《高處作業(yè)安全技術(shù)要求》TechnicalRequirementsforSafetyWorkingatHeights第一節(jié)

高處作業(yè)的基本安全要求

Section1BasicSafetyRequirementsforWorkingatHeights

一、高處作業(yè)的定義1.Definitionofworkingatheights

凡在墜落高度基準(zhǔn)面2m以上（含2m）有可能墜落的高處進(jìn)行的作業(yè)，都稱為高處作業(yè)。

Anyoperationcarriedoutataheightwherethefallheightdatumismorethan2m(including2m)andislikelytofalliscalledworkingatheights.二、高處作業(yè)分級(jí)與分類2.Gradingandclassificationofworkingatheights1.分級(jí)(1)Grading(1)高處作業(yè)高度在2~5m時(shí)，稱為一級(jí)高處作業(yè)。Whentheheightofthehigh-placeoperationis2to5m,itiscalledthefirst-levelhigh-placeoperation.(2)高處作業(yè)高度在5m以上至15m時(shí)，稱為二級(jí)高處作業(yè)Whentheheightofthehigh-placeoperationis5to15m,itiscalledthesecond-levelhigh-placeoperation.(3)高處作業(yè)高度在15m以上至30m時(shí)，稱為三級(jí)高處作業(yè)。Whentheheightofthehigh-placeoperationis15to30m,itiscalledthethird-levelhigh-placeoperation.(4)高處作業(yè)高度在30m以上時(shí)，稱為特級(jí)高處作業(yè)。Whentheheightofthehigh-placeoperationisover30m,itiscalledthespecialhighplaceoperation.第一節(jié)高處作業(yè)的基本安全要求

Section1BasicSafetyRequirementsforWorkingatHeights

2.分類(2)Classification

高處作業(yè)的種類分為一般高處作業(yè)和特殊高處作業(yè)兩種。Thetypesofhigh-placeoperationsaredividedintotwotypes:generalhigh-placeoperationsandspecialhigh-placeoperations.特殊高處作業(yè)包括以下幾個(gè)類別:

Specialhigh-placeoperationsincludethefollowingtypes:(1)在陣風(fēng)風(fēng)力6級(jí)(風(fēng)速10.8m/s)以上的情況下進(jìn)行的高處作業(yè)稱為強(qiáng)風(fēng)高處作業(yè)。High-placeoperationscarriedoutwithatleastsix-gradegusts(windspeedof10.8m/s)arecalledhigh-placeoperationswithstrongwinds.(2)在高溫或低溫環(huán)境下進(jìn)行的高處作業(yè)，稱為異溫高處作業(yè)。

High-placeoperationscarriedoutinahigh-temperatureorlow-temperatureenvironmentarecalledabnormaltemperaturehigh-placeoperation.第一節(jié)高處作業(yè)的基本安全要求

Section1BasicSafetyRequirementsforWorkingatHeights

三、高處作業(yè)的基本安全要求3.Thebasicsafetyrequirementsforhigh-placeoperations

安全帶應(yīng)高掛低用,不得采用低于腰部水平的系掛方法。Thesafetyharnessshouldbehunghigherthanthestandingplaceandtheworkingplaceshouldbelowerthanitshangingposition;andthemethodoftyingitbelowthewaistshouldnotbeadopted.

作業(yè)點(diǎn)下方要設(shè)安全警戒區(qū)，有明顯警戒標(biāo)志，并設(shè)專人監(jiān)護(hù)，提醒作業(yè)人員和其他有關(guān)人員注意安全。禁區(qū)圍欄(墻)與作業(yè)位置外側(cè)間距一般為：I級(jí)高處作業(yè)2~4m、II級(jí)高處作業(yè)3~6m、II級(jí)高處作業(yè)4~8m、IV級(jí)高處5~10m,任何人不準(zhǔn)在禁區(qū)內(nèi)休息或工作。Asafetywarningareashouldbebuiltundertheoperationpoint,withobviouswarningsigns,anda

person

shouldbeassignedtoremindtheoperatorsandotherrelevantpersonneltotakecare.Thespacingbetweenthefence(wall)oftheforbiddenareaandtheoutsideoftheoperationpositionisgenerallyasfollows:2to4mforhigh-placeoperationatlevelI,3to6mforhigh-placeoperationatlevelII,4to8mforhigh-placeoperationatlevelⅢ,and5to10mforhigh-placeoperationsatlevelIV,andnooneisallowedtorestorworkintheforbiddenarea.第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

一、臨邊作業(yè)的安全防護(hù)要求1.Safetyprotectionrequirementsforlimboperations1.臨邊高處作業(yè)的要求(1)Requirementsforlimboperationsatheights

(1)基坑周邊，尚未安裝欄桿或欄板的陽臺(tái)、料臺(tái)與挑平臺(tái)兩邊、雨篷與挑檐邊，無外腳手的屋面與樓層周邊及水箱與水塔周邊等處，都必須設(shè)置防護(hù)欄桿。Aroundthepit,guardrailsmustbeerectedintheplaces:balconieswhererailingsorbalustradeshavenotyetinstalled;bothsidesofthematerialtableandthepickplatform,theedgeoftheawningandtheeaves;theroofandfloorwithoutexternalscaffolding,andtheperimeterofthewatertankandthewatertower.

第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

(2)首層墻高度超過3.2m的2層樓面周邊，以及無外腳手的高度超過3.2m樓層周邊，必須在外圍架設(shè)安全平網(wǎng)一道。Ontheperipheryofthe2-storybuildingwithaheightofmorethan3.2mofthewallofthefirstlayer,andontheperipheryofthebuildingwithaheightofmorethan3.2mwithoutexternalscaffolding,safetynetsmustbe.

(3)分層施工的樓梯口和梯段邊，必須安裝臨時(shí)護(hù)欄。頂層樓梯口應(yīng)隨工程結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)度安裝正式防護(hù)欄桿。Temporaryguardrailsmustbeinstalledonthestairwellsandbenchsidesinthelayeredconstruction.Thetopfloorstairwellsshouldbeequippedwithformalprotectiverailingsintermsoftheprogressofengineeringconstructure.第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

(4)井架與施工用電梯和腳手架等與建筑物通道的兩側(cè)邊，必須設(shè)防護(hù)欄桿。地面通道上部應(yīng)裝設(shè)安全防護(hù)棚。雙籠井架通道中間，應(yīng)予隔離封閉。Guardrailsmustbesetonbothsidesofthebuildingpassages,derricks,constructionelevatorsandscaffolding.Theupperpartofthegroundpassageshouldbeequippedwithsafetyshelters.Inthemiddleofthedoublecagederrickchannel,itshouldbeisolatedandclosed.

(5)各種垂直運(yùn)輸接料平臺(tái)，除兩側(cè)設(shè)防護(hù)欄桿外，平臺(tái)口還應(yīng)設(shè)置安全門或活動(dòng)防護(hù)欄桿。Forallkindsofverticalplatformsfortransportandoffloading,exceptfortheprotectiverailingsonbothsides,theirentrancesshouldbeequippedwithexitdoorsormovableprotectionrailings.第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

2.臨邊防護(hù)欄桿桿件的規(guī)格及連接要求(2)Specificationsandconnectionrequirementsforthemembersofthelimbprotectionrailings

(1)原木橫桿上桿梢徑不應(yīng)小于70mm,下桿梢徑不應(yīng)小于60mm,用不小于12號(hào)的鍍鋅鋼絲、竹篾或塑料篾綁扎，不應(yīng)少于3圈，要求表面平順和穩(wěn)固無動(dòng)搖。Thediameteroftheupperpoleofthelogcrossbarshouldnotbelessthan70mm,thatofthelowerpoleshouldnotbelessthan60mm.Moreover,thelogcrossbarshouldbetiedwithnolessthan12-gaugegalvanizedsteelwire,bambooorplasticgrate,whichshouldnotbelessthan3turns,withtherequirementforasmoothandstablesurfacewithoutwavering

(2)鋼筋橫桿上桿直徑不應(yīng)小于16mm,下桿直徑不應(yīng)小于14mm，欄桿柱直徑不應(yīng)小于18mm,采用電焊或鍍鋅鋼絲綁扎固定。Thediameteroftheupperbarofthereinforcedcrossbarshouldnotbelessthan16mm,andthatofthelowerbarshouldnotbelessthan14mm.Thediameterofthebalustradecolumnshouldnotbelessthan18mm,whichshouldbefixedbyweldingorzinc-coatedwires.

(3)鋼管橫桿及欄桿柱均應(yīng)采用48mmX(2.75~3.5)mm的管材，以扣件或電焊固定。Thesteelcrossbarandrailingcolumnshouldbemadeof48mmX(2.75~3.5)mmpipe,fixedwithfastenersorelectricwelding.第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

3.搭設(shè)臨邊防護(hù)欄時(shí)的要求(3)Requirementsfortheerectionoflimbprotectionrails

(1)防護(hù)欄桿應(yīng)由上、下兩道橫桿及欄桿柱組成，上桿離地面高度為1.0~1.2m，下桿離地面高度為0.5~0.6m。坡度大于1:2.2的屋面，防護(hù)欄桿應(yīng)高1.5m，并加掛安全網(wǎng)。除經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算外，橫桿長(zhǎng)度大于2m時(shí)，必須加設(shè)欄桿柱。Theprotectiverailingshouldbecomposedoftwocrossbarsandrailings.

Theheightoftheupperpolefromthegroundis1.0to1.2m,andthatofthelowerpolefromthegroundis0.5to0.6m.Forroofswithaslopegreaterthan1:2.2,theprotectiverailingshouldbe1.5mhighandasafetynetshouldbehung.Inadditiontothedesigncalculations,whenthelengthofthecrossbarismorethan2m,abalustradecolumnmustbeadded.

(2)欄桿柱的固定應(yīng)符合下列要求:

Thefixationoftherailingcolumnshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

當(dāng)在基坑四周固定時(shí)，可采用鋼管并打入地面50~70cm。鋼管離邊口的距離，不應(yīng)小于50cm。防護(hù)欄承受1000N外力，欄桿下面設(shè)置不低于18cm的擋腳板或40cm的擋腳笆。Whentherailingcolumnhasbeenfixedaroundthepit,asteelpipecanbepunchedintothegroundfor50to70cm.Thedistanceofthesteelpipefromtheedgeshouldnotbelessthan50cm.Theprotectivefenceshouldbear1000Nexternalforces,andundertherailing,toeboardsofnotlessthan18cmorbamboopiecesof40cmshouldbesetup.第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

二、洞口作業(yè)的安全防護(hù)要求2.Safetyprotectionrequirementsforopeningoperations

(1)板與墻的洞口，必須設(shè)置牢固的蓋板、防護(hù)欄桿、安全網(wǎng)或其他防墜落的防護(hù)設(shè)施。Attheopeningoftheboardandwall,strongcovers,protectiverailings,safetynetsorotheranti-fallingequipmentmustbeprovided.

(2)電梯井口必須設(shè)防護(hù)欄桿或固定柵門;電梯井內(nèi)應(yīng)每隔兩層并最多隔10m設(shè)一道安全網(wǎng)Theelevatorshaftmustbeequippedwithprotectiverailingsorfixedgates;intheelevatorshaft,

a

safety

net

shouldbesetupeverytwofloorswith10mapartatmost.

(3)洞口根據(jù)具體情況采取設(shè)防護(hù)欄桿、加蓋件、張掛安全網(wǎng)與裝柵門等措施時(shí)，必須符合規(guī)范要求。Accordingtothespecificsituationofopenings,whentakingmeasures,suchasusingprotectionrailings,coveringparts,safetynetsandinstallinggates,wemustcomplywiththerequirementsandthespecifications.第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

三、攀登作業(yè)的安全防護(hù)要求3.Safetyprotectionrequirementsforclimbingoperations1.登高用梯的使用要求(1)Requirementsfortheuseofladdersforascending

(1)接長(zhǎng)時(shí)，接頭只允許有--處，且連接后梯梁強(qiáng)度不變。Whentheladderneedstobeextended,itisonlyallowedtohaveonejoint,andthestrengthoftheladderbeamaftertheconnectionisunchanged.

(2)

常用固定式直爬梯的材料、寬度、高度及構(gòu)造等許多方面，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)都有具體規(guī)定，不得違反。Thematerial,width,heightandstructureofthecommonlyusedfixedstraight-climbladderaremanyaspects,andtherearespecificprovisionsinthestandardandmustnotbeviolated

(3)上下梯子時(shí)，必須面向梯子，且不得手持器物。Whengoingupanddowntheladder,youmustfacetheladderandcannotholdtools.第二節(jié)

臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations四、懸空作業(yè)的安全防護(hù)要求4.Safetyprotectionrequirementsforsuspendedoperations

在周邊臨空狀態(tài)下，無立足點(diǎn)或無牢靠立足點(diǎn)的條件下進(jìn)行的高處作業(yè)，稱為懸空作業(yè)。這里所指的懸空作業(yè)，是指建筑安裝工程中，從事建筑物和構(gòu)筑物結(jié)構(gòu)主體施工的操作人員。懸空作業(yè)在建筑施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)較為常見的，主要有構(gòu)件吊裝、鋼筋綁扎、混凝土澆筑以及門窗安裝和油漆等多種作業(yè)。

Theworkcarriedoutundertheconditionofnofootholdornofirmfootholdinthesurroundingairconditioniscalledsuspendedoperation.Thesuspendedoperationmentionedherereferstotheoperatorswhoareengagedintheconstructionofthemainstructureofbuildingsandstructuresintheconstructionandinstallationengineering.Suspendedoperationismorecommoninconstructionsites,mainlyincludingcomponenthoisting,steelbarbinding,concretepouring,doorandwindowinstallationandpaintingandotheroperations.

第二節(jié)

臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

1.構(gòu)件吊裝與管道安裝安全防護(hù)

（1）Safetyprotectionforcomponenthoistingandpipelineinstallation

安裝管道時(shí)，可將結(jié)構(gòu)或操作平臺(tái)作為立足點(diǎn)，在安裝中的管道上行走和站立，是十分不安全的。Wheninstallingthepipeline,itisveryunsafetowalkandstandonthepipelineunderinstallation,usingthestructureortheoperatingplatformasafoothold.第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

2.鋼筋綁扎安全防護(hù)

（2）Rebarbindingsafetyprotection

進(jìn)行鋼筋綁扎和安裝鋼筋骨架的高處作業(yè)，都要搭設(shè)操作平臺(tái)和掛安全網(wǎng)。懸空大梁的鋼筋綁扎，施工作業(yè)人員要站在操作平臺(tái)，上進(jìn)行操作。綁扎柱和墻的鋼筋，不能在鋼筋骨架上站立或攀登上下。綁扎2m以上的柱鋼筋，還需在柱的周圍搭設(shè)作業(yè)平臺(tái)。2m以下的鋼筋，可在地面或樓面上綁扎，然后豎立。Forsuspendedoperationsofsteelbarbindingandsteelframeinstallation,anoperatingplatformandasafetynetmustbeerected.Thesteelbarsofthesuspendedgirdersarebound,andtheconstructionworkersmuststandontheoperatingplatformtooperate.Thesteelbarsforbindingcolumnsandwallscannotstandorclimbupanddownonthesteelframe.Tobindthecolumnreinforcementbarsofmorethan2m,itisnecessarytosetupaworkingplatformaroundthecolumn.Steelbarsbelow2mcanbetiedonthegroundorfloorandthenerected.第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

3.混凝土澆筑的安全防護(hù)

（3）Safetyprotectionforconcretepouring

(1)澆筑離地面高度2m以上的框架、過梁、雨篷和小平臺(tái)等，需搭設(shè)操作平臺(tái)，不得站在模板或支撐桿件上操作。

Whenpouringframes,lintels,awningsandsmallplatformswithaheightofmorethan2mabovetheground,anoperationplatformshallbeerected,andoperationshallnotbecarriedoutontheformworkorsupportrods.

第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

(2)澆筑拱形結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)自兩邊拱角對(duì)稱地相向進(jìn)行。澆筑儲(chǔ)倉，下口應(yīng)先行封閉，并搭設(shè)腳手架以防人員墜落。

Thepouringofthearchedstructureshouldbecarriedoutsymmetricallyfrombothsidesofthearchangle.Whenpouringthestoragesilo,theloweropeningshouldbeclosedfirst,andscaffoldshouldbeerectedtopreventpeoplefromfalling.

(3)特殊情況下進(jìn)行澆筑，如無安全設(shè)施，必須系好安全帶，并扣好保險(xiǎn)鉤或架設(shè)安全網(wǎng)防護(hù)。

Forpouringunderspecialcircumstances,ifthereisnosafetyfacility,thesafetyharnessmustbefastened,andthesafetyhookshouldbefastenedorasafetynetshouldbeerectedforprotection.第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

4.支搭和拆卸模板時(shí)的安全防護(hù)

（4）

Safetyprotectionforsupportinganddismantlingformwork

(1)支撐和拆卸模板，應(yīng)按規(guī)定的作業(yè)程序進(jìn)行。前一道工序所支的模板未固定前，不得進(jìn)行下一道工序。嚴(yán)禁在連接件和支撐件上攀登上下，并嚴(yán)禁在上下同一垂直面上裝、卸模板。結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的模板，其裝、卸應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的措施規(guī)定執(zhí)行。支大空間模板的立柱的豎、橫向拉桿必須牢固穩(wěn)定。防止立柱走動(dòng)發(fā)生坍塌等事故。

Supportinganddismantlingtheformworkshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththeprescribedoperatingprocedures.Beforethetemplatesupportedbythepreviousprocessisfixed,thenextprocessshallnotbecarriedout.Itisstrictlyforbiddentoclimbupanddownontheconnectorsandsupports,anditisstrictlyforbiddentoloadandunloadtheformworkonthesameverticalplane.Forformworkwithcomplexstructure,theloadingandunloadingshouldbestrictlyimplementedinaccordancewiththemeasuresdesignedbytheconstructionorganization.Theverticalandhorizontaltierodsofthecolumnssupportingthelargespaceformworkmustbefirmandstable,preventingaccidentssuchascollapseofthecolumnwhenwalking.

第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

(2)支設(shè)高度在2m以上的柱模板，四周應(yīng)設(shè)斜撐，并設(shè)有操作平臺(tái)。低于2m的可使用馬凳操作。

Thecolumnformworkwithaheightofmorethan2mshallbeprovidedwithdiagonalbracesandanoperatingplatform.Ahorsebenchcanbeusedforthosebelow2m.第二節(jié)臨邊、洞口、攀登、懸空作業(yè)安全防護(hù)要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

5.門窗工程懸空作業(yè)的安全操作規(guī)定

（5）Safetyoperationregulationsforsuspendedoperationsofdoorsandwindows

進(jìn)行高處窗戶、玻璃安裝和油漆作業(yè)時(shí)，操作人員的重心應(yīng)位于室內(nèi)，并系好安全帶進(jìn)行操作。Whenworkingonhighwindows,glazingandpainting,theoperator'scenterofgravityshouldbelocatedindoorsandtheoperatorshouldwearasafetyharness.第三節(jié)

操作平臺(tái)及交叉作業(yè)的安全技術(shù)要求

Section3SafetyandTechnology

RequirementsforOperationPlatformandCrossOperations一、操作平臺(tái)的安全技術(shù)要求

1.Safetyandtechnologyrequirementsforoperatingplatforms

移動(dòng)式操作平臺(tái)的面積不應(yīng)超過10㎡，高度不應(yīng)超過5m

Theareaofthemobileoperatingplatformshouldnotexceed10㎡,andtheheightshouldnotexceed5m二、交叉作業(yè)的安全技術(shù)要求2.Safetyandtechnologyrequirementsforcrossoperations

(1)鋼模板拆除后其臨邊堆放處應(yīng)離樓層邊沿不小于1m，且堆放高度不得超過1m。樓層邊口、通道口、腳手架邊緣處，嚴(yán)禁堆放任何拆下物件。

Afterthesteelformworkisremoved,itsedgestackingshallbenolessthan1mawayfromtheflooredge,andthestackingheightshallnotexceed1m.Itisstrictlyforbiddentostackanydismantledobjectsattheedgeofthefloor,theentranceofthepassage,andtheedgeofthescaffold.

(2)結(jié)構(gòu)施工自2層起，凡人員進(jìn)出的通道口(包括井架、施工用電梯的進(jìn)出通.道口)，均應(yīng)搭設(shè)安全防護(hù)棚。高度超過24m的層次上的交叉作業(yè)，應(yīng)設(shè)雙層防護(hù)。Fromthe2ndfloorofthestructureconstruction,allthepassages(includingderricksandconstructionelevators'entrancesandexits)forpersonnelentryandexitshallbeequippedwithsafetyprotectionsheds.Double-layerprotectionshallbeprovidedforcrossoperationsonlevelswithaheightofmorethan24m.第四節(jié)

建筑施工安全“三寶”的檢驗(yàn)及使用要求

Section4InspectionandUseRequirementsforthe"ThreeTreasures"ofConstructionSafety

安全三寶”是指安全帽、安全帶、安全網(wǎng)。

"Threetreasuresofsafety"referstosafetyhelmets,safetyharness,andsafetynets.一、安全帽

1.Safetyhelmets

安全帽是用來避免或減輕外來沖擊和碰撞對(duì)手頭部造成傷害的防護(hù)用品。使用中應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

Safetyhelmetsareprotectiveequipmentusedtoavoidormitigateexternalimpactsandcollisionstoheadandhands.Thefollowingpointsshouldbepaidattentiontowhenusing