諧振耦合式無(wú)線電力傳輸系統(tǒng)建模Thisexampleshowshowtocreateandanalyzeresonantcouplingtypewirelesspowertransfer(WPT)systemwithemphasisonconceptssuchasresonantmode,couplingeffect,andmagneticfieldpattern.Theanalysisisbasedona2-elementsystemofspiralresonators.這個(gè)例子顯示了如何創(chuàng)建和分析諧振耦合式無(wú)線電力傳輸系統(tǒng)(WPT)的概念如諧振模式，強(qiáng)調(diào)耦合效應(yīng)和磁場(chǎng)模式。此分析是基于兩螺旋諧振器系統(tǒng)。Thisexamplerequiresthefollowingproduct:這個(gè)例子需要以下產(chǎn)品：PartialDifferentialEquationToolbox?DesignFrequencyandSystemParameters設(shè)計(jì)頻率和系統(tǒng)參數(shù)Choosethedesignfrequencytobe30MHz.ThisisapopularfrequencyforcompactWPTsystemdesign.Alsospecifythefrequencyforbroadbandanalysis,andthepointsinspacetoplotnearfields.選擇的設(shè)計(jì)頻率為30MHz。這是便攜式WPT系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)流行的頻率。還指定了寬帶分析的頻率，和在附近的空間中的點(diǎn)。fc=30e6;fcmin=28e6;fcmax=31e6;fband1=27e6:1e6:fcmin;fband2=fcmin:0.25e6:fcmax;fband3=fcmax:1e6:32e6;freq=unique([fband1fband2fband3]);pt=linspace(-0.3,0.3,61);[X,Y,Z]=meshgrid(pt,0,pt);field_p=[X(:)';Y(:)';Z(:)'];TheSpiralResonator螺旋諧振器Thespiralisaverypopulargeometryinresonantcouplingtypewirelesspowertransfersystemforitscompactsizeandhighlyconfinedmagneticfield.Wewillusesuchaspiralasthefundamentalelementinthisexample.螺旋是一種非常流行的幾何形狀在諧振耦合型無(wú)線功率傳輸系統(tǒng)，其緊湊的尺寸和高度密閉的磁場(chǎng)。我們會(huì)使用這樣一個(gè)螺旋的基本元素在這個(gè)例子中。CreateSpiralGeometryThespiralisdefinedbyitsinnerandouterradius,andnumberofturns.Expressthegeometrybyitsboundarypoints,thenimportitsboundarypointsintopdetool.Themeshisgeneratedinpdetoolandexported.Themeshisdescribedbypointsandtriangles.創(chuàng)建螺旋幾何形狀的螺旋是由它的內(nèi)部和外部半徑定義，和數(shù)量的圈數(shù)。由邊界點(diǎn)的幾何表達(dá)，那么進(jìn)口邊界點(diǎn)為有效。網(wǎng)格產(chǎn)生有效和出口。網(wǎng)格是由點(diǎn)和三角形描述的。Rin=0.05;Rout=0.15;N=6.25;[p,t]=createSpiral(Rin,Rout,N);

CreatecustomantennaUsecustomAntennaMeshtoimportthemesh.Thefeediscreatedattheinnercircleofthespiralmesh.Thisstructureisnowreadyforanalysis.創(chuàng)建自定義的天線，使用customAntennaMesh輸入網(wǎng)格。反饋是在螺旋網(wǎng)格的內(nèi)圓上創(chuàng)建的。這種結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)行分析。spiralobj=customAntennaMesh(p,t);spiralobj.Tilt=90;spiralobj.TiltAxis='Y';createFeed(spiralobj,[0.05250.0025],[0.06750.0025]);ResonanceFrequencyandMode諧振頻率和模式Itisimportanttofindtheresonantfrequencyofthedesignedspiralgeometry.Agoodwaytofindtheresonantfrequencyistostudytheimpedanceofthespiralresonantor.Sincethespiralisamagneticresonator,alorentzshapedreactanceisexpectedandobservedinthecalculatedimpedanceresult.重要的是要找到所設(shè)計(jì)的螺旋幾何的諧振頻率。找到諧振頻率的好方法是研究螺旋諧振器的阻抗。由于螺旋是一個(gè)磁電磁諧振腔，洛倫茲形電抗預(yù)計(jì)和計(jì)算的阻抗結(jié)果觀察。figure;impedance(spiralobj,freq);ImpedanceResistanceReactance5(旳5(旳LUJZojdJQurap山dlu-27 27.5 28 23.5 29 29.5 30 30.5 31 31.5 32Frequency(IVIHz}Sincethespiralisamagneticresonator,thedominantfieldcomponentofthisresonanceisthemagneticfield.Astronglylocalizedmagneticfieldisobservedwhenthenearfieldisplotted.由于螺旋是一個(gè)磁諧振器，這種共振的占主導(dǎo)地位的磁場(chǎng)分量是磁場(chǎng)。繪制近場(chǎng)時(shí)，觀察到一個(gè)強(qiáng)局部磁場(chǎng)。figure;EHfields(spiralobj,fc,field_p,'ViewField',‘H','ScaleFields',[05]);0020MagneticFieldJShowAntennaCreateSpiraltoSpiralPowerTransferSystem創(chuàng)建螺旋到螺旋動(dòng)力傳輸系統(tǒng)Thecompletewirelesspowertransfersystemiscomposedoftwoparts:thetransmitter(Tx)and0.3=0.20020MagneticFieldJShowAntennaCreateSpiraltoSpiralPowerTransferSystem創(chuàng)建螺旋到螺旋動(dòng)力傳輸系統(tǒng)Thecompletewirelesspowertransfersystemiscomposedoftwoparts:thetransmitter(Tx)and0.3=0.2、-0.1r-05-receiver(Rx).Chooseidenticalresonatorsforbothtransmitterandreceivertomaximizethetransferefficiency.Here,thewirelesspowertransfersystemismodeledasalineararray.完整的無(wú)線電力傳輸系統(tǒng)是由兩部分組成：發(fā)射機(jī)（Tx）和接收機(jī)（RX）。選擇發(fā)射器和接收器的最大傳輸效率相同的諧振器效率。這里的無(wú)線電能傳輸系統(tǒng)建模為一個(gè)線性陣列。wptsys=linearArray('Element',[spiralobjspiralobj]);wptsys.ElementSpacing=Rout*2;figure;show(wptsys);

linearArrayofcustomAntennaMeshantennas0.15、0.1二二linearArrayofcustomAntennaMeshantennas0.15、0.1二二E.0、-0.05、-0.1、-0.15y(^)VariationofSystemEfficiencywithTransferDistance系統(tǒng)效率隨傳輸距離的變化OnewaytoevaluatetheefficiencyofthesystemisbystudyingtheS21parameter.Aspresentedin[1],thesystemefficiencychangesrapidlywithoperatingfrequencyandthecouplingstrengthbetweenthetransmitterandreceiverresonator.Peakefficiencyoccurswhenthesystemisoperatingatitsresonantfrequency,andthetworesonatorsarestronglycoupled.Theresultsfors-parameteranalysishasbeenprecomputedandstoredinaMAT-file.評(píng)估系統(tǒng)的效率的一個(gè)方法是研究的S21參數(shù)。在[1]中，系統(tǒng)的效率迅速變化與工作頻率和耦合強(qiáng)度之間發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)諧振器。峰值效率發(fā)生時(shí)，該系統(tǒng)是在其諧振頻率工作，和兩個(gè)諧振器的強(qiáng)耦合。參數(shù)分析結(jié)果已預(yù)先計(jì)算并存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)mat文件。loadarraysparamfigure;rfplot(sparam,2,l,'abs');

o.a76543o?o.00O-心P2o.a76543o?o.00O-心P2一詈2.1o02.7 2.75 2.8 2.05 2.9 2.95 3 3..O5 3.1Frequency(Hz}3.15 3.2X1073.15 3.2X107Thecouplingbetweentwospiralsincreaseswithdecreasingdistancebetweentworesonators.Thistrend1/護(hù)isapproximatelyproportionalto.Therefore,thesystemefficiencyincreaseswithshortertransferdistancetillitreachesthecriticalcoupledregime[1].Whenthetwospiralsareovercoupled,exceedingthecriticalcoupledthreshold,systemefficiencyremainsatitspeak,asshowninFig.3in[1].Weobservethiscriticalcouplingpointandovercouplingeffectduringmodelingthesystem.Performaparametericstudyofthesystems-parametersasafunctionofthetransferdistance.雙螺旋線的增加與減少之間的距離兩諧振器之間的耦合。這種趨勢(shì)是近似成正比。因此，系統(tǒng)效率隨shortertransfer距離直到它達(dá)到臨界耦合機(jī)制[1]。當(dāng)兩螺線是耦合的，超過(guò)臨界耦合閾值，系統(tǒng)效率保持在峰值，如圖3所示的[1]。我們觀察到這個(gè)關(guān)鍵的耦合點(diǎn)和超耦合效應(yīng)建模過(guò)程中的系統(tǒng)。執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)的S參數(shù)，一個(gè)參數(shù)化的研究的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)移距離函數(shù)。ThetransferdistanceisvariedbychangingtheElementSpacing.Itisvariedfromhalfofspiraldimensiontooneandhalftimesofthespiraldimension,whichistwiceofthespiral'souterradius.Thefrequencyrangeisexpandedandsetfrom25MHzto36MHz.傳輸距離是通過(guò)改變elementspacing變化。它是從螺旋尺寸的一半變化到一個(gè)和半倍的螺旋尺寸，這是螺旋的外半徑的兩倍。他的頻率范圍擴(kuò)大，并設(shè)置從25兆赫至36兆赫。freq=(25:0.1:36)*le6;dist=Rout*2*(0.5:0.1:1.5);load('wptData.mat');s21_dist=zeros(length(dist),length(freq));fori=l:length(dist)

s21_dist(i,:)=rfparam(sparam_dist(i),2,l);endfigure;[X,Y]=meshgrid(freq/le6,dist);surf(X,Y,abs(s21_dist),'EdgeColor','none');view(150,20);shading(gca,'interp');axistight;xlabel('Frequency[MHz]');ylabel('Distance[m]');zlabel('S_{21}Magnitude');dJpnl'E留乏o.a0.6dJpnl'E留乏o.a0.60.40.2雙螺旋諧振腔的耦合模Thedominantenergyexchangemechanismbetweenthetwospiralresonatorsisthroughthemagneticfield.Strongmagneticfieldsarepresentbetweenthetwospiralsattheresonantfrequency.兩個(gè)螺旋諧振器之間的占主導(dǎo)地位的能量交換機(jī)制是通過(guò)磁場(chǎng)。強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)存在于兩個(gè)在諧振頻率螺旋。wptsys.ElementSpacing=Rout*2;figure;EHfields(wptsys,fc,field_p,'ViewField','H','ScaleFields',[O5]);view(0,0);

0.2MagneticField0.1020.3JShowAntenna0.2MagneticField0.1020.3ConclusionTheresultsobtainedforthewirelesspowertransfersystemmatchwellwiththeresultspublishedin[1].所獲得的無(wú)線功率傳輸系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果相匹配，以及與在[1]發(fā)表的結(jié)果。（見(jiàn)下文）References[1]A.P.Sample,D.T.Meyer,andJ.R.Smith,"Analysis,ExperimentalResults,andRangeAdaptationofMagneticallyCoupledResonatorsforWirelssPowerTransfer",IEEETransationsonIndustrialElectronics,pp.544-554,58,2,2011.[1]A.PSample，D.T.Meyer，J.R.Smith，”分析，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，和無(wú)線電力傳輸?shù)摹按篷詈现C振器系列改編，IEEE工業(yè)電子交易電子、pp.544-554，58，2，2011。Magneticallycoupledresonantstructuresofferauniquesetofbenefitsaswellasdesignchallengeswhenusedforwirelesspowertransfer.Oneoftheremarkableresultsistheexistenceofthe‘magicregime',whereefficiencyremainsnearlyconstantoverdistance,aslongasthereceiveriswithintheoperatingrangeofthetransmitter.Thisisnotthecaseforconventionalfar-fieldandnear-fieldwirelesspowersystems,whoseefficienciesdeclinesharplywithrange.Theworkinthispaperprovidesadeeperunderstandingoftheunderlyingprinciplesofcoupledmagneticresonance,aswellasasimplecircuitmodelofthesystem.Aderivationofthetransferfunctionofthismodelrevealswhichconceptsplayacriticalroleinsystemperformance:frequencysplitting,operatingrange,andimpedancematching.Inordertoaccuratelycharacterizethewireless

powersystem,measurementtechniquesthatuseanetworkanalyzerforcircuitparameterextractionhavebeenimplemented.Excellentagreementbetweenthecircuitmodelandmeasurementshasbeendemonstrated,withacoefficientofdeterminationof0.9875.Lastly,theissueofreceiveralignmentsensitivityisaddressedwithanadaptivetuningalgorithm.Wedemonstratethatforanyreceiverpositionand/ororientation,afrequencycanbeidentifiedthatmaximizespowertransferefficiency.Additionally,atrackingalgorithmallowsforthepeakefficiencytobemaintainedasthereceiverismovedinspace.磁耦合的諧振結(jié)構(gòu)提供了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的好處，以及設(shè)計(jì)的挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，用于無(wú)線功率傳輸。其中一個(gè)顯著的結(jié)果就是“魔術(shù)”的存在政權(quán)，在那里效率保持幾乎恒定的距離，只要接收器是在發(fā)射機(jī)的工作范圍內(nèi)。這不是傳統(tǒng)的遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)和近場(chǎng)的情況下無(wú)線電力系統(tǒng)，其效率急劇下降的范圍內(nèi)。本文的工作提供了一個(gè)更深入的了解耦合磁共振的基本原則，以及系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的電路模型。這個(gè)模型的傳遞函數(shù)的推導(dǎo)揭示了概念在系統(tǒng)性能中起著至關(guān)重要的作用：頻率分裂，工作范圍，和I阻抗匹配。為了準(zhǔn)確地描述的無(wú)線電力系統(tǒng)，測(cè)量技術(shù)，使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析儀的電路參數(shù)提取已實(shí)施。優(yōu)秀的電路模型和測(cè)量之間的協(xié)議已被證明，與一個(gè)系數(shù)的測(cè)定0.9875。最后，接收器對(duì)準(zhǔn)靈敏度的問(wèn)題是解決與一個(gè)適應(yīng)調(diào)整算法。我們表明，對(duì)于任何接收器的位置和/或方向，可以確定一個(gè)頻率，最大限度地提高功率傳輸效率。此外，跟蹤算法允許當(dāng)接收機(jī)在空間移動(dòng)時(shí)保持峰值效率。Onecompellingusagescenarioisaworkspacewheredevicessuchaslaptops,cellsphones,andUSBperipheralsareseamlesslypoweredandrechargedaseasilyasdataistransmittedthroughtheair.Asafinaldemonstrationofthepotentialofthistypeofwirelesspowersystem,Fig.15showsalaptopbeingcontinuouslypoweredviathemagneticallycoupledresonators.Herethelaptopbatteryhasbeenremovedandthewirelesspowersystemisprovidingallthepowerneededforopera