專題十九主謂一致重難點分析主謂一致即謂語動詞在人稱和數上要和主語保持一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致語法一致即謂語動詞在單復數形式上要和主語保持一致，意義一致就是謂語動詞要和主語意義上的單復數保持一致，就近一致就是謂語動詞要和靠近它的主語部分保持一致。主語的人稱和數決定謂語動詞的數。一、主謂一致原則一覽表原則概念例句語法一致原則指主語是單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語是復數形式，謂語也用復數形式SteveEmberisagoodplayer.Childrenliketoys.意義一致原則指主語形式上為單數，但表示復數意義，謂語動詞用復數形式；或主語形式上為復數，但表示單數意義，謂語動詞用單數形式Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.Newsistravelingfastnowadays.就近原則謂語動詞用單數形式還是復數形式取決于最靠近它的主語Thereisaknifeandtwoforksonthedesk.Eitheryouorheistogo.二、概念歸納表時間、距離、金額、重量、數字等的復數名詞作“整體”看時，謂語常用單數。如：Twohoursisquiteenough.兩個小時足夠了。以-s結尾的名詞作主語時，根據其意思來接的謂語動詞的單復數。表學科的名詞(physics等)、書報名(theTimes等)、國名(theUnitedStates等)或組織名稱(theUnitedNations等)及news作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。單復數同形的名詞，如means,works等作主語時，謂語動詞的數根據具體情況而定。如：Everymeanshasbeentried.每種方法都試過了。Allmeanshavebeentried.所有的方法都試過了。theOlympicGames作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。集體名詞作主語時，視其意義來決定謂語動詞的單復數。people,police,cattle,youth等名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。clothing,furniture,equipment等名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。family,class,government等名詞表示整體概念時謂語動詞用單數，表單位成員時謂語動詞用復數?！癮numberof/avarietyof+復數名詞”、“the+形容詞”指一類人時，謂語動詞用復數；“thenumberof/thevarietyof+復數名詞”、“the+形容詞”作主語指抽象的事物時，謂語動詞用單數。如：Thebeautifulislovedbyall.（表抽象的概念）美的事物人人都愛。以and連接的兩個名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用復數形式；但名詞前有each,every,no修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。如：Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.散步和騎車是很好的運動。Eachboyandeachgirlwantstohaveaholiday.每個男孩與女孩都想要假期。注意：當and連接的兩個單數名詞在意義上指的是同一人、物或概念時，謂語動詞仍用單數。如：Theteacherandwriterispopularwithhisstudents.那位是作家兼老師，很受學生歡迎。（指同一人）動名詞、不定式或從句作主語時，謂語用單數。但what引導的主語從句視后面的表語而定。如：Whatweneedistime.我們需要的是時間。Whatweneedarebooks.我們需要的是書籍。主語后接with,togetherwith,including,combinedwith,alongwith,aswellas,but,except,besides,like,ratherthan,inadditionto等構成的介詞短語時，謂語根據主語的單復數而定。如：John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.約翰，而不是他的室友，應該收到責備。在“oneof+復數名詞+who/that”引導的定語從句中的動詞用復數；但當one之前有theonly/very等修飾時，從句中的動詞用單數。如：Thisisoneofthegirlswhowerelateforschoolthismorning.她是今天早上上課遲至U的女孩之一。Thisistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforschoolthismorning.她是唯一一個今天早上上課遲到的女孩。glasses,shoes,trousers等復數名詞若其前有pair/kind/type/boxof等量詞修飾時，謂語根據量詞的單復數而定。如：Apairofshoesisunderthebed.床下有一雙鞋。由“alotof/lotsof/plentyof/halfof/therestof/mostof+名詞/代詞''或“分數/百分數+of+名詞"作主語時，謂語動詞視其所接的名詞決定單復數。如：Threefifthsofthebooksareintendedforthepoorstudents.五分之三的書是為貧困學生準備的。Therestofthemoneybelongstoyou.剩下的錢是你的。由or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等連接的名詞或代詞作主語及therebe結構中，謂語動詞與它靠近的主語保持一致。如：NotonlywebutalsotheteacherlikeswatchingtheCBAbasketballgames.不僅是我們，還有老師也喜歡看CBA籃球賽。“不定代詞(all指人除外)、manya+名詞單數、morethanone+名詞單數”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。如：Allhasbeenfinished.所有的都完成了。Allarelateforthemeeting.所有人開會都遲到了。Morethanonepersonhasmadethesuggestion.不僅一個人提出了建議。考點練透一、單句填空用be動詞或所給動詞的適當形式填空。TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Everymeanstried,butinvain.NotonlymysisterbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofusgoodpainters.Goingtobedearlyagoodhabit.I,whoyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.“Allpresentandallgoingonwell,”thechairmansaid.Theoldtakengoodcareofinourcountry.Anironandsteelworks,withsomeotherfactoriestobebuilthere.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasonsyesterday.Iaswellastheyreadytohelpyou.Whatweneedenoughwater,butwhattheyneedhouses.HerfamilylargerthanmineandherfamilywatchingTVnow.Thereabigtableandsixchairsinthediningroom.Therestoffood(leave)fortherestofthestudentswho(have)gonetothelibrary.Weneedoneofthestudentswhoatthemeeting.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho(speak)Englishfluently.Manyastudentinourclasspopmusicwhilemanystudentsintheirclassclassicmusic.(like)EachofthemChinesefood.TheyeachChinesefood.(enjoy)Theworkerandwriterreferredto(go)towriteacomedy.Thiskindofcartoonswellinthebookstorewhilecartoonsofthatkindbadly.(sell)Noboyandnogirl(prevent)bytheheavyrainfromtakingpartintheactivity.二、語篇填空用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。MySchoolLifeThenumberofteachersandstudentsinourschool1(be)about2,000andtwothirdsofthestudentsinmyclass2(be)girls.All3(be)goingonwellinmyclassandeveryboyandeverygirl4(be)readytohelpothers.LiLinistheonlyoneofmybestfriendswho5(come)fromGuangzhou,andtherest6(be)localpeople.Politics7(be)myfavoritesubjectandlisteningtomusic8(be)whatIoftendoinmysparetime.WhetherIcanbeadmittedtouniversity9(be)stillunknown,butwhatIneedtodonow10(be)notwastinganytime.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。FirstAidKitWeshouldallhaveone,andinfact,weshouldallhavemorethanone.1(recommend)statethatyoushouldcarryafirstaidkitinthecar,thereshouldbeafirstaidkitinthehome,intheoffice,atschool,whenyougoouthiking,cyclingoronanyothertypeofoutdooradventure,weneedaccess2firstaidkitsatalltimes.Makesurethatyoufindout3thefirstaidkits4(store)whentheyareneeded.Beingpreparedforanemergencyisvital,andawell-stocked(備貨充足的)firstaidkitcanmakesurethatyouarereadyforemergenciesas5happen.Firstaidkitsareavailablereadymadeinmanydifferentshapesandsizes.Manypeoplefind_6convenienttobuyaready-madefirstaidkit,itsaveshavingtothink,7otherpeopleprefertomakeuptheirownfirstaidkitandbuythenecessaryitems8(individual).Evenifyoubuyaready-madefirstaidkit,however,you'vestillgottocheckitoutoccasionallyto:replaceanyitemswhichhavebeenusedreplaceanymedicationswhich9(become)outofdate?stockuponpersonalizedmedication?makesurethatthebatteriesstillworkintheflashlightTherearesomeitemswhlichmustbeincludedinyourfirstaidkitand10whicharemorepersonal.Thestuff(東西)youmustincludeare:…(Pleasefindouttheitemsonyourown.)助讀詞匯ready-madeadj.現成的medicationn.藥物vitaladj.至關重要的occasionallyadv.偶爾；不定期地availableadj.可用的personalizedadj.個性化的flashlightn.手電筒atalltimes始終gohiking去遠足outofdate過期的checkout核實stockupon置辦四、佳作欣賞下面是一篇摘自全國英語高考書面表達的范文，文中有許多精彩且靈活的語言表達，注意其中主謂一致的問題，用心體會其用法。DearDavid,Howareyougettingonwitheverything?Ihavegotsomegoodnewstotellyou.IwontheExperienceUKKnowledgeContestlastweekandIwillbegivenachancetovisitBritainforeightdaysinJanuaryatnocharge!IamreallygratefultoyouforallyourhelpwithmyEnglishlearning.Byexchangingemailswithyou,IhavelearnedalotaboutnativeEnglishaswellasalotofknowledgeaboutBritain.IwilltellyouaboutthearrangementsforthetripwhenIhavegotfurtherinformationaboutit.Hopefullywecanmeeteachotherinyourhomecountryduringmystaythere.Bestwishes,LiHua參考答案考點練透一、單句填空1.is2.hasbeen3.am;are4.is5.am6.are;is7.are8.is9.was;were10.am11.is;are12.is;are13.is14.isleft;have15.speak;speaks16.likes;like17.enjoys;enjoy18.isgoing19.sells;sell20