記憶的方法。它的缺點是容易忘記，只是孤立記住單詞的意義。可以作為一種短時間的強化手段。7.比較記憶：1)英漢比較如：mama,cigar,beer,bar,fee等。2)單復數的比較如：good-goods,spirit-spiritswood-woods3)同音詞的比較如：right-write,eye-I4)詞的陰陽性的比較如：actor-actresshost-hostess

8.理解記憶：通過正確理解單詞的本義、引申義和比喻義等如：second是“秒”，它來源于古代的六分法，分，秒，它是二次劃分，因此second也是“第二”，進一步引申，還可理解為“輔助”用這種方法特別適合那些一詞多義的詞。9.聯系記憶：記憶單詞最好不要孤立地記，盡可能地和有關的東西聯系來記。

1)聯系所學的文章大概意義，聯系上下文。