會計學1ErnestHemingway海明威人物介紹theLostGeneration迷惘的一代Americannovelist,short-storywriter,andjournalist.

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LifeexperienceMajorworksThemeStyle第2頁/共26頁HisLifechildhoodschoollifeafterhighschoolWorldwarⅠlifeinKeyWestWorldWarIIsuicide第3頁/共26頁childhoodHeisthesecondchild,andfirstson*HeisraisedinOakPark,asuburbofChicago*Hisfather—asuccessfulphysician，lovefishingandhunting*Hismother—amusicteacher*musiclessonswereusefulinhiswritingandalifelongpassionforoutdooradventureandforlivinginremoteareas第4頁/共26頁schoollifeHeattendedOakParkandRiverForestHighSchoolandexcelledbothacademicallyandathleticallyHisfirstwritingexperiencewasfortheschool'snewspaperandyearbook第5頁/共26頁afterhighschoolHeworkedasareporterforTheKansasCityStar(堪薩斯《星報》)beforeWorldWarIforonlysixmonths第6頁/共26頁WorldwarⅠjoinedtheRedCross

AmbulanceCorps(紅十字會戰場服務隊)onJuly8,1918,hewoundedbutcarriedanItaliansoldiertosafety,receivedtheItalianSilverMedalofBraverywheninthehospital,hemetandfellinlovewithAgnes,aRedCrossnursebutrejected第7頁/共26頁lifeinKeyWest

In1928，hemovedtoKeyWest,Florida,tobegintheirnewlifeAtthistime,hisfathercommittedsuicideDuringtheearly1930sHemingwaywerebusywithhunting,fishing,bullfighting,travelingandwriting第8頁/共26頁WorldWarII

AfterthePacificwarbrokeout，heevenimprovisedhisyachtassubmarinetodetectGermanarmyandoffertheinformationtoAmericangovernment.In1940,hecreatedForWhomtheBellTollsandin1952hepublishedhisbest-knownnovel，atleasttoChinesepeople，OldManAndTheSea.第9頁/共26頁suicideDiscouragedbyatroubledfamilybackground,illnessandthebeliefthathewaslosinghisgiftforwriting,he"quitedeliberately"shothimselfwithhisfavoriteshotgunintheearlymorninghoursofJuly2,1961.第10頁/共26頁Majorworks

shortstories1923：ThreeStoriesandTenPoems《三個故事和十首詩》1925：CatintheRain《雨中的貓》1925：InOurTime《在我們的時代里》1927：MenWithoutWomen《沒有女人的男人》1932：TheSnowsof

Kilimanjaro《乞力馬扎羅的雪》1933：WinnerTakeNothing《勝者一無所獲》1938：TheFifthColumnandtheFirstForty-NineStories《第五縱隊與49個故事》1972：TheNickAdamsStories《尼克·亞當斯故事集》1987：TheCompleteShortStoriesofErnest

Hemingway《海明威短篇故事全集》1995：Everyman'sLibrary:TheCollectedStorie《海明威故事選集》第11頁/共26頁Figuremasterpieces1926：TheSunalsoRises《太陽照常升起》1929：AFarewelltoArms

《永別了，武器》1940：ForWhomtheBellTolls《喪鐘為誰而鳴》1952：TheOldManandtheSea

《老人與海》第12頁/共26頁Spokesmanof"theLostGeneration"

"迷惘的一代"

Definition:termappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingWWI,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvaluesbutcouldreplacethemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism.ThisincludedtheyoungEnglishandAmericanexpatriatesaswellasmenandwomencaughtinthewarandcutofffromtheoldvaluesandyetunabletocometotermswiththenewerawhencivilizationhadgonemad.Timeperiod:1920sSourceofthename:GertrudeStein（格特魯德·斯坦因）,prefacetoTheSunAlsoRises第13頁/共26頁Commoncharacteristics:ComingofageduringtheWar,havingsomethingtodowithitDisillusionedandantagonisticagainstwarUnhappyaboutAmericancultureExpatiatesinParisMajorrepresentatives:

thewriterssuchas

Hemingway,F.S.Fitzgerald,ThomasWolfe,andLouisBromfield

andpoetslikeMalcolmCowley,E.E.Cummings,andEzraPound.第14頁/共26頁Majorthemes1.HemingwayThemewithaHemingwayHero:Hemingway’sheroesliveadventure-filledlivesthataredrivenbycourageandlimitedbyfearTheyhideasensitiveheartunderatoughexterior“Graceunderpressure”istheirmottoHisheroesarehemmedinbyforcesbeyondtheircontrol第15頁/共26頁DefinitionofCodeHeroHemingwaydefinedtheCodeHeroas"amanwholivescorrectly,followingtheidealsofhonor,courageandenduranceinaworldthatissometimeschaotic,oftenstressful,andalwayspainful."

TheCodeHeromeasureshimselfbyhowwelltheyhandlethedifficultsituationsthatlifethrowsathim.IntheendtheCodeHerowilllosebecauseweareallmortal,butthetruemeasureishowapersonfacesdeath.

TheCodebelievesin"Nada,"aSpanishwordmeaningnothing.Alongwiththis,thereisnoafterlife.第16頁/共26頁CodeheroThe“HemingwayCode”ofmanhooddoesnotinvolvemerephysicalstrength,sexualpotency,orabilitytoaccumulate(orspend)wealth.Accordingtothiscode,amanisdefinedbywill,pride,andendurance:theendurancetoacceptpain,evenloss-whenthelosscannotbeavoided;theprideofknowingthatonehasdoneone'sbest,withthecouragetoacttrulyaccordingtoone'sownnature;andthewilltofacedefeatorvictorywithoutwhiningononehandorboastingontheother.第17頁/共26頁ExamplesofHemingwaycodehero:FrederickHenryinAFarewelltoArmsRobertJordaninForWhomtheBellTollsSntiagoinTheOldManandtheSea第18頁/共26頁2.War:Violent,meaningless,chaotic,purposelessslaughter;3.Death;4.Love;(asaresponsetothehorrorsofwarandtheworld:HenryandCatherine)5.Fishing,Boxing,Bullfighting,Drinking…Thenovelistwaswidelyquotedassaying,"Mywritingisnothing.Myboxingiseverything."第19頁/共26頁WringstyleSimplicity,economyofexpression?Diction:concrete,specific,commonlyfound,Anglo-Saxon,casualandconversationalwords,withfewadverbsoradjectives?Syntax:short,simplesentences,whichareorderlyandpatterned,conversationalandsometimesungrammatical.Anear"stream-of-consciousness"narrationandinteriormonologue.Understatementandomission(IcebergTheory)

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“Ialwaystrytowriteontheprincipleoftheiceberg.Thereisseven-eightsofitunderwaterforeverypartthatshows.

Anythingyouknowyoucaneliminateanditonlystrengthensyouriceberg.Itisthepartthatdoesn’tshow.”“Isometimesthinkthatmystyleissuggestiveratherthandirect.

Thereadermustoftenusehisimaginationorlosethemostsubtlepartofmythoughts.”

“Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughaboutwhatheiswritingabout,hemay

omitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,willhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignity

ofmovementofanicebergisduetoonly

one-eighthofitbeingabovewater.”

Hemingway'sIcebergTheory

----Hemingway

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