Unit4LanguagePointsI.GrammarscanII.ExerciseI.GrammarscanTheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfused

by①what

thesedifferentnamesmean.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany？②GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle．Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.①what引導的從句作介詞by的賓語，what在從句中作mean的賓語。②Gettingtoknow…是動名詞短語作主語。Paragraph1Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later，inthe18thcentury，thecountryScotlandwasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury，theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK，③whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”，④whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.③which引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內容。其中wehavetoday是省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句，修飾thefullname。④which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾主句。Paragraph2Thefourcountries⑤that

belongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyusethesameflag,⑥knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitary

defence.However,theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample，England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions,liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.⑤關系代詞that引導的定語從句，修飾thefourcountries，that在從句中作主語。⑥過去分詞短語knownastheUnionJack作后置定語，修飾thesameflag。Paragraph3TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinteresting⑦historytoexplore,⑧whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.⑨AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeople⑩who

tookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.Thefirstgroup,?theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.⑦不定式toexplore作定語，修飾history。⑧which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾history，which在從句中作主語。⑨…everywhereyougointheUK是狀語從句，everywhere“處處，到處”，引導狀語從句。⑩who引導的定語從句，修飾fourdifferentgroupsofpeople，who在從句中作主語。?theRomans作thefirstgroup的同位語。Paragraph4Next，theAnglo--Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchanged?thewaypeoplebuilthouses.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury，leftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary，andalsothenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell--knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.They?hadcastlesbuiltallaroundEnglandandmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench，somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintotheEnglishlanguage.Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.?thewaypeoplebuilthouses是省略了關系代詞that或inwhich的定語從句，修飾theway，that或inwhich在從句中作方式狀語。?hadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland是havesthdone結構，表示“讓某事被做”。Paragraph4?ThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.?Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,?asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore，andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinatingmixofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.?Thereissomuchmoretolearn…是“Therebe＋主語＋todo”結構，不定式表示動作尚未發生。?此句中動名詞短語作主語；make＋賓語＋賓語補足語(形容詞)。?此句中as引導原因狀語從句；that引導的定語從句修飾anancientportcity；現在分詞短語作后置定語修飾ahistory。Paragraph5III.Exercises課文語法填空TheUnitedKingdomortheUK1.

__________(make)upoffourcountries.TheyareEngland，Wales，ScotlandandNorthernIreland.Ithas2.

_______interestingandlonghistory.Everywhereyougointhecountry，youwillbesurrounded3.________evidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.TheRomans,4.__________achievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads,camefirstinthefirstcentury.TheninthefifthcenturyarrivedAnglo--SaxonswhointroducedthebeginningsofEnglishlanguageandchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury.Theyleftbehindlotsofnewvocabularyandalsothenamesofmany5.___________(location)acrosstheUK.Thelastgroup,theNormans,6.

___________(conquer)Englandinthe11thcentury.Theyhadcastles7.___________(build)allaroundthere.TheNormanswereinfactFrench，somanyFrenchwords8.

___________(slow)enteredintotheEnglishlanguage.TheUKisa9.

___________(fascinate)mixofhistoryandmodernculture.Ifyoukeepeyesopen，youwillbesurprised10.

___________(find)thatyoucanseebothitspastandpresent.ismadewhoseanbylocationsslowlybuiltconqueredfascinatingtofindaswellasbelongtoaddtojointobreakawaykeepyoureyesopenA:IcanneverrememberwhattheUKmeans!There’sEngland,Britain,___________GreatBritain!B:Well,ithelpsifyourememberthattherearefourcountriesthat__