完形填空解題指導——暗示性詞語(cluewords)完形填空試題命題策略

完形填空是考查學生在語境中選擇恰當的語詞完成語篇表達的能力，具體包括語篇理解能力以及在具體語境中準確運用語詞的能力考點完形填空考查的語篇層面的語詞運用能力。語篇理解：70%語句理解：30%。考點應該覆蓋考綱所規定的考點，實義詞占80%，虛詞一般只占20%。難、易度通過本句---易通過本句與上句下句理解--中通過整篇理解---難提示性語句離試題本句越遠，難度越大。也應設計少量根據生活常識等圖式才能判斷選擇答案的試題。知識目標：

●了解句子、段落、篇章中銜接與連貫語義場的暗示性詞語(cluewords)及其顯性暗示和隱性暗示的七種手段。

●掌握完形填空中運用顯性暗示和隱性暗示的解題技巧，并利用其解題。Leading-inGuessthemissingwordsinthesongI’ma

NewSoul.BrainstormingI’maNewSoulI’ma_______soulIcametothisstrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitabouthowtogiveand_________.ButsinceIcameherefeltthejoyandthe_________findingmyselfmakingeverypossible___________la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...

I’ma________soulinthisverystrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitaboutwhatistrueand________.Butwhyallthishatetrytocommunicatefindingtrustandloveisnotalwayseasytomake.la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...___New_____________________newtakefearmistakeyoungfaithWhatisaclueword?

Aclueword(暗示詞)

isawordthatislinkedtotheanswer,soitisveryusefulinacloze.Accordingtothecluewords,you'llfinditmucheasiertodoacloze.Acluewordcanbefoundeither________or________theblanks.beforeafterThepositionofaclueword?Mr.Brownisateacher,heworksinthe

school.2)KFCstaffnotonlyworkintheday,butalsoworkduringthenight.3)Itissourgentthathehasnotimetoexplainmore.4)Lindaslippedandfelldownthestairsbecausethefloorwaswet.5)Timeisveryvaluable.Wemusttreasureourtime.Findoutthecluewordsinthefollowingsentenceswithin20seconds.20191817161514131211109876543211)Mr.Brownisateacher,heworksinthe

_______.2)KFCstaffnotonlyworkinthe

day,butalso

workduringthe_____.3)Itissourgentthathehas___timeto

explainmore.4)Linda________andfelldownthestairs

becausethefloorwaswet.5)Timeisveryvaluable.Wemust_______

ourtime.schoolnightnoslippedtreasureHiddenClues隱性暗示ClueWords提示詞Intermsofthe

relationship

betweenthecluewordsandthekeysObviousClues

顯性暗示

1)

第一種顯性暗示手段:同詞暗示（同源詞）

有時為了表達的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出現，可以借助這一信息選擇正確答案。如：

Wouldn’titbegreatifwedidn’thavetorememberpasswordseveragain?Ifwecouldjustsitinfrontofourcomputersandbe21(automatically)loggedin?CravementionshowNECSoftBiodeLogonsystemusesfacerecognitiontechnologytologyouontoWindows,ratherthanusinga22.（NMET2007廣東）22.A.face

B.password

C.software

D.system

__________2)第二種顯性暗示手段：同義詞、近義詞暗示

原文表達中，可借助意思相同或相近的詞，有時則是用解釋性的語言來連接上下文的語義。如：

Oneofthemostpopulartrendstodayisforfamiliesandgroupstogowithathemewhenchoosingtheircostumes.Forexample,costumesmightbe__4__onthebasisofafavoritemovie,fairytale,orsomeotherconnectingtheme.4.A.purchasedB.selectedC.gainedD.rewarded__________3)第三種顯性暗示手段：反義詞暗示

語意的連貫有時通過對比的結構采用反義復現

的手段，或者是以反義的方式對前文加以解釋。應注意分析這類概念復現，從反義的角度判斷正確的選項。(NMET-2007-全國II)WearrivedinSpainforthefirsttimeafewweeksago.Idecidedto21acarbecausewehadsoldtheonewehadinEnglandbefore22home.21.A.borrow B.drive C.buy D.choose22.A.leaving B.making C.returning D.getting________________________4)第四種顯性暗示手段：上下義詞暗示

上下義詞是指詞的總結和分解關系,上義詞是總稱詞,下義詞是其包含的個體或種類。Hetaughtherhowtorelyonother_____,specificallyherhearing.(NMET2010湖北)A.feelings B.organsC.skills D.senses_________上義詞sports______________renewableenergy______________下義詞badminton,running,football…rice,noodles,bread…_______________________table,sofa,bed…WhenIturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhand_________andtoldmethatIcouldbecomeawriter.(NMET2010江蘇)A.camera B.radioC.bicycle D.typewriter5)第一種隱性暗示：同一話題（場景）暗示

某些詞匯或表達是圍繞同一個話題或同一個場景展開的。_______(NMET-2007全國II)Ihadtriedoutamodellikeit(bicycle)before,butasIwasnotyet24drivinginthiscity,mywifedidnotwantmetocollectit25

sowewenttogetherto26it.24.A.sureof B.satisfiedwith C.interestedinD.usedto25.A.onmyownB.rightaway C.inahurry D.ontheway26.A.receive B.bring C.order D.fetch6)第二種隱性暗示：因果暗示

在同一個句子或段落中，有時前后的詞語之間存在必然的因果關系。____________________________________________________7)第三種隱性暗示：搭配暗示

形容詞和名詞之間、動詞和副詞之間、動詞和賓語存在的搭配關系。(2011新課標全國卷)And(theprofessor)wentonsaying,“Youhavejust41animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never42yourownsenses.”41.A．learnedB.preparedC.taughtD.taken42.A．loseB.trustC.sharpenD.show__________________ObviousClues顯性暗示HiddenClues

隱性暗示Intermsoftherelationshipbetweenthecluewordsandtheblanks

同詞（同源詞）同義詞、近義詞3.反義詞4.上下義詞ClueWords提示詞

同一話題（場景）2.因果3.搭配Let’sapplyourskillsoffindingcluewordstodotheclozetestsinNMET2010&2011Guangdong.NMET2010GuangdongCloze(完形填空)Twokeywords:____________________________(cultural)differencesdoorsControlled-practice

21、22、23同詞（同源詞）暗示；24、25反義暗示

Everycountryhasitsownculture.Eventhougheachcountryusesdoors,doorsmayhave21functionsandpurposeswhichleadto22differences.

WhenIfirstcametoAmerica,Inoticedthatapublicbuildinghadtwodifferent23andtheyhaddistinctfunctions.Youhavetopushthedoorwiththeword“PUSH”togooutofthebuildingandtopullthedoorwiththeword“PULL”to24thebuilding. Thiswasnewtome,becauseweusethe25doorinSouthKorea.ForquiteafewtimesIfailedtogooutofashoppingcentreandwasembarrassed.A.differentB.importantC.practicalD.unusual22.A.nationalB.embarrassing

C.culturalD.amazing23.A.exitsB.entrancesC.signsD.doors24.A.enterB.leaveC.openD.close25.A.mainB.sameC.frontD.backdoordoorgooutofdifferent__________________doorsdoordoors

Half-controlledpractice:

因果暗示2題；近義詞暗示1題；同詞（同源詞）暗示1題、反義詞暗示1題。

Thewayofusingschoolbusdoorswasalso

26tome.

Iusedtotaketheschoolbustoclasses.Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoors,27whoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,andstudentswhoweregettingonshouldgeton

28. InSouthKorea,wedonotneedtowaitforpeopletogetoff.Onemorning,Ihurriedtothebus,andwhenthebusdoorsopened,I29triedtogetontheschoolbusthroughthefrontdoor.Allthestudentsaroundlookedatme,Iwastotally30,andmyfacewentred.（NMET2010廣東）26.A.annoyingB.hard C.satisfying D.strange27.A.parentsB.students C.teachersD.drivers28.A.soonerB.later C.fasterD.earlier29.A.politelyB.patientlyC.unconsciously D.slowly30.A.embarrassedB.annoyedC.unsatisfied D.excited與上一段首句“new”近義暗示students____________________________同詞（同源詞）暗示反義暗示因果暗示因果暗示NMET2011GuangdongCloze(完形填空)Twokeyphrases:__________________________specialclassesgiftedchildrenIthasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The1hasbeenonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby2situationthataredesignedforthe3children.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.A.principleB.theory C.argumentsD.classificationA.designingB.groupingC.learningD.livingA.smart B.curious C.mature D.averageA.regular B.specialC.smallD.creativeA.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designsFreePractice

NMET2011GuangdongClozeTestarguedchildrenclassesintellectual____children_____________theseHowevergifted同詞（同源詞）暗示同一話題暗示同一話題（場景）暗示反義暗示反義暗示因果暗示______________________________________________________________________However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.Iobservedanumberof6childrenwhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedina7class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgment,relying8ontheirteachers’directions.Intheregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup,theybegantoreflect9onmanyproblems,someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.

5.A.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designs6.A.intelligent B.competentC.ordinary D.independent7.A.separateB.regularC.newD.boring8.A.speciallyB.slightlyC.wronglyD.heavily9.A.directlyB.cleverlyC.voluntarilyD.quickly

_________________________________反義暗示與gifted近義暗示giftedchildren_________________________________因果暗示反義暗示因果暗示

Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbecome10andloseinterestinlearning.Howeverthis11ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents,andsomeofthese12simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoare13.Sometopstudentsdofeelboredinclass,butwhythey14sogoesfarbeyondtheworktheyhaveinschool.Studieshaveshownthattobeboredistobeanxious.Thegifted