TranslationofContracts（重點(zhòngdiǎn)）精品資料

8.1BasicConceptofContract

Anagreementbetweentwoormorepartiesthatisenforceablebylaw,alegallyenforceableandlegallybindingagreement.

Contractisalegallyenforceableagreement.

精品資料99年中國《合同法》:

ContractsreferredtointhisLawareagreementsestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.

合同英語屬于莊重文體（frozenstyle），是各種英語文體中正式程度最高的一種。總體來說，這種正式性體現在內容(nèiróng)的專業性、語言的嚴謹性和結構的完整性等方面。精品資料Arecentdefinitionofcontractis“therelationsamongpartiestotheprocessofprojectingexchangeintothefuture.”Oneofthemeritsofthisdefinitionisthatitstressesthatacontractestablishesaninterrelationshipamongthecontractingpartiesthatisbroaderthantheirpromisesandagreement.精品資料8.2TheStructureofaContract/StandardizingtheStructure

8.2.1

Preamble

ofacontract

8.2.2

Mainbodyofacontract

8.2.3Finalclausesofacontract/witnessclause精品資料Howtocheckthecontracts?

*ValidityClauseofContracts

*DefinitionandWhereas

*AssignmentandGuaranty

*RescissionandTermination

*DefaultandEscape

*ArbitrationandJurisdiction

精品資料8.2.1Preambleofacontract

國際商務合同的前言部分，主要包括兩個方面的內容：其一，說明合同簽訂的時間、地點以及合同雙方的名稱、營業地點、依某國某法成立和存在。其二，“鑒于條款”（whereasclause），說明簽訂合同的背景情況(qíngkuàng)以及簽約的目的和原則。精品資料Example:(1)THISCONTRACT,madeandenteredintoin(placeofsignature)onthis__dayof__,20__,本合同于20__年__月__日在（簽約地點）byandbetween(nameoftheparty),acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofcountry)withitsdomicileat(address)(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA),由按（國家名稱）法律組建成立的，營業地點在（公司地址）的_________公司（以下稱作甲方）and(nameoftheparty),acompanyincorporatedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofcountry)withitsdomicileat(address)(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)，和按（國家名稱）法律注冊成立的、營業地點在（公司地址）的____________公司（以下簡稱乙方）共同(gòngtóng)簽訂.精品資料Exe.本合同由中國ABC公司，總公司設于中國上海（以下簡稱賣方）與美國XYZ公司，總公司設于美國紐約州紐約市（以下簡稱買方）于1998年3月29日訂立于中國上海，雙方同意按下述條件(tiáojiàn)買賣下列貨物：Thiscontractismadethis29thdayofMarch,1998inShanghai,ChinabyandbetweenABCCorporation.China(hereinafterreferredtoas“Seller”),aCorporationhavingitsprincipalofficeinShanghai,Chinawhoagreestosell,andXYZCorporation(hereinafterreferredtoas“Buyer”),aCorporationhavingitsprincipalofficeinNewYork,USA,whoagreestobuythefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasbelow:精品資料Exe.

本合同由AA公司（以下稱買方）和BB有限公司（以下稱賣方）于2007年8月8日簽定。憑此，買方同意(tóngyì)購買、賣方同意(tóngyì)出售本貨物，其條款如下:ThisContractismadeonAugust8th,2007byandbetweenAACorporation(hereinafterreferredtoas“theBuyer”)andBBLtd.(hereinafterreferredtoas“theSeller”)wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestosellthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasfollows:精品資料PreambleofaContract雙方同意按下述條款(tiáokuǎn)買賣下列貨物.Bothpartiesagreetobuyandsellthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasbelow.買方同意購買、賣方同意出售本貨物，其條款(tiáokuǎn)如下.TheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestosellthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasfollows.精品資料WITNESSETHTHAT茲證明：WHEREASPartyAhasbeenaleadingtradingcompanyinthefieldofthesaidproductsandiswillingtoarrangethemanufacture,assemblyandmarketingofthesaidproducts,and鑒于____________________________________________________________WHEREASbothpartiesaredesiroustoestablishajointventurecompanytomanufacture,assembleandmarketthesaidproducts.鑒于_____________________________________________________________

NOW,THEREFORE,inconsiderationofthepremisesandmutualcovenantshereincontained,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:(NOW,therefore,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:)故雙方經協商一致同意(tóngyì)如下：精品資料8.2.2.Mainbodyofacontract定義條款（Definitionclause)基本(jīběn)條款（Basicconditions)一般條款（Generaltermsandconditions)合同有效期限（Duration)終止(Termination)不可抗力（ForceMajeure)合同的讓與（Assignment)仲裁（Arbitration)適用法律（governinglaw)訴訟管轄（Jurisdiction)通知手續（Notice)合同的修改（Amendment)其他（Others)精品資料Example2:Arbitration:AlldisputesarisingfromtheperformanceofthisContractshouldbesettledthroughfriendlynegotiation.一切因執行本合同引起的爭議，均應由雙方友好協商(xiéshāng)解決。Shouldnosettlementbereachedthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallbesubmittedforarbitrationintheCountrywherethedefendantresides.如協商(xiéshāng)不能解決，則應提交仲裁，仲裁應在被告所在國進行。精品資料IfthearbitrationtakesplaceinChina,thecaseshallbesubmittedtotheForeignTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,ShanghaiandthearbitrationrulesofthisCommissionshallbeapplied.如仲裁在中國，應提交上海中國國際貿易促進委員會對外貿易仲裁委員會，按照其仲裁規則進行(jìnxíng)仲裁。IfthearbitrationtakesplaceintheUSA,thecaseshallbesubmittedtotheForeignTradeArbitrationCommissionofCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,N.Y.andthearbitrationrulesofthisarbitrationorganizationshallbeapplied.如仲裁在美國，應提交紐約國際貿易促進委員會對外貿易仲裁委員會，按照其仲裁規則進行(jìnxíng)仲裁。Theawardofthearbitrationshallbefinalandbindinguponbothparties.Thearbitrationfeeshallbebornbythelosingpartyunlessotherwiseawardedbythearbitrationorganization.該仲裁委員會的裁決為終局性的，對雙方均有約束力，仲裁費用，除非仲裁委員會另有裁定，即由敗方承擔。精品資料Example1:

Penalty：(1)FailuretoMakeTimelyDelivery未按期交貨(jiāohuò).IntheeventtheSellerforitsownsakefailstomakedeliveryofallthegoodsontimeasstipulatedinthiscontract,theSellershallpayapenaltytotheBuyer.如果賣方由于自身原因未能按合同規定按期交付全部貨物，賣方應向買方支付違約金。(2)FailuretoTimelyOpentheLetterofCredit未按期開立信用證IntheeventthattheBuyerforitsownsakefailstoopentheLetterofCreditontimeasstipulatedinthiscontract,theBuyershallpayapenaltytotheSeller.如果買方由于自身原因未能按合同規定及時開立信用證，買方應支付賣方違約金。精品資料Arbitration仲裁(zhòngcái):有關本合同買賣雙方之間所引起的任何糾紛，爭議,或歧見,可付諸仲裁(zhòngcái)..Arbitration:Anydisputes,controversiesordifferenceswhichmayarisebetweenthepartiesinconnectionwiththisContractmaybereferredtoarbitration.精品資料Arbitration仲裁條款:(1)凡因履行本合同所發生的或與本合同有關的任何爭議,雙方(shuāngfāng)應通過友好協商解決.如果通過協商仍不能達成協議時,應提交仲裁解決.(2)仲裁裁決是終局的,對雙方(shuāngfāng)均有約束力.(3)除非仲裁委員會另有裁定,仲裁費用由敗訴方負擔.Arbitration:(1)AnydisputearisingfromtheexecutionorinconnectionwiththeContractshallbesettledthroughfriendlynegotiation.Incasenosettlementcanbereachedthroughnegotiation,thedisputeshallbesubmittedforarbitration(2)Thearbitrationawardshallbefinalandbindinguponbothparties.(3)Thearbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingpartyunlessotherwiseawardedbythecommission..精品資料Example3：ForceMajeureNeitherpartyshallbeheldresponsibleforfailureordelaytoperformalloranypartofthisContractduetoflood,fire,earthquake,snowstorm,hailstorm,hurricane,war,governmentprohibitionoranyothereventsthatareunforeseeableatthetimeoftheexecutionofthisContractandcouldnotbecontrolled,avoidedorovercomebysuchparty.任何一方如果由于洪水、火災、地震、雪暴、雹暴、龍卷風、戰爭、政策禁令或其他在合同簽訂(qiāndìng)時無法預見并不能控制、不可避免或無法克服的事件致使不能或遲延履行合同的全部或一部分時，該方不承擔責任。精品資料However,thepartywhoseperformanceisaffectedbytheeventofForceMajeureshallgiveanoticetotheotherpartyofitsoccurrenceassoonaspossibleandacertificateoradocumentoftheoccurrenceoftheForceMajeureeventissuedbytherelativeauthorityoraneutralindependentthirdpartyshallbesenttotheotherpartybyairmailnotlaterthan15daysafteritsoccurrence.但是，受不可抗力影響的一方(yīfānɡ)應立即通知另一方(yīfānɡ)，并不晚于事件發生后15天向另一方(yīfānɡ)航空郵寄有關當局或獨立的中立第三方出具的發生此種事件的證明書或文件。精品資料ForceMajeure如果(rúguǒ)不可抗力事件持續120天以上,任何一方有權終止合同.IntheeventthatForceMajeurelastsover120days,bothpartiesshallhavetherighttoterminatethecontract.精品資料ForceMajeure因不可抗力(bùkěkànglì)致使賣方不能或推遲交貨時,賣方不負責任.IncaseofForceMajeure,thesellershallnotbeheldresponsibleforlatedeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoods.由于戰爭,水災,火災,臺風,地震或其他不可抗力(bùkěkànglì)原因,致使賣方不能在合同規定期限內交貨或不能交貨,賣方不負責任.IncaseofForceMajeuresuchaswar,fire,flood,typhoonandearthquakeorothereventsofForceMajeure,thesellershallnotbeheldresponsiblefordelayindeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoods.精品資料Example4.Claims:

Exceptthoseclaimsforwhichathirdpartyisliable,shouldthequality,specifications,quantity,weight,packingandrequirementsforsafetyorsanitation/hygieneofthegoodsbefoundnotinconformitywiththestipulationstothiscontract,theBuyershallgiveawrittennoticeofclaimstotheSellerandshallhavetherighttolodgeclaimsagainsttheSellerbasedontheInspectionCertificateissuedbytheInspectionOrganizationprovidedinClauses14.2tothisContractwithin21daysfromthedateofcompletionofunloadingofthegoodsattheportofunloading.Intheeventofnonconformity,theSellershallpromptlyrepairorreplacesuchgoodsorsupplythequantitythatisdeficient.精品資料除了第三方應負責任的索賠(suǒpéi)，如發現貨物的質量、規格、數量、重量、包裝及涉及安全或衛生/保健等方面和合同的規定不一致，買方應對賣方發出書面通知并有權根據第14條第2款中所述的有關檢驗當局出據的檢驗證書對賣方提出索賠(suǒpéi)。索賠(suǒpéi)應在卸貨港卸貨完成后21天內提出。如發生不一致，賣方應立即修理或更換這些貨物或補充數量。精品資料IntheeventthattheBuyerdoesnotmakesuchclaimwithintheabove-mentionedtime-limit,theBuyershallforfeititsrighttomakeaclaimwithrespecttothequantitydeficiencyortheapparentqualitydefect.如果買方未在上述期限內提出索賠，則買方將視為放棄對貨物數量不足或明顯(míngxiǎn)的質量瑕疵索賠的權利。精品資料Example5.Termination:

合同的解除Exceptasprovidedelsewhere,thisContractmaybeterminatedineitherofthefollowingcases:除非另有約定，該合同將在下述情況下解除：1)Throughmutualwrittenagreementbybothparties;雙方共同達成(dáchéng)書面協議；精品資料2)Iftheotherpartyfailstoperformitsobligationswithinthetime-limitagreeduponinthisContract,andfailstoeliminateorremedysuchbreachwithin7daysfollowingthereceiptofthenoticethereoffromthenon-breachingparty.如果另一方未能在合同約定的時間(shíjiān)內履行其義務，并且在收到未違約方通知后起七天內未能消除違約或采取補救措施精品資料Insuchcasethenon-breachingpartyshallgiveawrittennoticetotheotherpartytoterminatethisContract.在此情況(qíngkuàng)下，未違約方應書面通知違約方解除合同。精品資料8.2.3Finalclausesofacontract/witnessclause結尾條款主要(zhǔyào)應明確的內容有：合同使用的文字及其效力(Languagesinwhichthecontractistobewrittenanditsvalidity)。有時還應訂立對合同進行修改或補充的內容，并明確在合同結尾規定附件為本合同不可分割的組成部分。(3)在合同結尾部分還應明確規定：合同在雙方授權代表簽字后正式生效。精品資料Example11.ThisContractismadeoutintwooriginals,eachcopywritteninChineseandEnglishlanguages,bothtextsbeingequallyvalid.Incaseofanydivergenceofinterpretation,theChinesetextshallprevail.本合同正文一式兩份，分別以中文和英文書寫，兩種文本具有同等效力。若對其解釋產生異議，則(將)以中文本為準。2.Anyamendmentand/orsupplementtothiscontractshallbevalidonlyaftertheauthorizedrepresentativesofbothpartieshavesignedwrittendocuments(s),formingintegralpart(s)ofthisContract.本合同的任何修改和補充，只有在雙方授權的代表在書面文件上簽字后才能生效，并成為(chéngwéi)本合同不可分割的組成部分。3.ThisContractshallcomeintoforceafterthesignaturesbytheauthorizedrepresentativesofbothparties.本合同將在雙方授權代表簽字后正式生效。精品資料Example2本合同的簽署需在見證人出席(chūxí)下經雙方簽字.自買賣雙方簽署之日起生效。本合同用中文和英文兩種文字寫成,一式兩份,雙方各執一份.如中文本與英文本出現差異,以英文本為準.ThisContractshallbesignedbytheBuyerandtheSellerinthepresenceofwitnessandbeeffectedcommencingfromthedateofsigning.Thiscontractshallbemadeinduplicate,bothinEnglishandChineseandEachPartyshallkeeponecopy.IncaseofanydiscrepanciesbetweentheChineseandtheEnglishcopy,theEnglishcopyshallgovern.精品資料

Example3.本合同用中英文兩種文字(wénzì)寫成,兩種文字(wénzì)具有同等效力,自雙方代表簽(蓋章)之日起生效.

買方代表(簽字):____________________賣方代表(簽字):____________________ThisContractshallbewritteninChineseandEnglish.Bothversionsareequallyauthentic.ThisContractshallcomeintoeffectsincebeingsigned/sealedbybothparties.Represent