TheAmericanDreaminAmericanLiteratureTheAmericanDreaminAmerica

“美國夢”最初是清教移民對自由信仰、自由創造的渴望和夢想，隨后在那片新大陸上及向西部開拓的過程中，美國夢演變為對幸福的追求，尤其是對成功的追求，包括事業、愛情、財富等。南北戰爭后，隨著工業化進程的深入和大都市的相繼出現，美國夢更是流行并具體化為對金錢的渴望和追求，它使人們相信：在美國這塊土地上，機會均等，只要努力奮斗，一個沒有鞋子穿的窮孩子完全可以成為百萬富翁并獲得幸福.TheAmericanDream:“美國夢”最初是清教移民對自由信仰、自由創造的渴望NewEngland:Plymouth(1620),Massachusetts(1630)TheSouth:

JamestowninVirginia,1617,VirginiaCompanyinLondonAcommercialventurePuritansforReligiousfreedomNewEngland:Plymouth(1620),TForthePuritans:

to“buildacityonahill”2.Forthesoutherners:

to“findthevale(valley)ofplenty”

TwoDimensionsofAmericanDreamForthePuritans:TwoDimens

TheAmericanDream:Aproductofthefrontierandthewest.Itbelievesinthegoodnessofnatureandman.Itrepresentstheromanticenlargementofthepossibilitiesoflife.Aslongasoneworkhard,hesurelycanbecomesuccessfulandfulfillhiswishes.TheAmericanDream:AprAmericanindividualism(theimportanceofsingleman,initiative&independence)

Americanindividualism(theimWriter,printer,publisher,scientist,anddiplomat,hewasthemostfamousandrespectedprivatefigureofhistime.Hewasthefirstgreatself-made

maninAmerica.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)“Firstgreatmanofletters”----DavidHumeWriter,printer,publisher,BeAutobiography

BenjaminFranklinembodiedtheEnlightenmentidealofhumanerationality.Practicalyetidealistic,hard-workingandenormouslysuccessful,FranklinrecordedhisearlylifeinhisfamousAutobiography.

AutobiographyThemostfamoussectiondescribeshisscientificschemeofself-improvement.

Franklinlists13virtues:temperance,silence,order,resolution,frugality,industry,sincerity,justice,moderation,cleanliness,tranquility,chastity,andhumility.Heelaboratesoneachwithamaxim;forexample,thetemperancemaximis"EatnottoDullness.DrinknottoElevation."Apragmaticscientist,Franklinputtheideaofperfectibilitytothetest,usinghimselfastheexperimentalsubject.ThemostfamoussectiondesIwasdirtyfrommyjourney,mypocketswerestuffedoutwithshirtsandstockings,andIknewnosoulnorwheretolookforlodging.Iwasfatiguedwithtraveling,rowing,andwantofrest;Iwasveryhungry;andmywholestockofcashconsistedofaDutchdollarandaboutashillingincopper.ThelatterIgavethepeopleoftheboatformypassage,whoatfirstrefuseditonaccountofmyrowing;butIinsistedontheirtakingit,amanbeingsometimesmoregenerouswhenhehasbutalittlemoneythanwhenhehasplenty,perhapsthro'fearofbeingthoughttohavebutlittle.IwasdirtyfrommyjouThenIwalkedupthestreet,gazingabouttillnearthemarket-houseImetaboywithbread.Ihadmademanyamealonbread,andininquiringwherehegotit,Iwentimmediatelytothebaker'shedirectedmeto,inSecondStreet,andaskedforbiscuit,intendingsuchaswehadinBoston;butthey,itseems,werenotmadeinPhiladelphia.ThenIaskedforathreepennyloaf,andwastoldtheyhadnonesuch.ThenIwalkedupthestrSo,notconsideringorknowingthedifferenceofmoney,andthegreatercheapnessnorthenamesofhisbread,Ibadehimgivemethreepennyworthofanysort.Hegaveme,accordingly,threegreatpuffyrolls.Iwassurprisedatthequantity,buttookit,andhavingnoroominmypockets,walkedoffwitharollundereacharm,andeatingtheother.So,notconsideringorknowingThusIwentupMarketStreetasfarasFourthStreet,passingbythedoorofMr.Reed,myfuturewife'sfather,whenshe,standingatthedoor,sawmeandthoughtImade,asIcertainlydid,amostawkward,ridiculousappearance.ThusIwentupMarketStrThenIturnedandwentdownChestnutStreetandpartofWalnutStreet,eatingmyrollalltheway,andcominground,foundmyselfagainatMarketStreetwharf,neartheboatIcamein,towhichIwentfor.adraughtoftheriverwater,andbeingfilledwithoneofmyrolls,gavetheothertwotoawomanandherchildthatcamedowntheriverintheboatwithus,andwerewaitingtogofarther.ThenIturnedandwentdowTheDisillusionmentofAmericanDreamSocialcorruptionDeteriorationofmoralvalues

Economicreasons:commerce(admirationforambition,alustformoney&power)TheDisillusionmentofAmericaScottFitzgerald(1896-1940)ArthurMiller(1915-2005)ScottFitzgeraldArthurMiller二十世紀二十年代最具代表性的作家，他有成功與輝煌的一面，又有苦澀和失意的一面，曾被稱為“失敗的權威”。他的生命交織著雄心和現實、成功和失敗、得意和潦倒、縱情和頹喪、愛情和痛苦、美國文明和歐洲文明的矛盾、東部和西部的沖突、夢想和幻滅……這一切都在他的小說里表現得淋漓盡致，而其中最有代表性的便是《了不起的蓋茨比》。司格特?菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)二十世紀二十年代最具代表性的作家，他有成功與輝司格特?菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)爵士時代(TheJazzAge)的代言人美國夢(AmericanDream)的實踐者“迷惘的一代”（TheLostGeneration)，青年的代言人“特別的是上帝賦予他一雙翅膀，于是他有了飛翔的欲望，然而這決定了他的毀滅。”

司格特?菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)爵士時“爵士時代的優秀編年史家”典型的爵士時代的青年，有著自己的美國夢，不同的是他在熱烈追求這些“理想”的同時，能用冷靜的眼光，客觀的態度去分析這一切，并加以諷刺。bestknownforhisnovelsandshortstorieswhichchronicletheexcessesofAmerica'sJazzAgeduringthe1920s.“爵士時代的優秀編年史家”典型的爵士時代的青年，有著best

菲茨杰拉德雖以他敏銳的觀察和巧慧的心靈反映了美國的“爵士時代”，但作為一個時代的歌手，他吟唱的不是一首熱情洋溢的頌歌，而是一曲悲切的哀歌，一曲“美國夢”（TheAmericanDream）遭遇破滅的哀歌。他自己早就說過：“進入我頭腦的故事都包含著某種災禍，在我的長篇小說里，可愛的青年走向毀滅。”美國夢(AmericanDream)的實踐者菲茨杰拉德雖以他敏銳的觀察和巧慧的心靈反映了美國的“

“你會忘了的。東西丟失以后才覺更甜蜜。我知道----因為我也曾得到過我想要的東西。是我迫切想要的唯一一件東西…當我得到它以后，它便在我手中化作灰塵了。”

虛幻之夢(Disillusionment)“你會忘了的。東西丟失以后才覺更甜蜜。我知道----

The"LostGeneration"definesasenseofmorallossoraimlessnessapparentinliteraryfiguresduringthe1920s.WorldWarIseemedtohavedestroyedtheideathatifyouactedvirtuously,goodthingswouldhappen.Manygood,youngmenwenttowaranddied,orreturnedhomeeitherphysicallyormentallywounded(formost,both),andtheirfaithinthemoralguidepoststhathadearliergiventhemhope,werenolongervalid...theywere"Lost."TheLostGenerationTheLostGeneration

"Herewasanewgeneration...dedicatedmorethanthelasttothefearofpovertyandtheworshipofsuccess;grownuptofindallGodsdead,allwarsfought,allfaithsinmanshaken....”

(fromF.ScottFitzgerald,ThisSideofParadise,1920).

“一切神明統統死光，一切仗都已打完，以往關于人的一切信念完全動搖。”

既然在他們眼里沒有任何神圣的東西存在，生活里剩下的就只有對物質享受和感官刺激的追求了。"Herewasanewgeneratio

他的作品所描寫的是青年一代――他們的活動作風和愛好。他認為青年人精力充沛，生機勃勃，充滿朝氣，充滿希望，富有理想，具有無限的力量。他24歲時，寫作了一部廣受歡迎的小說《人間天堂》，29歲時出版了他最完美的著作《了不起的蓋茨比》。他對個人早期的文學成就有過一番議論：“凡年輕人都相信他運用自己的意志是因為他這顆星星正在閃耀…早期成功的補償使人深信人生是浪漫的。”人生對他來說，確實是浪漫的。他說，人生除了青春以外，再也沒有什么可奉獻的事。“普林斯頓大學畢業前夕說，“我們當中有些學生哭了，因為我們知道我們將永遠不會象在這里的日子那樣年輕了。”1935年，海明威說，“你給予青春過高的評價了。”青年的代言人青年的代言人ABriefLifeofFitzgerald1.HisPrinceton(Thedreamtobeasuccess)2.HisMarriage(Thecoupleofcelebrity)3.Hisworks(Hiseternaltheme:

successandfailure,illusionanddisillusion, dreamandnightmare,beautyandwealth)ABriefLifeofFitzgerald1.HiThe-American-Dream-in--American-Literature教學講解課件The-American-Dream-in--American-Literature教學講解課件The-American-Dream-in--American-Literature教學講解課件The-American-Dream-in--American-Literature教學講解課件TheAmericanDreaminAmericanLiteratureTheAmericanDreaminAmerica

“美國夢”最初是清教移民對自由信仰、自由創造的渴望和夢想，隨后在那片新大陸上及向西部開拓的過程中，美國夢演變為對幸福的追求，尤其是對成功的追求，包括事業、愛情、財富等。南北戰爭后，隨著工業化進程的深入和大都市的相繼出現，美國夢更是流行并具體化為對金錢的渴望和追求，它使人們相信：在美國這塊土地上，機會均等，只要努力奮斗，一個沒有鞋子穿的窮孩子完全可以成為百萬富翁并獲得幸福.TheAmericanDream:“美國夢”最初是清教移民對自由信仰、自由創造的渴望NewEngland:Plymouth(1620),Massachusetts(1630)TheSouth:

JamestowninVirginia,1617,VirginiaCompanyinLondonAcommercialventurePuritansforReligiousfreedomNewEngland:Plymouth(1620),TForthePuritans:

to“buildacityonahill”2.Forthesoutherners:

to“findthevale(valley)ofplenty”

TwoDimensionsofAmericanDreamForthePuritans:TwoDimens

TheAmericanDream:Aproductofthefrontierandthewest.Itbelievesinthegoodnessofnatureandman.Itrepresentstheromanticenlargementofthepossibilitiesoflife.Aslongasoneworkhard,hesurelycanbecomesuccessfulandfulfillhiswishes.TheAmericanDream:AprAmericanindividualism(theimportanceofsingleman,initiative&independence)

Americanindividualism(theimWriter,printer,publisher,scientist,anddiplomat,hewasthemostfamousandrespectedprivatefigureofhistime.Hewasthefirstgreatself-made

maninAmerica.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)“Firstgreatmanofletters”----DavidHumeWriter,printer,publisher,BeAutobiography

BenjaminFranklinembodiedtheEnlightenmentidealofhumanerationality.Practicalyetidealistic,hard-workingandenormouslysuccessful,FranklinrecordedhisearlylifeinhisfamousAutobiography.

AutobiographyThemostfamoussectiondescribeshisscientificschemeofself-improvement.

Franklinlists13virtues:temperance,silence,order,resolution,frugality,industry,sincerity,justice,moderation,cleanliness,tranquility,chastity,andhumility.Heelaboratesoneachwithamaxim;forexample,thetemperancemaximis"EatnottoDullness.DrinknottoElevation."Apragmaticscientist,Franklinputtheideaofperfectibilitytothetest,usinghimselfastheexperimentalsubject.ThemostfamoussectiondesIwasdirtyfrommyjourney,mypocketswerestuffedoutwithshirtsandstockings,andIknewnosoulnorwheretolookforlodging.Iwasfatiguedwithtraveling,rowing,andwantofrest;Iwasveryhungry;andmywholestockofcashconsistedofaDutchdollarandaboutashillingincopper.ThelatterIgavethepeopleoftheboatformypassage,whoatfirstrefuseditonaccountofmyrowing;butIinsistedontheirtakingit,amanbeingsometimesmoregenerouswhenhehasbutalittlemoneythanwhenhehasplenty,perhapsthro'fearofbeingthoughttohavebutlittle.IwasdirtyfrommyjouThenIwalkedupthestreet,gazingabouttillnearthemarket-houseImetaboywithbread.Ihadmademanyamealonbread,andininquiringwherehegotit,Iwentimmediatelytothebaker'shedirectedmeto,inSecondStreet,andaskedforbiscuit,intendingsuchaswehadinBoston;butthey,itseems,werenotmadeinPhiladelphia.ThenIaskedforathreepennyloaf,andwastoldtheyhadnonesuch.ThenIwalkedupthestrSo,notconsideringorknowingthedifferenceofmoney,andthegreatercheapnessnorthenamesofhisbread,Ibadehimgivemethreepennyworthofanysort.Hegaveme,accordingly,threegreatpuffyrolls.Iwassurprisedatthequantity,buttookit,andhavingnoroominmypockets,walkedoffwitharollundereacharm,andeatingtheother.So,notconsideringorknowingThusIwentupMarketStreetasfarasFourthStreet,passingbythedoorofMr.Reed,myfuturewife'sfather,whenshe,standingatthedoor,sawmeandthoughtImade,asIcertainlydid,amostawkward,ridiculousappearance.ThusIwentupMarketStrThenIturnedandwentdownChestnutStreetandpartofWalnutStreet,eatingmyrollalltheway,andcominground,foundmyselfagainatMarketStreetwharf,neartheboatIcamein,towhichIwentfor.adraughtoftheriverwater,andbeingfilledwithoneofmyrolls,gavetheothertwotoawomanandherchildthatcamedowntheriverintheboatwithus,andwerewaitingtogofarther.ThenIturnedandwentdowTheDisillusionmentofAmericanDreamSocialcorruptionDeteriorationofmoralvalues

Economicreasons:commerce(admirationforambition,alustformoney&power)TheDisillusionmentofAmericaScottFitzgerald(1896-1940)ArthurMiller(1915-2005)ScottFitzgeraldArthurMiller二十世紀二十年代最具代表性的作家，他有成功與輝煌的一面，又有苦澀和失意的一面，曾被稱為“失敗的權威”。他的生命交織著雄心和現實、成功和失敗、得意和潦倒、縱情和頹喪、愛情和痛苦、美國文明和歐洲文明的矛盾、東部和西部的沖突、夢想和幻滅……這一切都在他的小說里表現得淋漓盡致，而其中最有代表性的便是《了不起的蓋茨比》。司格特?菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)二十世紀二十年代最具代表性的作家，他有成功與輝司格特?菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)爵士時代(TheJazzAge)的代言人美國夢(AmericanDream)的實踐者“迷惘的一代”（TheLostGeneration)，青年的代言人“特別的是上帝賦予他一雙翅膀，于是他有了飛翔的欲望，然而這決定了他的毀滅。”

司格特?菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)爵士時“爵士時代的優秀編年史家”典型的爵士時代的青年，有著自己的美國夢，不同的是他在熱烈追求這些“理想”的同時，能用冷靜的眼光，客觀的態度去分析這一切，并加以諷刺。bestknownforhisnovelsandshortstorieswhichchronicletheexcessesofAmerica'sJazzAgeduringthe1920s.“爵士時代的優秀編年史家”典型的爵士時代的青年，有著best

菲茨杰拉德雖以他敏銳的觀察和巧慧的心靈反映了美國的“爵士時代”，但作為一個時代的歌手，他吟唱的不是一首熱情洋溢的頌歌，而是一曲悲切的哀歌，一曲“美國夢”（TheAmericanDream）遭遇破滅的哀歌。他自己早就說過：“進入我頭腦的故事都包含著某種災禍，在我的長篇小說里，可愛的青年走向毀滅。”美國夢(AmericanDream)的實踐者菲茨杰拉德雖以他敏銳的觀察和巧慧的心靈反映了美國的“

“你會忘了的。東西丟失以后才覺更甜蜜。我知道----因為我也曾得到過我想要的東西。是我迫切想要的唯一一件東西…當我得到它以后，它便在我手中化作灰塵了。”

虛幻之夢(Disillusionment)“你會忘了的。東西丟失以后才覺更甜蜜。我知道----

The"LostGeneration"definesasenseofmorallossoraimlessnessapparentinliteraryfiguresduringthe1920s.WorldWarIseemedtohavedestroyedtheideathatifyouactedvirtuously,goodthingswouldhappen.Manygood,youngm