中考英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，又叫施動(dòng)者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，又叫受動(dòng)者。區(qū)分主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主要看主語是執(zhí)行者還是承受者。如：Theflowersandgrassshouldbewatered.(語態(tài))Weshouldwatertheflowersandgrass.(_語態(tài))?一構(gòu)成.被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由“助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的，助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。Tombrokethecup.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))—ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.(被動(dòng)語態(tài)).被動(dòng)語態(tài)有以下8種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：be(am/isare)+過去分詞Treesareplantedinspring.一般過去時(shí)：be(was/were)+過去分詞Thehousewasbuiltlastyear.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：be(am/isare)+being+過去分詞Thecarisbeingrepaired.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：be(was/were)+being+過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+過去分詞Thelighthasbeenturnedoff.過去完成時(shí)：had+been+過去分詞一般將來時(shí)：willbe+過去分詞LeiFengwillberememberedbyusforever.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞Myhomeworkcanbefinishedintwohours..被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用于以下場(chǎng)合：①不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)。如：Mybikewasstolenyesterday.我的自行車昨天被偷了。②強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，使用“by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者如：Thepenwasusedbymyfather.這支鋼筆是我父親用過的。X只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)形式，不及物動(dòng)詞如rise/come/go/take/place/happen等，沒有被動(dòng)形式。?二主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟通常遵循以下三個(gè)步驟：.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榕c其時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式，且與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。.將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，置于句末。“by+賓語”在句中常省略。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.這里還需要連線！被動(dòng)語態(tài)：English.isspokenbymanypeople.如：LuXunwrotethisbook.fThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.這本書是魯迅寫的。Peoplearecuttingdownmanytreesnow.—Manytreesarebeingcutdownnow.現(xiàn)在許多樹正被砍伐。?三主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換.雙賓語的被動(dòng)形式雙賓語的句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，有兩種變法：①如果把指人的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，那么指物的直接賓語保留不動(dòng)。如：Histeachergavehimabook.-*Hewasgivenabookbyhisteacher.Hehasboughtmeapresent.-*1havebeenboughtapresent.②如果要將指物的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞t。/for,這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定的。如：Histeachergavehimabook.—Abookwasgiventohimbyhisteacher.Hehasboughtmeapresent.-**Apresenthasbeenboughtforme.派常見的能接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive/show/bring/lend/send等，這些詞與介詞to搭配；buy/make/draw,這些詞與介詞for搭配。.動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)許多不及物動(dòng)詞加上介詞或副詞后構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不能把短語動(dòng)詞分開，也不能漏掉短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞。如：Weshouldspeakeooldmenpolitely.->Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.Healwaystakescareofhissister.->Hissisterisalwaystakencareof(byhim).(3)Sheturnedofftheradio.一Theradiowaslurriedoff(byher)..省略的to動(dòng)詞不定式用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，一些表示感官或使役的動(dòng)詞，如hear/watch/see/feel/notice/listento/lookat/let/make/have和help等后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，但句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后要加to。如：Hemadethegirlstayathome.-*Thegirlwasmadetostayathome.Weoftenhearhersingintheroom.fSheisoftenheardtosingintheroom.Thebossmadethemworkfor16hoursaday.->Theyweremadetoworkfor16hoursaday(bytheboss)..主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義①動(dòng)詞need,want以及短語be(well)worth等后面常接動(dòng)名詞，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Theroomneedscleaning.這房子需要打掃。Thepieceofmusicisworthlisteningto.這首曲子值得聽。②某些表示主語質(zhì)地、自身特征的動(dòng)詞，如write/wash/sell/clean/cook等，常和副詞well或easily連用，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Theclothwasheseasily.這種布容易洗。Thepenwriteswell.這支筆很好用。練習(xí)一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空ManyTVsets(make)everyyearinthisfactory.Alltheexercisesmust(finish)beforeclassisover.ThePRC(found)onOctober1,1949.二、單項(xiàng)選擇Englishbymanycountries,butChinesepeopleChinese.A.isspoken;speakB.isspoken;arespeakC.speaks;speakTheyanewschoolinthevillagenow.ItbeforeSeptemberthisyear.A.arebuilding;willbebuiltB.arebuilding;willbuildC.arcbuilding;willbuiltIfthesmalltrees,theywillgrowupquickly.A.aretakengoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareC.takegoodcareof-Wheredidyougolastnight?-ItoTom'sbirthdayparty.A.aminvitedB.wasinvitedC.invitedTheseshirtswell,becausetheynice.A.aresold;arelookedB.sell;lookC.sell;arelookedTheflowerseveryday,ortheylldie.A.shouldbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwaterDon'tworry,Yourson.A.mustbefindB.mustbefoundC.mustbefound-Yourdresslooksbeautiful.-Thankyou.Itbymymotherlastyear.A.madeB.ismadeC.wasmadeThewindowlastnight,soit.A.isiftclosed;wasbrokenB.didn'tclose;wasbrokenC.wasn'tclosed;wasbrokenMostsciencebooksinEnglish.A.arewrittenB.iswrittenC.wroteBobbyhisboss.A.wasmadetoworkB.wasmadeworkC.madetowork12.ThelittleboyJack.A.iscalledB.calledC.iscallingWaterintoice.A.canbeenchangedB.canbechangedC.canchange14.Whatlastnight?A.washappeningB.happenedC.washappened15.ThePartyin1921.A.isfoundB.wasfoundedC.wasfound答案：AAABBBCCCAAABBB三、按要求改寫句子，每空一詞。Shemadehersondohishomeworkaftersupper.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Hersonhishomeworkaftersupper.Isthisgameoftenplayedbythemintheafternoon?（改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)）oftenthisgameintheafternoon?Youcananswermyquestionafter