.*;;第4頁初中完形填空解題策略講座1．詞匯1500-1600個(gè)單詞和200-300個(gè)固定搭配2.語法13類3.語篇要擅長利用能表達(dá)它們之間關(guān)系的連接詞語，根據(jù)上下文的意思及構(gòu)造進(jìn)展簡單的邏輯推理來確定所填入的恰當(dāng)詞語。4.題型〔1〕句子層次〔2〕句組層次〔3〕語篇層次5.常識(shí) 解題步驟1．通讀全文，把握大意。2．細(xì)讀全文，確定選項(xiàng)。3．重視復(fù)核，消除疏漏。一．充分利用首句信息答題“完形填空〞的首句均不設(shè)空，而是盡可能多地給考生提供一些必要的信息，因此，讀懂首句可以幫助考生建立正確的思維導(dǎo)向，防止走彎路而誤入歧途。首句是理解全文的窗口，通過首句往往能確定文章的體裁、背景、寫作意圖甚至中心思想。【例1】EnglishnamesandChinesenamesarequitedifferentinsomeways.Butit’snotdifficultforustoknow.UnlikeChinese,mostEnglishpeoplehave1names.Oneistheirfamilyname,bothoftheothernamesaregivennames.Theirfamilynameis2thegivenname.TheyuseMr,MrsorMisswiththe3name,buttheyneveruse4withthefirstname.1.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four2.A.beforeB.infrontofC.atD.behind3.A.lastB.givenC.middleD.full4.A.itB.themC.himD.her【例2】Oscarisablackbearandhelikesgoingshopping.Oneday,Oscar1theshoppingwithhismother.Whentheygottothe2,Oscarwasvery3.1.A.didB.stoppedC.neededD.had2.A.schoolB.hospitalC.factoryD.supermarket3.A.sorryB.happyC.sadD.busy二．巧用上下文信息答題完形填空必須通篇理解，從整體角度考慮，結(jié)合上下文信息才能判斷出最正確答案。利用上下文語境確定答案的題目所占比例呈越來越多的趨勢。而上下文信息可以出如今同一句、前后句、前后段中，或者出如今文章的開頭或結(jié)尾部分，因此答題時(shí)要瞻前顧后，結(jié)合首尾。【例1】Marylivedonthesideofahill.Onewintertherewasabigflood〔水災(zāi)〕andalotofhousesdownbelowMary’swerewashedaway,buthis1wasstillallright.Marytookinoneofherfamiliesthathad2everythinginthefloodandaskedthemtoliveinherhouse.…1.A.fieldB.schoolC.houseD.garden2.A.paidB.gotC.lostD.taken【典例2】It’susuallysunny,butitoften1suddenly.Sopeopleoftencarrywiththemapairofsunglassesandaraincoatatthesametime.1.A.blowsB.shinesC.rainsD.snows【典例3】TodayisSunday.Weneedn’tgotoschool.NowIfeelveryhappy.Tomorrowis10.Icangobacktoschoolandseemylovelyfriends.10.A.MondayB.TuesdayC.WednesdayD.Saturday三．利用語法知識(shí)、詞語搭配、固定句型答題完形填空以語境考察為主，但不可防止的是，也有部分題目考察語法知識(shí)、固定搭配和固定句型，同學(xué)們一定要利用平時(shí)所學(xué)的知識(shí)，考慮單詞〔詞組〕的固定搭配，動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物，并利用句子構(gòu)造、句式特點(diǎn)等知識(shí)全面衡量所有選項(xiàng)，排除干擾確定最正確答案。【典例1】MrShutecamebacktohishometown.1〔Few〕peopleknewhim.Andwhenhestoppednearashort,brokenhouse,hesawanoldwoman2in2.A.satB.tositC.sitD.sitting【典例2】Whatdoyouthink9thesitcom?Maybe〔或許〕youlikeit,maybeyoudon’tmindit,…9.A.ofB.forC.outD.in【典例3】…butwewererelaxedwhenwewerelyingonthebeach.We10somephotosthere.WhatabusyweekendIhad!10.A.gotB.broughtC.boughtD.took四．根據(jù)文化背景常識(shí)答題完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與文化生活、史地知識(shí)、生活科技等相關(guān)，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識(shí)。因此答題時(shí)要充分調(diào)動(dòng)相關(guān)知識(shí)幫助我們分析、推斷，最終確定答案。另外，中外文化之間有一些差異，解題時(shí)不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來對待其它國家發(fā)生的事情，只有這樣，才能正確理解其中的文化差異，作出正確的判斷和選擇。【典例1】Therearemanykindsofanimalsintheworld.Elephantsarethe1animalsthatliveonland.Onlysomekindsofwhales〔鯨魚〕arebiggerthanelephants,buttheyliveinthe2.1.A.biggestB.smallestC.smallerD.bigger2.A.riverB.lakeC.seaD.forest【典例2】“Youareso2,dear,〞shesays,“Let’sgotoChinaforaniceholiday.Itcanbe3foryourhealth.〞2.A.happyB.busyC.freeD.excited3.A.goodB.badC.illD.interesting【典例3】“Whowouldyouliketochangeyourlifewithifpossible?〞Lastweek,weaskedmanymiddleschoolstudentsthisquestion.Thefollowingaresomeoftheir1.ZhangYike,12Iwanttochangemylifewithmyfriend,WangXiaohui.SheisstudyinginEnglandnow.Shehas2tomanycountries,suchastheUSandFrance.TheyaretheplacesIwishtovisit.What’smore,she3muchbetterEnglishthanme.IfIchangemylifewithher,Icanvisitmanybeautifulcountries,eatdelicious4andmeetdifferentkindsofpeoplethere.1.A.answersB.problemsC.questionsD.changes2.A.goneB.comeC.beenD.moved3.A.saysB.speaksC.talksD.tells4.A.drinkB.airC.foodD.water五．把握文章脈絡(luò)綜合推理判斷完形填空側(cè)重考察根據(jù)上下文語境理解文意的才能，有些題目應(yīng)從語篇層次去考慮，只有把握了文章的脈絡(luò)，才能進(jìn)展綜合推理判斷，最終得出最正確答案。文章的邏輯關(guān)系包括并列、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時(shí)間順序、目的、條件、選擇等，依靠不同的連詞來表達(dá)，如and，but，so，however，firstofall，then，finally，forexample，or等，它們在文章中起著“篇章紐帶〞的作用，可以作為做完型填空題的路標(biāo)。【典例1】MyyoungestcousinlikesChineseBeijingOperaverymuch,buthecan’tsing6.6.A.badly B.easily C.well D.excitedly【典例2】Ourheadteacheralwaysagreesthatnooneistooyoungortoo5tolearnalanguage.A.oldB.smallC.cleverD.weak綜合訓(xùn)練AAtmyprimaryschool,Iwasoneofthesmartestkidsthere.Inever,butalwaysgotnearperfectscoresonallmytests.Iwasachildgenius〔天才〕,atleastinmymind.Iwasalsomusicandsports.IwasprettysurethatonceIgottoseventhgrade,everyoneincludingmyteacherswouldbebyme.Butactually,theyweren’t.WhenIarrivedatmynewclass,itseemedthattherewasalwayssomeoneelsewhocoulddothanI.MygradesgotworseandIneededtoactuallybestudyingformytests.IbelievedIwasn’tsmart.IbelievedIwasn’ttalented.IbelievedI.Overthenexttwoyears,IhadtoworkveryhardforeverythingIdid.Gradeswerestillverylowbutgradually.Iworkedreallyhardbutwasstillneverthebestateverything.ButdoIreallyhavetobethebestateverything?AllthepressureIwasfeeling,allthatwhenIdidwrong,thatwasme!Iwasbeingtoohardonmyself.Infact,whenIdidbadlyonatest,myclassmateswouldneverme.Nooneisperfect.Therewillprobablyalwaysbesomeonebetterthanmeatsomething.Iwillneverbethenumberoneateverything,andit’sreallyOkay.1．A.forgotB.studiedC.regretted2．A.busywithB.tiredofC.goodat3．A.amazedB.scaredC.fooled4．A.betterB.easierC.slower5．A.passedB.failedC.relaxed6．A.improvingB.fightingC.reporting7．A.developmentB.excitementC.embarrassment8．A.helpwithB.laughatC.learnfromB閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最正確選項(xiàng)。ThePowerofStoryWhenmydogGraciedisappearedsixyearsago,IreallylearnedwhatIbelieve.Gracieescapedfromourbackyardaround2:00p.m.Wesearchedtheneighborhoodforhoursbuthadno______.Weputupadvertisements,andbydark,wereturnedhome,exhausted〔精疲力竭〕.Onthesecondday,Icalledmyanimaldoctor,theSPCA,andtheanimalshelter〔收容所〕.Nothing.Ifeltlost.IfIknewGraciehadbeen______,Iwouldhavebeenheartbroken.IfIknewshewascaughtsomewhere,Iwouldsaveher.IfIknewshehadfoundabetterhome,Iwouldbe______yetrelieved〔放心的〕.ButhowdoIdealwiththeunknown?Waitpatiently?Searchendlessly?Giveup?Thethirdday,whileIwassearchinginthewoodswithmyfriendRhea,ItoldherlosingGraciewaslikelosingfaith〔信任〕ineverything.Rheasmiledandsaid,“Youknow,maybeGracie’sonagreatadventure.〞Itseems______,butIfeltbetterthen.Rhea’swords______mewhat,asawriter,Isurelyhavefaithin:thepowerofstory.Asonewritersaid,allwehaveisstories.It’swhatholdsourlifetogether.Wecallstoriesscience,somestoriesmyth〔神話〕,butimaginehearingforthefirsttimethattheworldmayberound.Suchstoriesonlybecomerealwhenwe______them.Andsomestoriesareneversupportedwithscientificfacts,buttheystillseemtoholdtrue.Forexample,tenyearsearlier,I’ddreamtthatIshouldgeta______,andbythatevening,Graciecameintomylife.Whenpeoplewouldaskwhatkindofdogshewas,IwouldsayMuppetwolfterrier〔小獵狗〕.ItwassomethingI______becauseIbelievedGraciewashalfdog,halfwolf.Sowhynotimaginenowthatshewasoffonanadventureexploringherwolfside?Thefourthdays