ReviewNounClauses

GrammarFunctionasaNOUNinasentence.Question:Whatisthecomponentofanouninasentence?名詞在句中可以充當什么成分?NounClauses

主語從句SubjectClause

名詞性從句

NounClause

賓語從句ObjectClause

表語從句PredicativeClause

同位語從句AppositiveClause引導名詞性從句的連接詞

可分為四類：連接詞that,whether,if不充當從句的任何成分。2.

連接代詞：what,who(m),whose,which

不僅起到連接從句的作用,同時還充當從句的成分。3.

連接副詞：when,where,how,why

4.

“疑問詞+-ever”引導的名詞性從句“是否”Task1區別辨析whether與if下列情況下只用whether：

1.與“ornot”搭配

Whetheryoulikeitornotisnoneofmybusiness.

4.引導主語從句并在句首Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.5.引導表語從句和同位語從句

Thequestioniswhetherhe’llcome.

Ihavenoideawhetherheisthere.2.在介詞后

I’mnotsureaboutwhetherwe’llwin.3.與不定式todo連用

Hecan’tdecidewhethertoacceptorrefuse.6.whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.whether>=ifthat和what的區別而what引導名詞性從句時,有詞義,意為是“…的東西/事情/話等”。在從句中用來作主語、賓語、表語或定語。在引導名詞性從句時，從屬連詞that一般要注意三個不(threenos)：1.不省略（noellipsis）2.不作成分（nocomponent）that在名詞性從句中不作任何句子成分。3.沒詞義（nomeaning）that在名詞性從句中沒有漢語意思。what,which和whose的區別三者都可以放在被修飾的名詞前，作定語，what意為“什么+n...”；which意為“哪一個+n…”,而whose

意為(所屬關系）…人/物的+n。“疑問詞+-ever”既可以引導名詞性從句也可以引導讓步狀語從句；而“nomatter+疑問詞”只能用來引導讓步狀語從句。疑問詞+-ever與nomatter+疑問詞的區別Thebookcanbeofgreathelptowhoeverwantstodothejob.Whateveryousay,Iwillnotbelieveyou.=

nomatterwho?=

Nomatterwhat?名詞性從句讓步狀語從句名詞性從句需要注意的問題Discussion(inpairs)Task2

1.Whenthemeetingwillbegin

notbeendecidedyet.

2.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygo

notbeendecidedyet.

3.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin

notbeendecidedyet.

主語從句SubjectClause1.主謂一致問題(Subject-verbagreement)主語從句需要注意的問題hashavehas主語從句作主語相當于單數第三人稱作主語，謂語動詞用單數；如果由and連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞用復數；由兩個或多個連接詞引導同一個主語從句，謂語動詞用單數。如：Itisafact(ashame,apity,goodnews,commonknowledge…)that…Itisnecessary(important,obvious,likely…)that…Itisbelieved(knowntoall,said,reported,…)that…Itseemed(happened,appears,occurredtome,doesn’tmatter,hasturnedout)that…

2.it形式主語&句型(sentencepatterns)名詞短語It+be+形容詞+主語從句過去分詞It+不及物動詞+主語從句Mysuggestionisthatweall___________(take)anactivepartinthecomingsportsmeet.2.Hisproposalwasthatthework________________(finish)infivehours.

表語從句PredicativeClause表語從句需要注意的問題(should)take(should)befinished1.如果引出表語從句的名詞是一些表示“建議”或者是“命令”之類的詞如advice,suggestion,command,request,require,proposal,order,desire,demand,insist,等,那么從句中的動詞通常用(should)+動詞原形。2.表語從句還可以由asif/though引導Therearemanyblackcloudsinthesky.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.3.句型It/This/Thatisbecause/why…Sb/sthisnolongerwhatitwas/usedtobe.1.賓語從句通常放在1.作動詞的賓語

Shedidn’tknowwhathadhappened.

賓語從句ObjectClause賓語從句需要注意的問題Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容詞的賓語Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.that引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious,certain,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content

等。2.作介詞的賓語

謂語動詞（及物動詞）形容詞或介詞之后。it作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。

I’dappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.

Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillgetmarriednextmonth.

2.it作為形式賓語下列動詞后常引導賓語從句make,think,consider,feel,find,see,regard,take等。3.that引導賓語從句時可以省略，除下列兩種情況

(1).在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補+that從句(真正賓語)的句型中不省略HemadeitquiteclearthathepreferredtostudyEnglish.（that不可以省略）

(2).由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導的賓語從句中,則第二個賓語從句前的that不省略。Hetoldme(that)

hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.（第一個that可以省略，但第二個that不可以省略。)同位語從句一般跟在fact,news,word,idea,hope,wish,promise,truth,reason,suggestion,thought,question,doubt,conclusion,belief,order,possibility等這些抽象名詞的后面,說明前面名詞的具體內容。

同位語從句AppositiveClause同位語從句與定語從句的主要區別Task3從句作用上的區別：同位語從句和定語從句分別在句中起什么作用？定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容,是補充說明的關系。

(1)The

news

that

he

told

me

just

now

is

true．定語從句(2)The

news

that

I

have

passed

the

exam

is

true.

同位語從句modifyexplain

同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether等詞引導，充當成分。而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞，除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當成分。

The

idea

that

computers

can

recognize

human

voices

surprises

many

people.The

idea

that

he

gave

surprises

many

people.（that在從句中不充當任何成份。）（that在從句中作gave的賓語。）2.引導詞成分上的區別：引導詞that做何成分？

同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句則不可以。(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.

(2)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.

Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.3.檢驗技巧*不會出現在定語從句中的關系詞：——as,且when,where,why等不能與介詞+which互換。——what,whether,if,how4.引導詞的不同*不會出現在名詞性從句中的關系詞：5、名詞性從句與定語從句的一些對應關系：1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.--Hehasdone________hecantohelpme.

allthat

2.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished.--_____

breaksthelawistobepunished.3.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.--Theywilldo___________hewantsthemtodo.Anyonewhoanythingthat4.Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.-isknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.-isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.WhatAs名詞性從句典型錯誤例析Task4找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結出規律：

1.

Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?

2.Idon'tknowwherehashegone.

3.

Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.

Canyoutellmehowmanystudents

thereare

inyourclass?Idon'tknowwhere

hehas

gone.Theowneroftheshopcametosee

whatwasthematter.規律一：名詞性從句中須使用陳述語序！找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結出規律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.

5.Myideaisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.

Wesuggestedthatwe

(should)goto

thecinema.Myideaisthatwe

(should)do

ourhomeworkfirst.Hisproposalthatwe

(should)go

thereonfootisacceptable.規律二：注意虛擬語氣的使用！找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結出規律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.

Whether

wewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Itdependson

whether

theweatheris....Thequestionis

whether

hehimselfwillbepresent....Heaskedme

whether

Icouldgowithhimornot.

規律三：5種情況只能用whether：1.位于句子開頭；2.在介詞后；3.與不定式連用4.引導主、表、同位語從句；5.與ornot或or連用找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結出規律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.4.Thatdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouwillcomeornot.itItIt規律四：主語從句和賓語從句可以借助“it”而后置。ExercisePracticemakesperfectTask5解題技巧口訣：缺什么，補什么；什么都不缺，填that；缺“是否”，考慮whether或if1.Trytobethefirsttogetthechancetoanswerthequestions.2.Ifananswerisgivencorrectly,thegroupwillget10points;ifananswerisgivenwrongly,thegroupwillget0point.Rules:Groupcompetition解析：我想別人喜歡我是因為我的內在，也就是我inside的品質。只有what可以指代是…的東西。有同學會誤選A，錯誤地用中文語言習慣去做英文題。1.Iwanttobelikedandlovedfor

Iaminside.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how2.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was

itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether解析：從句不缺成分，因此用that來引導。句意：狄更斯喜歡他自己的小說《大衛科波菲爾》的部分原因是小說創作非常貼近他本人的真實生活。3.___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who4.Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof

hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how翻譯：作為一名新任外交官，他常常想著怎樣才能對這樣的場合做出更加適當的反應。解析：“誰最后離開房間應關燈。”whoever意為“無論誰”,引導主語從句,并在從句中作主語。若選A或B,anyone或theperson后應加who,使其成為由who引導的定語從句。5.-Therescueteamareconsidering

theycandomoreforthepeoplesufferingfromthesnowstorm.Sotheyare.A.whatB.whateverC.ifD.how解析:從句中do已有賓語more,所以不能用what或whatever;if在此不符合語境;how表方式。解析:由thelasttime可知是表示時間，故用when引導表語從句6.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_____wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why8.Myadviceisthathe____regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept7.-Shallwehaveapicnictomorrow?-Itdependsontheweather

wewillgo.A.if B.whether C.thatD.when10.Whatweusedtothink

impossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.is B.was C.are D.were解析由句意“我們以前認為不可能的事現在看起來的確是可能的”和謂語動詞usedtothink可知空格處的謂語部分應該表達過去意義，且應用單數形式。9.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and

allthelightswereoff，theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.why B.thatC.when D.where解析：“確保門關上了,且所有的燈都關上了之后,那個男孩打開門進了他的臥室”。checked后跟了兩個賓語從句，第一個從句的引導詞that省略了。12.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand

itisroughorsmooth.A./ B.whether C.howD.what11.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger

itwas20yearsago,

itwassopoorlyequipped.what;when B.that;whichC.what;which D.which;that解析:第一個從句是表語從句并在從句中作表語，所以用what；后面是一個when引導的定語從句，其先行詞是20yearsago。13.Doyouhaveanyidea

isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?

A.that B.what C.as D.which14.Marywroteanarticleon

theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.why B.what C.who D.that解析

:why在此引導賓語從句，并且在從句中作原因狀語。句意為：瑪麗寫了一篇關于該隊為什么沒有贏得比賽的文章。解析:所填詞引導的從句是對前面名詞idea內容的解釋，所以應是同位語從句。同位語從句中缺主語，根據題意，答案應為what。16.Afterafive-hourdrive,theyreached____theythoughtwastherightplace____theyhadbeendreamingof.A.where;which B.that;thatC.which;where D.what;that15.Isit,inyouropinion,possible____newmeasureswillbetakentoimprovetheterribletraffic?A.WhetherB.what C.when D.that17.

acertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject.IthasB.TheyhaveC.ItremainsD.Thereremains18.Wethinkthatit’slove,generosityandperseverance

maketheworld

itistoday.A．what;that B．that;whatC．which;what D．which;that19.-Doyoudoubt

shehaspassedtheexamination?-Iamnotdoubtfulatall

shehaspassedalltheexaminations.that;whetherB.that;thatC.whether;thatD.whether;whether解析：doubt用在否定句和疑問句中,后面常接that引導的從句,用在肯定句中用whether/if引導從句。20.(1)

Itisuncertain

sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.(2)Returnthebookto

nameisonit.(3)Therearethreebooksonthedesk.Idon’tknow

onehewillchoose.A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.thatCAB名詞性從句在寫作中的應用1.在短文填詞中的應用2.在書面表達中的應用Task6Nowadaysalotofschoolskeeptheirstudentsinschoolalldaylong.Studentshavedifferentopinionsaboutit.…Personally,thereisnodthatweshouldkeepstudentsatschool.ButIthink

ofnecessitythatschoolsshouldorganizevariousactivitiessothatstudentscanenjoytheirschoollife.oubtit1.Thecollegeentranceexamisonthewayandalltheteachersworkveryhard,encouragingustobuildupourconfidenceandinspiringustoimproveourstudies.…Athome,ourparentstakegoodcareofussothatwecanalwaysbefullofenergy.I’mverygratefulfor

myparentsandteachershavedone.what2.LastweekIwenttovisitmyformerneighbor,Mr.Yang.HeandIusedtolivenexttoeachotherformanyyears.Abouthalfayearago,anordercame

theoldbuildings,alongwithmanyothersimilarones,wasgoingtobepulleddowntomakeroomforamainstreet.Sowehadtomoveapart.that3.Thegenerationgaphasbecomeaseriousproblem.Ireadareportaboutitinthenewspaper.Somechildrenkilledthemselvesafterquarrelswithparents.Ithinkthisis

theydon’toftenhaveatalkwitheachother.Parentsareoftenbusywiththeirwork,sotheyhavelittletimetostaywiththeirchildren.because4.Recently,Ihavefoundsomeclassmatesstudydeepintothenightanddon’tspare(騰出)anytimetotakearestduringthedayeither(也).…Inmyopinion,it’simportantforusto