International

PhoneticSymbols國際音標WhatisInternationalPhoneticsymbols?由于英語的拼寫形式和讀音有很大的分歧,所以無法完全根據字母來讀音。為了精確地學習和掌握語音,就要借助一種注音手段來彌補這一缺陷,于是便產生了一定數量的精確記錄語音的符號，叫做“音符”(Phoneticsymbols)國際音標（舊稱萬國音符）是國際語音學協會（IPA---InternationalPhoneticAssociation)于1888年擬定的一套為各國語言注音的語音符號。我們這里所說的國際音標是專門為英語注音的那一部分標音符號。目前我國通用的國際音標共有48個,其中,元音音標20個,輔音音標28個。音素和國際音標

1．什么是音素：音素是語音的最小單位。2．音素的分類：元音和輔音。3．音素的個數：共48個，元音音素20個，輔音音素28個。4．什么是音標：記錄音素的符號叫做音標。5．什么是國際音標：國際音標是由國際語音協會規定的一套音標，用來

記錄世界各主要語言的語音。7.開音節：a)輔音+元音+輔音+e:name,bike,home,due,

plane,shineb)輔音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello8.閉音節：a)輔音+元音+輔音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,mapb)元音+輔音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant9.重讀音節：單詞中發音特別響亮的音節。[ai][ei][?i][i?][??][u?][au][?u][i:][i][u:][u][?:][?][?:][?][ɑ:][?][?][e][l][r][h][w][j][m][n][?][dz][ts][?][?][tr][dr][b][p][d][t][g][k][v][f][z][s][?][?][e][θ]20元音32320輔音國際音標教學法圖示PracticeI/i:/eeaeeeiiieeoeya

eatkeygriefbreezefeatureimmediateconvenientateamleadertheChinesepeoplearealsecretapieceofleanmeatJeanisasbusyasabee?Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.SeeingisbelievingpleasespeakEnglishwithme外號：穿針引線長“衣”音1.例詞：feel 關鍵句：Howareyoufeelingtoday? 今天你覺得怎么樣？2.例詞：people 關鍵句：TheChineseareagreatpeople. 中華民族是偉大的民族。瘋狂集中操練字母：eChinese中國人extremely極其地字母：eefeeling感情agree同意字母：eaplease請dream夢；夢想字母：ieachieve達到believe相信字母：eireceive接到；接收conceive設想；構思實用操練I'mgladtomeetyou.

我很高興見到你/見到你很高興/認識你很高興十大練嘴精品句：包含兩個該元音1.TheChineseareagreatpeople.

中國人民是偉大的人民。2.Seeingisbelieving.

眼見為實。3.SpeakingEnglishisapieceofcake.

說英語是小菜一碟。前元音

美語音標/i/

英語音標[i:]包含三個該元音4.Thefoodheredoesn'tseemtoagreewithme.

看來這里的食物我吃不慣。5.Doyouhappentoseethekeyontheseat?

你有沒有看到座位上的鑰匙？PracticeI/i/iyeaueyayieai

it,pig,sinkprettydelayremainbegincoffee

explainSundayabigclinicabitchillysixtywomenAlittlelearningisadangerousthing.Hissix-yearoldsisterisasfitasafiddle.WhyisSisterLilysittingthereknittinginsilence?It'snotdifficulttospeakEnglish.經典收小腹減肥短“衣”音1.例詞：give 關鍵句：Shegivesmeabigheadache. 她讓我頭痛。2.例詞：little 關鍵句：Ifeelalittlesicktoday. 今天感覺有點不舒服。PracticeI

/Z//e/aeeaeoeiie

debtfriendheavenmetalsectionattendconnectwetwithsweatthenextsentenceterribleweatherpressthebellfreshandenergeticAlliswellthatendswell.

Eastorwest,homeisthebest.Good,better,best,/Neverletitrest;/Tillgoodisbetter,/Andbetterbest.小開口“45度”音1.例詞：expensive 關鍵句：EverythingissoexpensiveinJapan. 在日本什么東西都那么昂貴。2.例詞：friend關鍵句：Sheismybestfriend.她是我最好的朋友。PracticeI

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andbagcatchhappenthankfancyabsentanxiousavenuesalarypracticalAhappyfamilyhandinhandcapsandhatsWhatdaddysaidmademesad.Aratisrunningalonganarrowtrack.Don’tletthecatoutofthebag.Practicemakesperfect!熟能生巧bathroom大開口夸張“90度”音1.例詞：family關鍵句：Ihaveaveryhappyfamily.我有一個幸福的家庭。2.例詞：bad關鍵句：That’stoobad.太遺憾了。“90度”大嘴音1.例詞：after 關鍵句：Howaboutthedayaftertomorrow? 后天怎么樣？2.例詞：last 關鍵句：You'vemadethesamemistakeaslasttime. 你犯了和上次一樣的錯誤。PracticeIII[?:]earerirorur

earnearlyearthearnesturbanearningearthlyworkhurtbirdworldpersondirtypursetermhersirstirreferpreferincuroccurfurwerechurchtheGermanexpertanervousnurseperfectserviceFirstcome,firstserved.It’stheearlybirdthatcatchestheworm.

YouspeakperfectEnglish重讀卷舌音1.例詞：work 關鍵句：Diditwork? 這行得通嗎？2.例詞：perfect 關鍵句：Nobody'sperfect.沒有十全十美的人。PracticeIII[?]

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abroadapproveattackadvancesoldierlabourtogetherdistanceoceanseldomdoctorsugar

Breadandbuttersaltandpepper

againandagainRemembertocallyourmother.Theteacherwillgettogethertomorrow.AmericaandChinashouldalwaysworktogether.輕讀卷舌音1.例詞：matter 關鍵句：What'sthematter? 什么事？2.例詞：teacher 關鍵句：OurEnglishteacherisgreat.我們的英語老師很好。經典收小腹減肥放松“鵝”音1.例詞：about 關鍵句：Forgetaboutit. 忘記它吧。2.例詞：together 關鍵句：ChinaandAmericashouldworktogether. 中美應該攜手合作。PracticeII/a:/aaraualear

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fastglancemarketdemandremarkheartclerkalargeparcelabasketofbananasmasterofartsafterthebathFarmerBarnesisahardmanforabargain,butheisn’thard-hearted.Farfromeye,farfromheart.Youhaveacharmingsmile.“感嘆”祖國大好河山超級美國大嘴音1.例詞：father 關鍵句：Myfatherhasnevertraveledabroad. 我父親從未出國旅行過。2.例詞：calm 關鍵句：Keepcalm,It'snothingserious. 保持冷靜，沒什么大不了的事。大嘴卷舌音1.例詞：charge 關鍵句：Who'sinchargehere? 這兒誰負責？2.例詞：hard 關鍵句：Whatmakesyouworksohard?什么使你這樣賣命？PracticeIII/Q/[?]

uoooouupunderyoungroughenoughfloodstomachdoestoughcousinjustforfunluckyinlovemuchhoneyafunnycouplebloodforbloodWellbegunishalfdonewonderful經典收小腹減肥急促短“啊”音1.例詞：love 關鍵句：Ilovemoney. 我喜歡錢。2.例詞：lucky 關鍵句：I'mjustlucky. 我只是運氣好。PracticeII/?://?r/aroaroororeouralauawoaouough

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authorboardforcedaughterportraitforwardquarterAllinallmoreandmoreashortstoryPaul’sfourandcanwalkandtalk.Thestormisdrawingnear–let’sgoindoorsPridegoesbeforeafall.Alwayssaypleaseandthankyou.It'simportanttopracticeEnglisheveryday.

中嘴長元音1.例詞：talk 關鍵句：Ineedtotalktoyou. 我要和你談談。2.例詞：call 關鍵句：Iwillcallyoulater.回頭我給你電話。中嘴卷舌音1．例詞：more 關鍵句：Ireallycan'tstanditanymore. 我真的無法忍受了！2.例詞：for 關鍵句：I'mlookingforMr.Li. 我要找李先生。PracticeII[?]【?】

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watchblockhonourcollegeknowledgeswallowoccupypolicycoughwash

qualityandquantitycottonsocksborrowaclockapocketwatchThecoffeeistopquality.Whentheshopwasrobbed,everbodywasshocked.

Losttimeisneverfoundagain.possiblebotherSorrytobotheryou.“感嘆”祖國大好河山短“啊”音1.例詞：confidence 關鍵句：Hehasalotofconfidence. 他充滿了自信。2.例詞：impossible 關鍵句：Nothingisimpossible. 沒有做不成的事。PracticeII

/u//?/oooou(oo常在t,d,k前讀/u/）classroomlookgoodfoodwomanwoodcouldpuddingunderstoodshouldfullbutcherbulletwoolenPushandpullgoodbooksSoItookabroomandlefttheroom.Howmuchwoodwouldawoodchuckchuckifawoodchuckcouldchuckwood?He'dchuckasmuchwoodasawoodchuckcouldchuckwood.Youshouldworkharder.經典收小腹減肥圓唇短“嗚”音1.例詞：good 關鍵句：Mymotherisagoodcook. 我的媽媽是一位好廚師。2.例詞：look 關鍵句：Youlookgreattoday.你今天看上去棒極了PracticeII

/u:/

oooouuueoeuiewyouthfruitpupilblueflewshoedotoogrewchewbamboocanoegluetombimproveAblueballoon,anafternooninJuneDon’tlosetheopportunity.Thenewsistoogoodtobetrue.Theruleisusefulonceinabluemoon.小圓唇長“嗚”音1.例詞：improve 關鍵句：IwanttoimprovemypoorEnglish. 我想改進我的破爛英語。2.例詞：truth 關鍵句：Youmusttellthetruth. 你必須說出真相。Attention!!!發以上12個單元音時要注意以下幾點：發音之前要按照發音方法和位置的要求先將口型和發音器官的位置擺好，然后再發音，不可邊發音、邊擺口型；發音過程中,口型及各發音器官的位置一定不要改變；(c)發/i:/,/i/,/e/,/?/4個前元音時,唇的扁平度依次縮小,牙床的開合度依次加大；發/i:/音時前舌抬得最高,發/?/音時,前舌最低；(d)發/?/,/?:/,/u/,/u:/4個圓唇音時,唇形依次縮小；(e)帶“:”與不帶“:”的同一符號的音素之間絕不單純是音的長短不同的關系，而是兩個不同的音素。雙元音是作為一個音節、用一次呼氣發出來的兩個元音的連綴。這個連綴是以滑流音的形式讀出來的，即舌從第一個元音的位置向第二個元音方向以最直接的途徑滑過去而成為一個音。雙元音既然是滑流音，自然與一般元音連綴不同，如：(a-i)“阿姨”；(a-u)“阿五”。雙元音的兩個成分中只有第一個讀得比較重、長和清晰，第二個則要讀得比較輕、短和含糊。DiphthongsPracticeIV/ei/

a

a+eaiayeaeiageateaimeightyailacheaidAprilweightmainbreaksteakgreatsavesay

todaygrayweighpaydaymakewayMayDaygreatchangesNopains,nogains.

Hastemakeswaste.ThegreatGreekgrapegrowersgrowgreatGreekgrapes.Don'tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.A:Youhavetoworklonghourstomakemoney.（要想掙錢，你得長時間工作。）B:You'reright.Nopain,nogain.（你說得對。不勞無獲。）關鍵詞：mistake關鍵句：Imadeamistake.A:Imadeamistake.（我犯了一個錯誤。）B:Everyonemakesmistakes.（人人都犯錯誤。）PracticeIV/ai/

ii+eyeiighieuy

idlewineiconicemightyislandspytiebuytryhighdrycry

irontirehighlightdescribeskysupplyOutofsight,outofmind.Strikewhiletheironishot.Greatmindsthinkalike.IsthisyourfirsttimeinChina?A:I'msoafraidtospeakEnglish.（我真害怕說英語。）B:Don'tbeshy,justtry.（不要害羞，嘗試一下。）No.36關鍵詞：mind關鍵句：DoyoumindifIsmoke?如果我吸煙你介意嗎？A:DoyoumindifIsmoke?（如果我吸煙你介意嗎？）B1:No,notatall.Goahead.（不，我不介意。你盡管抽。）B2:Yes,Ido.Thanksforasking.（是啊，我介意。謝謝你問我。）PracticeIV[?i]oioy

soilboilcoinjointoiletpoisonvoyagechoiceJoycespoilloyalroyaljoytoyenjoyannoycoyemploy

Anoiseannoysanoyster,butanoisynoiseannoysanoystermoreSparetherod,spoilthechild.

Ireallyenjoyedtalkingtoyou.A:Thatboylookssolonelysittingtherebyhimself.（那男孩一個人坐在那兒，看起來很孤獨。）B:Askhimtojoinusforlunch.（請他來和我們一起吃午飯。）關鍵詞：enjoy關鍵句：Enjoyyourstayhere.祝你在這里過得愉快。A:Enjoyyourstayhere.（祝你在這里過得愉快。）B:Thanks,I'msureIwill.（謝謝，我相信我一定會的。）PracticeIV/?u/oo+eowoauooeougholdown

openoveroceanodorwrotequoteloafmoanpolarfloatphoneboldmotionmomenthoteltoerowflowechosowdoughbowtomatowindowgoldtoholdone’sbreathacolddrinkNosmoking!Theoldmanlivesalonebuthedoesn’tfeellonely.Arollingstonegathersnomoss(滾石不生苔）Ihopetoseeyouagain.A:IhopeIcanseeyouagain.（我希望我能再次見到你。）B:Thenlet'sgettogetheragainsoon.（那讓我們找個時間再聚吧。）關鍵詞：know關鍵句：Idon'tknowwhattodo?我不知道做什么?A:Idon'tknowwhattodo?（我不知道做什么?）B:Don'tworry.Everythingwillworkout.（別擔心。一切都會解決的。）PracticeIV/au/ouowdoubtamountaccounttowercrowndowntowncowaroundmouselookoutsidereadaloudhowaboutgotothesouthfallonthegroundOpenyourmouthandroundyourlipsShefoundouthowtopronouncethesound.Howareyoudoing,Jane?Youareoutstanding!b.集中雙元音(Risingdiphthongs)

/i?/，/ε?

/，/u?/

集中雙元音的特點是：發音時口也是從開到合（但發/i?/時,口從合到開)。與合口雙元音最大的不同點是：雖然也是從開到合,但最后不能滑動成為一個音,而只是從前面的元音向后面的元音集中。PracticeV/i?/eaeireareerereeuioiouear

earringrealizeweirdcuriousexperiencemuseumidiotclearlyherehearmerepierbeerclearappearcarrier

Cheerfultearsfromeartoearamysteriousidea.IfearIcan’thearhimclearlyIt'sveryimportanttohaveclearproniciation.A:Doyoulivenearhere?（你住在附近嗎？）B:Yes,Iliveverynear.（是的，我住得很近。）關鍵詞：year關鍵句：We'vebeenfriendsforyears.PracticeV/ε?/

a

airaraeareearereair

aeroplaneareafairwaryrarelyparentchairmancarefulvarycarefarewheresharecomparepairchairsquareprepare

rarebeartearaholewearanewdressshareapearJohnlikestowearhishairlong.Wherethereiswill,thereisaway有志者事竟成Weshouldallcareabouttheenvironment.A:I'mgoingtoquitmyjob.（我準備辭掉我的工作。）B:Idon'tcarewhatyoudo.（你做什么我才不在乎呢。）關鍵詞：where關鍵句：Whereareyoufrom?PracticeV/u?/uoorourueureewepoortourmatureendureasurecurefueldueltouristjewelEuropecuriousSurelythepoorpatientwillbecuredThejuryweresurethepoormanwasinnocentofstealingthejewels.I'msureyouwillenjoyit\youaregoingtospeakgoodEnglish\wewillhaveagoodtime.A:Heisfromaverypoorfamily.（他出身于一個非常貧困的家庭。）B:I'msosurprisedtohearthat.（這真讓我驚訝。）A:Areyousureyoucandoit?（你肯定你能做好這件事嗎？）B:Sure.It'sapieceofcake.（當然，小菜一碟。）Contrastpractice/I/－/i:/

ship-sheep

list-leastlive-leavepitch-peachslip-sleepchick-cheek/e/－//pet-pitfell-fillwhen-winhell-hill/A/－/e/

bad-bedgas-guesssad-saidland-lend/e/-/ei/

edge-agefell-failwet-waitlet-late/Q/－/A/

truck-trackmud-madbun-ban/R/－/Q/lock-luckgone-gunfund-fond/:/－/Q/cart-cutheart-hutcalm-comemarch-much/?u/－/u:/

chose-chooseblow-blewsoap-soup/e--------/fair-fire-fearhare-hire-here/hearwear-wire-wierConsonants輔音的特點：輔音是氣流從肺中壓出后受唇、齒、舌、咽喉等發音器官阻礙的結果。輔音有清濁之分,發音時聲帶震動的是濁音，不震動的是清音。輔音的分類：清輔音:/p/,/t/,/k/,/f/,

/θ/,

/s/,

/∫/濁輔音:/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/,/e/,

/z/,/?/鼻音:/m/,/n/,/?/似拼音:/r/,/h/,/l/半元音:/w/;/j/PlosiveConsonants爆破音：/p/－/b//t/－/d//k/－/g//p/－/b/對比:park-barktap-tabmop-mobBetterbeatabitofbuttertomakebetterbatter.Abigblackbugbitabigblackbear.Where'sthebigblackbearthebigblackbugbit?PracticeVI/t/－/d/對比：heart-hardsight-sidefeet-feedThecartgotstuckinthemud.Toomanyteenagerstendtowastetheirtimewatchingtelevision./k/－/g/對比:

pig-picklog-lockdug-duckMr.Cooksaidtoacook,"Lookatthiscook-book.It'sverygood."SothecooktooktheadviceofMr.Cookandboughtthecook-bookAgoodbeginningmakesagoodending.關鍵詞：problem關鍵句：Noproblem.沒問題。A:Doyouthinkyoucanhelpme?（你想你能幫我嗎？）B:Noproblem.（沒問題。）No.50關鍵詞：popular關鍵句：He'sapopularpresident.他是一位受歡迎的總統。A:WhatdoyouthinkofBillClinton?（你認為比爾?克林頓怎么樣？）B:He'sapopularpresident.（他是一位受歡迎的總統。）關鍵詞：busy關鍵句：I'mverybusynow.我現在很忙。關鍵詞：trouble關鍵句：Heisinalotoftrouble.他有許多麻煩。關鍵詞：today關鍵句：Todayisagreatday.今天棒極了。Let'sgettogethersometime.Whatkindofjobdoyouhave?I'mdifferentfrommysister.FricativeConsonants摩擦音/f/－/v//f/－/v/對比:leaf-leaveproof-provecalf-carvefast-vastfail-veilcovertheleavesalovelyfiguresavethesafeAFinnishfishernamedFisherfailedtofishanyfishoneFridayafternoonandfinallyhefoundoutabigfissureinhisfishing-net.Lifeisbeautiful.Whatisyourfavoritefood?It'saveryniceview.Haveanicevacation!PracticeVI/s/－/z/對比:

cease-seizeloose-loserace-raiseThesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Howmanysawscouldasee-sawsawifasee-sawcouldsawsaws?W/－/T/對比:

breath-breatheworth-worthybath-batheFatherandmotherwentthroughthickandthin.Thesixthsheik'ssixthsheep'ssick.Areyouserious?（你是認真的嗎？）Serviceisgoodinthatrestaurant.Myfatherwaspleasedwithmysuccess.Businessisbusiness.公事公辦。Ifeelalittleweaktoday.MayIaskyouaquestion?I'vegottogonow.PracticeVI[?][?]對比:pressure-pleasuregosh–garagesocial-usualshellsharpharshcrushShesellsseashellsbytheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Soifshesellsshellsontheseashore,I'msureshesellsseashoreshells.Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon'twishthewishyouwishtowish.PracticeVI[h]hugeholdithighahighhillbehidethehouseHeisholdingahatinhishandHelenhitthenailontheheadwithahammer.[r]

rarerudeprincecrazybrokenfreshthroughbrownbreadaredribbonapressconferenceThoseredrosesarereallyverypretty3.破擦音：[?][?]

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cheapchestchoiceeachtouchcoachHatches,catches,matchesanddispatches.Whichwatchdidwhichwitchwearandwhichwitchworewhichwatch?[?]judgejoinjamedgedangerbridgeJanehadchickenandFrenchfriesforlunch.JohnurgedJudytobuyadigitalwatch.FricativeConsonantsThatwatchlookscheap.Choosewhichyoulikebest.She'slookingforaparttimejob.Here'syourchange.FricativeConsonants/tr/treetricktruetreattrythetrainThedrummersdrummedandthestrummersstrummed./dr/drydrinkdropdrowndrainMr.Trenchtreatedmetosomestrongdrinks./ts/lotsgetsbootscatssheetsbitsofsheets/dz/readslidsbedsbirdshidesoddsandendsIsawlotsandlotsofbirdsandkites.Nasalconsonants4.鼻音/m/,/n/,/?//m/,memorymouthdimfirmharmSammakesmanymistakesinhishomework.Tomiscomingwithsomehamandmarmalade./n/,nastynounnaillearncoinpainanicetuneThereisnoneedtolightanightlightonalightnightliketonight;foranightlight'sjustaslightlight./?/wingkingbringsingasongalongstringLateralconsonant5.舌邊音/l/(有兩種發音)A.如果在元音字母前面,發音“clearl”（“清晰的l”）。舌端抵上齒槽,舌前部向硬顎抬起,讓氣流從舌兩旁的空隙處流過,所以叫舌側音,也叫旁流音或邊音。longleavelionlockcolorfollowLikefather,likesonLetsleepingdogslieHewholaughslastlaughsbest.B.如果/l/在輔音前面或詞尾,發“darkl”（“模糊的l”）音.applegirlballmealbellsailruleNomill,nomealSemi-vowels6.半元音/w//j/

/w/與/j/是兩個半元音，因為它們的發音位置都與有關元音的發音位置有關系。/w/是個雙唇音。它的發音位置與發單元音/u:/的相同,但是沒有長度,它只能向元音過渡,起輔音作用,相當于漢語拼音字母(w)在“窩”中所起的聲母作用。/w/是個濁輔音。weekwhetherwirewoundlanguagepersuadeWillWallStreet'srewardswaneifworkerswieldpower?/j/是個舌面音。它的發音位置與發單元音/i/的相同,也是沒有長度而只向元音過渡,相當于漢語拼音字母(y)在“衣”中所起的聲母作用。/j/也是個濁輔音。/j/

yesyouthuseunionEuropenewfewContrastPractice/l/－/n/lock-knockloan-knownslow-snowslip-snip/l/－/r/lent-rentlong-wronglight-rightloyal-royal/w/－/v/wet-vetwire-viawine-vineverywell/j/－/?/jyet-jetyour-jawyear-jeer/tr/－/?/ treat-cheattrees-cheesetrip-chiptrain-chaintrace-chase/dr/－/?/dressed-jestdrug-jugdrudge-judge/?/singingbringingringing/?g/longerfingerangryhungerangleEnglandsingular/kw/queenquestionquietquarrelqualityandquantityRulesofreading讀音規則(Rulesofreading)：字母的名稱音和它的發音是兩回事。至于某個字母在某個單詞中究竟發什么音，則取決于這個字母在這個詞中前后和什么字母結合,根據這個字母在詞中所處的不同位置而發出不同的音來。究竟應該如何發音是有一些規律可循的,將這些規律歸納起來,就成為讀音規則。Syllables音節(Syllables):音節是包含一個元音或一個元音跟別的輔音結合而成的發音單位。在英語中元音特別響亮,一個元音可以構成一個音節,一般來說,元音可以構成音節,輔音不響亮,不能構成音節。但英語輔音字母中有4個輔音[m]，[n]，[ng]，[l]是響音，它們和輔音音素結合，也可構成音節。它們構成的音節往往出現在詞尾，一般是非重讀音節。英語的詞有一個音節的，兩個音節的，多個音節的，一個音節叫單音節，兩個音節叫雙音節，三個音節以上叫多音節。確定音節時,一不能只看字母的數,二不能只看有沒有元音字母,而是要看有沒有元音。Typesofsyllables(A)開音節(Opensyllables):分絕對開音節和相對開音節兩種。a.絕對開音節：就是在元音字母后面沒有輔音字母的音節,如:no,she,me等（無聲的e除外）。b.相對開音節：就是在元音字母后面有輔音字母（r除外）,還有一個無聲的字母e,如:take,bike,note,mute等(have例外)。不論是絕對開音節還是相對開音節,讀音的規則就是發其中元音字母的名稱音。Typesofsyllables(B)閉音節(Closesyllables):元音字母后面有輔音字母（r除外）時,這個元音字母構成的音節叫做閉音節。它的讀音規則是:

元音字母a讀作/?/;e讀作/e/;i讀作/i/;o讀作/?/;u讀作/Λ/,

如:at,cat,shall;desk,best;sit,pig,pick;hot,knock;up,cut,duck等。Typesofsyllables(C)-r音節：元音字母與輔音字母–r結合，構成ar,er,ir,or,ur音節。在-r音節中,ar讀作/ɑ:/,

如：car,far,park,star,large,farmer,target,carpet,carpenter,carbon

(例外：war,warm,warp,Mary);

or讀作/?:/,

如:short,horse,north,sport,normal,forward

(例外:word,work,worm,world);er,ir,ur都讀作/?:/,

如：her,verb,term,serve,stern,certain

girl,bird,first,shirt,skirt,firm;fur,hurt,burn,turn,nurse,further,curtain(例外：clerk,very,Derby);有一點要注意：在雙音節或多音節的詞中,r如果是雙寫,r前的元音字母在重讀音節中按閉音節的讀音規則發音,例如：marry/?/,merry/e/,mirror/i/,sorry/?/,hurry/Λ/。

Typesofsyllables(D)-re音節：元音字母與輔音字母組合-re結合，構成are,ere,ire,ore,ure音節。在-re音節中,are讀作/ε?/,如：care,dare,hare,rarestare,square;ere讀作/i?/或/ε?/,如：mere,here;there,where(例外：were)；ire讀作/ai?/,如：fire,tire,hire;ore讀作/?:/,如：more,sore,wore,store;ure讀作/ju?/或/u?/,如：pure,cure,manure;sure。1、重讀音節任何雙音節或多音節單詞的音標中，有重讀音節和非重讀音節，哪一個音節重讀，該音節的左上方或該音節的元音上方標有重讀符號“'”。2、濁化音以sp__,st___,sk___開頭的單詞清輔音/p//t//k/分別要發濁輔音/b//d//g/。3、定冠詞the的讀音在以輔音音素開頭的單詞之前讀作/e?/，如：theday,thekey),thehouse在以元音音素開頭的單詞前要發/ei:/的音，如：theend,t