課時作業（四）必修一Unit4Lookinggood,feelinggoodI.閱讀理解（2022·煙臺市高三質檢）OneinfivechildrenstartingprimaryschoolintheUKareoverweight.Bythetimetheyleaveschool,thatfigurewillrisetooneinthree.Thechanceofthembeingoverweightinadulthood,whichbringsarangeofassociatedhealthrisks,ishigh,at50%-75%.Therootcauseofdiet-relatedfatnessisnosecret:anenergyimbalancebetweenthequantityoffoodbeingconsumedandthelevelofphysicalactivitybeingconducted.Addressingthisimbalanceneedstobe,inpart,areviewofourdiet.Morefreshingredients(原料)especiallyfruitandvegetables,lessprocessedfoodsandfeweradditives(添加劑)areallimportantfactorsinbuildingabalanceddiet.TheDepartmentofHealthhasrecognizedthatacollectiveapproach,ratherthanjustindividualbehaviourchange,isasuccessfulwayofachievingthis.Universaladjustmentslikeablanketdecreaseinsugarcontentinfluencethewayweeatthroughthechoicesavailabletous.Applyingthisapproachtoschoolkitchensmakessense.Theyhaveanimportantroletoplayinmaintaininghealthydiets.Offeringaschoolmenupackedwithfreshingredientsandwithoutartificialadditivesmakesadirectandeffectiveimpactonwhatchildreneatatschool.It’sanareatheSoilAssociationconsistentlyworkstohandlethroughitsFoodforLifeprogram—workingwithschoolstotransformfoodculture,improvefoodeducationandencouragelastingchangestothewayschoolsthinkaboutfood.Itworks.InFoodforLifeschools,pupilsareathirdlesslikelytoeatnofruitorvegetablesthanthoseincomparisonschools.OnewayforschoolstogetinvolvedisaFoodforLifeServedHereaward,whichmeansatleast75%ofdishesarepreparedonsiteusingfreshingredients.Itencourageslocalseasonalproduceand,atsilverorgoldlevel,requiresacommitmenttoenvironmentallyfriendlyproduce.Atitsheart,theawardisdesignedtosupporthealthandenhancefoodunderstanding.Over50%ofEnglishprimaryschoolshavesuchanawardalready,servingaround1.7millionmealseachdaytoover10,000schoolsandit’safigurewe’llseegrow.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Addressing”inParagraph2mean?A.Tackling. B.Ignoring. C.Maintaining. D.Postponing.2.Whichapproachwillworkforstudentstobuildabalanceddiet?A.Stoppingthemeatingaloneinschools. B.Gettingthemawareoftheharmoffatness.C.Ensuringhealthyrecipesonschoolmenus. D.Increasingtheavailabilityandflavouroffood.3.WhatcanwesayabouttheFoodforLifeprogram?A.It’saheavyloadonschools. B.It’scomplicatedtooperate.C.It’satemporaryproject. D.It’safruitfulattempt.4.WhichtypeoffoodmaytheFoodforLifeServedHereawardpromote?A.Sugarysnacks. B.First-classsausages.C.High-qualityimportedbeef. D.Freshlypickedorganicbeans.II.閱讀七選五（2022·洛陽市統考）Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenaglassofregularanddietsoda?No,youcan’t.1.That’swherethetroublestarts.Untilrecently,everythingwehaveeatencontainssomeamountofcalories.Sowhenwedrinkdietsoda,thesweetnesstricksourbodyintothinkingit’srealsugarbutwhenthoseenergy-packedcaloriesdon’tarrive,theinsulininourbrainhasnothingtostore.2.It’scalledmetabolicsyndrome,whichisamixofconditionsthatincludeincreasedbloodpressure,highbloodsugarandweightgainwhichcanincreasetheriskofdiabetes,heartdiseaseandstrokes.Whiledrinkingdietsodawiththemealmaysoundlikeatastycalorie-freealternativetoplainwater,thismaybetheworsttimetodrinkitbecausethecheatingcaloriesinthedietsodacouldfinallydestroytherealcalorieswemetabolize.3.Anotherproblemcouldbethefactthatartificialsweetenersindietsodacanbe10to100timessweeterthansugar.4.It’slikewhenyougotoapartyexpectingloadsoffoodandyouendupwithahandfulofvegetables.You’releftunsatisfiedandhungry.Inthesameway,artificialsweetenerscanleaveourbrainswantingmore,whichleadstoincreasedappetiteandpotentialweightgain.5,maybejuststicktowater.A.Asitturnsout,neithercanyourbodyB.No,thiswasdietsodaanditwasawesomeC.WhenyougotoapartyexpectingloadsoffoodD.DrinkingdietsodaisassociatedwithadiseaseE.Soifyou’redrinkingdietsodatodropafewpoundsF.AnditpotentiallyleavesextracaloriesbehindwhichwethenstoreasfatG.Sowhenwetasteit,ourbrainsexpectmorecaloriesthanwhatwegiveitIII.語法填空（2022·昆明市質檢）Atpresent,thetake-outindustryhasbecomeapopularconsumptionpattern.Apartfrom1(buy)foodfromtake-outstores,consumerscanorderfoodatdifferenttimesandinmultipleplaces2thehelpofthenetwork.Whilewetendtothinkoftake-outfoodassomethingoriginatinginthemodernera(時代)asaresultofour“toobusytopreparemyownmeal”lifestyle,the3(true)isquitetheopposite.Theconceptoftake-outfoodcanbetracedbacktobothancientGreeceandancientRome.IntheancientGreco-Romanworld,eatingathomewashighly4(usual)forpoorpeople.Becausethesepeoplecouldnotaffordaprivatekitchenintheirhousetocookmealsfor5(they),theyhadtobuy6(prepare)foodfrommarketandroadsidestalls.Thus,7wascalled“thermopolium”cameintobeing.Thewordthermopoliumliterallymeant“aplacewheresomethinghot8(sell)”atthattime.Itwaseitheranancientformofatake-outrestaurant9anoutdoorservicecounterthatofferedready-to-eatfood.Overtheyears,archaeologistshave10(constant)discoveredanumberofthermopoliainPomeiiandHerculaneum,twotownsthatweredestroyedbytheeruptionofMountVesuvius.Inonethermopolium,theremainsofclothbagscontainingaroundonethousandcoinswerediscovered,certainlyshowingthepopularityoftheestablishment.IV.寫作閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。（2022·湖北黃岡高三質檢）Theraincamedownsteadyandhard.JasonStoriehearditbutwasnotworriedashepreparedforadayofcavingwithfivefriendsinaremotespot80milesnorthwestofhishomeinDuncan,onCanada’sVancouverIsland.Itwas6a.m.onDecember5,2015.Asanewcomertothesport,Jasonhadgonecavingonlyfourtimes.Thiswouldbehistoughestoutingyet:acavecalledCascade.Itwasdangerousenoughthattheentrancewasblockedbyalockedmetaldoortokeepthecasualcaversout.Aboutamilelongand338feetdeep,Cascadewasfullofturnsandbarelypassable.Jasonwasnewamongthegroup,withtheleastexperienceand,at43,olderbyadecadeormore.ItwashisfriendAndrewMunoz,33,whointroducedhimtothesport.UnlikeJason,Andrewwasanexpertcaver—aformercavingguide,actually.Theyhikedabitbeforecomingtothedoor,whichsatintheground—you’dmissitifyouweren’tlookingforit.Itwas10a.m.Withtheirwaylightedbyheadlamps,theywalkeddownanarrowpassagestuddedwithsharprocks.Thesilencewasbrokenbyadrip,drip,dripfromabove.Soonthedripturnedintoalightbutsteadyflow,andtheywerewadinginwateruptotheirankles,thentotheirshins.Twohourslater,theyapproachedoneofthefeaturesthatmadethecaveunique:anarrowpassagenotbigenoughtostandupinthatledintoashort,tightdownhill.Thishadaname:Bastard’sCrawl.Fourstreamsmethere,andindeed,thewaterwasflowingmorequickly.Thesoundofthewaterhadturnedintoaroar.WhentheyfinallynearedthetopofBastard’sCrawl,therewerebarelyfourinchesofairleftbetweenthewaterandtheceiling,notenoughforthemtokeeptheirheadsuptobreathe.Theycametoterrifyingrealizationthattheywereindanger!注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；2.請按如下格式作答。Thewaterkeptrising,andtherewasnohopeofrescue.Slowlybutsteadily,thegroupmadetheirwayforward.課時作業（四）答案I.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。英國兒童超重問題嚴重，這會帶來一系列與健康相關的風險。為此，英國衛生署制定了一些措施來改變學生們的飲食，以保證他們的健康。1.A詞義猜測題。根據第一、二段內容可知，畫線詞所在句表示“解決這種不平衡的辦法”。Addressing意為“解決，處理”，與A項意義一致。2.C細節理解題。根據第四段第三句可知，保證學校菜單上的食譜是健康的能夠幫助學生建立均衡的飲食。3.D推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段最后一句可知，FoodforLife學校的學生們不吃水果或蔬菜的可能性比其他學校的學生低三分之一。由此可推知，FoodforLife計劃是一次卓有成效的嘗試。4.D細節理解題。根據倒數第二段第一句可知，該獎項推廣的是用新鮮食材現場制作的菜肴。II.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了飲用無糖汽水可能會導致疾病和體重增加等。1.A文章首句提出了關于一杯普通汽水和無糖汽水的區別的問題，并回答了你不能識別；空后則說這是麻煩的開始，故A項（結果證明，你的身體也不能）符合語境。2.D空后講述代謝綜合征，包括血壓升高、血糖升高和體重增加，這些都會增加患糖尿病、心臟病和中風的風險。由此可推知，飲用無糖汽水可能導致疾病。故D項（飲用無糖汽水可能導致疾病）符合語境。3.F空前提到無糖汽水中的“欺騙”卡路里最終可能會破壞我們代謝的真正卡路里，空處應承接上文繼續說明這種“欺騙”卡路里對身體的負面影響。故F項（且它可能會留下額外的熱量，我們的身體隨后會將其儲存為脂肪）符合語境。4.G空后用去參加派對期望有很多食物，結果你只吃了一把蔬菜作為比喻，由此可見，品嘗無糖汽水時，與我們提供的卡路里相比，我們的大腦期望得到比我們提供的更多的卡路里。5.E空前講述人造甜味劑會導致食欲增加和潛在的體重增加，空后建議僅僅堅持喝水，故E項（所以如果你喝無糖汽水是為了減掉幾磅）承上啟下，符合語境。III.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。外賣食品看似是現代產物，但早在古希臘與古羅馬時期就已出現，并且廣受歡迎。1.buying考查非謂語動詞。from為介詞，其后跟動詞-ing形式，故填buying.2.with考查介詞。withthehelpof...為固定搭配，意為“在······的幫助下”，故填with。3.truth考查詞形轉換。空處作主語，結合空前的the可知，此處應用名詞形式，故填truth.4.unusual考查形容詞。根據下文語境可知，窮人負擔不起為自己做飯的私人廚房，因此窮人在家吃飯是非常不常見的，故填unusual.5.themselves考查代詞。此處是指為他們自己做飯，故填themselves.6.prepared考查非謂語動詞。此處為非謂語動詞作定語，且food與prepare之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，故填prepared.7.what考查主語從句。空處引導主語從句并在從句中作主語，故填what.8.issold考查時態、語態和主謂一致。引號里的內容是在解釋單詞thermopolium的意思，為客觀事實，此處應用一般現在時；熱的東西