AMiserable,Merry

ChristmasAMiserable,MerryChristmasCulturalbackground:圣誕節(Christmas):12月25日是基督教徒紀念耶穌基督誕生的日子,稱為圣誕節.英文Christmas由Christ(基督)和Mass(彌撒)兩字組成,意思是圣誕節這一天教徒們到教堂去,舉行崇拜儀式以慶祝耶穌基督的誕生.Culturalbackground:圣誕節(ChristCulturalbackground:圣誕樹(ChristmasTree)圣誕老人(SantaClaus,FatherChristmas)圣誕禮物(ChristmasGift)Culturalbackground:圣誕樹(ChristChristmassongs:

SilentNight《平安夜》Hark!TheHeraldAngelsSing

《聽，天使報佳音》

JingleBells

《鈴鐺兒響叮當》Christmassongs:SilentNightChristmasDay:Haveyoueverexperiencedanythingthatfirstmadeyoumiserableandthenveryhappy?Ifyouhave,tellittotheclass.ChristmasDay:HaveyoueverexTheorganizationofthetext:Part1(Line1-34)Theauthorwasveryunpleasantnottoreceivethedreaminggift.Part2(Line35-59)Throughaserialofthings,theauthorfinallygothisdreaminggift---apony,howhappyhewas!Part3(Line60-65)TheauthorthoughtitwasaChristmaswithbothhappinessandsadness.Theorganizationofthetext:PA

Miserable,MerryChristmas

LincolnSteffensChristmaswascoming.Iwantedapony.Tomakesure

thatmyparentsunderstood,IdeclaredthatIwantednotingelse.

"Nothingbut

apony?"myfatherasked.

"Nothing,"Isaid.

"Notevenapairofhighboots?"

Thatwashard.Ididwantboots,butIstuckto

thepony."No,notevenboots."AMiserable,MerryChristmas

L"Norcandy?Thereoughttobesomethingtofillyourstockingwith,andSantaClauscan'tputaponyintoastocking,"

Thatwastrue,andhecouldn'tleadaponydownthechimneyeither.Butno."AllIwantisapony,"Isaid."IfIcan'thaveapony,givemenothing,nothing."

OnChristmasEveIhungup

mystockingalongwithmysisters."Norcandy?ThereoughtThenextmorningmysistersandIwokeupatsix.Thenweraceddownstairstothefireplace.Andtheretheywere,thegifts,allsortsofwonderfulthings,mixed-uppilesofpresents.Onlymystockingwasempty;ithunglimp;notathinginit;andunderandaroundit--nothing.Mysistershadkneltdown,eachbyherpileofgifts;theywerecryingwithdelight,tilltheylookedupandsawmestandingtherelookingsomiserable.Theycameovertomeandfeltmystocking:nothing.

ThenextmorningmysIdon'trememberwhetherIcriedatthatmoment,butmysistersdid.Theyranwithmebacktomybed,andthereweallcriedtillIbecameindignant.Thathelpedsome.Igotup,dressed,anddrivingmysistersaway,Iwentoutaloneintothestable,andthere,allbymyself,Iwept.Mymothercameouttomeandshetriedtocomfortme.ButIwantednocomfort.Sheleftmeandwentonintothehousewithsharpwordsformyfather.

Idon'trememberwhMysisterscametome,andIwasrude.Iranawayfromthem.Iwentaroundtothefrontofthehouse,satdownonthesteps,and,thecryingover,Iached.Iwaswronged,Iwashurt.Andmyfathermusthavebeenhurt,too,alittle.Isawhimlookingoutofthewindow.Hewaswatchingmeorsomethingforanhourortwo,drawingbackthecurtainsolittlelestIcatchhim,butIsawhisface,andIthinkIcanseenowtheanxietyupononit,theworriedimpatience.TranslatethissentenceMysisterscametomuAfteranhourortwo,Icaughtsightof

amanridingaponydownthestreet,aponyanda

brand-new

saddle;themostbeautifulsaddleIeversaw,anditwasaboy'ssaddle.Andthepony!Ashedrewnear,Isawthattheponywasreallyasmallhorse,withablackmaneandtail,andonewhitefootandawhitestaronhisforehead.ForsuchahorseasthatIwouldhavegivenanything.

TranslatethissentenceuAfteranhourortsButthemancamealong,readingthenumbersonthehouses,and,asmyhopes--myimpossiblehopes--rose,helookedatourdoorandpassedby,heandthepony,andthesaddle.Toomuch,Ifelluponthestepsandbrokeinto

tears.SuddenlyIheardavoice.

"Say,kid,"itsaid,"doyouknowaboynamedLennieSteffens?"

Hereisanexclamationusedtodrawattentionoropenaconversation.sButthemancamealeIlookedup.Itwasthemanonthepony,backagain.

"Yes,"Isplutteredthroughmytears."That'sme."

"Well,"hesaid,"thenthisisyourhorse.I'vebeenlookingalloverforyouandyourhouse.Whydon'tyouputyournumberwhereitcanbeseen?"

"Getdown,"Isaid,runningouttohim.Iwantedtoride.

Hewentonsayingsomethingabout"oughttohavegothereatseveno'clock,but--"

eIlookedup.ItwastIhardlyheard,Icouldscarcely

wait.Iwassohappy,sothrilled.Irodeoffupthestreet.Suchabeautifulpony.Andmine!AfterawhileIturnedandtrottedbacktothestable.Therewasthefamily,father,mother,sisters,allworkingforme,allhappy.Theyhadbeenputtinginplacethetoolsofmynewbusiness:currycomb,brush,pitchfork--everything,andtherewashayintheloft.

Ihardlyheard,IcoulButthatChristmas,whichmyfatherhadplannedsocarefully,wasitthebestortheworstIeverknew?Heoftenaskedmethat;Inevercouldanswerasaboy.Ithinknowthatitwasboth.Itcoveredthewholedistancefrombroken-heartedmiserytoburstinghappiness--toofast.Agrown-upcouldhardlyhavestoodit.ButthatChristmasAmiserable,merryChristmasMiserableMerryDemand:wantedaponyasaChristmasgiftEmotion:hurt,wronged,achedandcriedDisappointment:nogiftsinhisstockingatallEmotion:happy,thrilledHappysurprise:amanridingaponycomingBroken-heartedmiseryBurstinghappinessAmiserable,merryChristmasMimiserableadj.causingunhappiness;veryunhappy同義詞:unhappy,wretched反義詞:comfortable擴展:n.miseryadv.miserablymiserableadj.causingunhappinmerryadj.happy,cheerful;brightandgay同義詞:happy,cheerful擴展:n.merrimentadv.Merrilymerry-go-round旋轉木馬merryadj.happy,cheerful;briMixed-upadj.(differentthings)puttogether類似的復合詞:grown-up成熟的,成人的

turned-on趕時髦的

broken-down壞的,損壞的Mixed-upadj.(differentthingslimpadj.soft;notstifforfirmVi.跛行同義詞:lame,cripple擴展:adv.Limply柔軟地,無生氣地

adv.Limpingly一瘸一拐地

n.limpnesslimpadj.soft;notstifforfiKneel(knelt)V.godownorremainontheknee(s)同義詞:getdownontheknees形近詞:kneen.膝蓋習慣用法:kneeldown(on),跪下(在)eg:shewentintothechurch,kneltdownandbegantopray.Kneel(knelt)V.godownorremindignantadj.angryatsth.Unfair同義詞:angry,furious慣用法:beindignantat/about/oversth.對某事感到憤慨beindignantwithsb.

對某人感到憤概

indignantadj.angryatsth.UnweepV.cry慣用法:weepfor/over…為…流淚,為…哀傷

eg:Sheisalwaysweepingoverherlostyouth.weepV.cryrudeadj.notatallpolite同義詞:impolite,ill-mannered擴展:adv.rudelyn.rudenessrudeadj.notatallpolitewrongVt.treatunjustly委屈慣用搭配:1.Inthewrong:錯,理虧

eg:whichofthetwodriverswasinthewrong?2.sth.Iswrongwith…出毛病(故障)eg:what’swrongwithyourwatch?wrongVt.treatunjustly委屈lestconj.Forfearthat同義詞:incase例句:IwrotedownthedateofherbirthdaylestI(should)forgetit.

lest引導狀語從句用虛擬語氣(should)+動詞原形

lestconj.Forfearthatanxietyn.fearcausedbyuncertaintyaboutsth.擴展:adj.anxiousn.anxiousness習慣用法:anxietytodosth.急于想做某事的愿望

eg:Nell’sanxietytosucceedledhertoworkhard.anxietyn.fearcausedbyuncerimpatiencen.inabilitytowaitcalmly擴展:impatientpatientimpatiencepatience習慣用法:1.be

impatientforsth./todosth急不可耐地做

eg:I’mimpatienttoseeournewboss.2.be

impatientof

不能忍受的

eg:Motherwasimpatientofbadmanners.impatiencen.inabilitytowaitbrandn.商標,牌子擴展:brandyn.白蘭地酒

brand-newadj.嶄新的,全新的brandn.商標,牌子splutterv.speakquicklyandconfusedly(fromexcitement,etc.)語無倫次地說

eg:shetooktoobigagulpofwhiskyandstartedtocoughandsplutter.

她喝了一大口威士忌,開始咳嗽和語無倫次起來.splutterv.speakquicklyandcscarcelyad.hardly,almostnot固定句型:scarcely…when/before剛…就習慣用法:否定詞位于居首,句子倒裝.Eg:Scarcelyhadtheteacherfinishedspeakingwhenthedooropened.scarcelyad.hardly,almostnotthrillvt.Excitegreatly使非常激動擴展:thriller:n.使人毛骨悚然的人(物),恐怖小說

thrilling:adj.顫栗的eg:wethrilledtohistalesofSouthadventure.

thrillvt.Excitegreatly使非常激trotvi.runorrideslowly,withshortsteps習慣用法:trotout:使(馬)跑步給人看;炫耀

trotoutone’sknowledge:炫耀知識trotvi.runorrideslowly,wimiseryn.thestateofbeingveryunhappy,poor,ill,lonely,etc.同義詞:suffering擴展:miserableadj.Miserylovescompany.同病相憐.miseryn.thestateofbeingveMakesureactassotomakesomethingcertain查明,弄清楚eg1:Fathermakessurethatallthelightsareoffbeforehegoestobed.eg2:Arriveearlyatthecinematomakesureofgettingaseat.MakesureactassotomakesomNothingbutNothingotherthan;only

除了…以外沒有什么;僅僅,只不過Eg1:Sheisconcernedaboutnothingbutmoney.Eg2:Icoulddonothingbutstandtherewaiting.NothingbutNothingotherthan;Sticktorefusetogiveuporchange

堅持,不放棄eg1:Thedecidedtosticktotheirpreviousplan.eg2:Ifyousticktothetruth,you’venothingtofear.SticktorefusetogiveuporcHangupfix(sth.)atahighplacesothatitdoesnottouchtheground掛起Eg1:Therearesomehangersintheclosetonwhichtohangupyourclothes.Eg2:Let’shangupamapoftheworldinourstudy.Hangupfix(sth.)atahighplOrsomething(usedwhenthespeakerisnotsure)

諸如此類Eg1:Ithinkheleftbecausehehadlosthisjoborsomething.Eg2:HernameisMaryofMargaretorsomething.Orsomething(usedwhenthespeCatchsightofseesuddenlyorforamoment

看到,發現Eg1:SuddenlyEvensturnedandcaughtsightofAndrew.Eg2:JustthenIcaughtsightofhimgettingonabus.CatchsightofseesuddenlyorDrawnearMovenear接近Eg1:Winterisdrawingnear.Eg2:Nightdrewnear.擴展:drawon到來

DrawnearMovenear接近Breakinto1.suddenlystart(tocry,laugh,etc.)

突然…起來

Eg1:Theaudiencebrokeintoapplause.2.enterbyforce;interrupt闖入;打斷

Eg2:Thethievesplannedtobreakintoabank.Eg3:Hebrokerudelyintoourtalk.Breakinto1.suddenlystart(toInplaceIntherightplace在適當的位置Eg1:Assoonasallthechairsareinplace,wecanlettheaudiencein.Eg2:Ithinkanexpressionofthankstoourhostwouldbeinplace.InplaceIntherightplace在適有兩個鐘頭,他大概一直在留神我的動靜.他只把窗簾掀開一點兒,生怕我發現他,但他還是看到了他的臉.我覺得現在我還能看到他臉上的,那種擔心憂慮而焦急的神情.有兩個鐘頭,他大概一直在留神我的動靜.他只把窗簾掀開一點兒,要是能有這樣一匹馬,我愿意付出任何代價.該句中用虛擬語氣,其介詞for相當于一條件從句,表示隱含虛擬條件的詞還有with,without等.eg:Wewouldneverhavereachedtheshorewithoutthatplank.要是能有這樣一匹馬,我愿意付出任何代價.ponyn.ashorthorseponyn.ashorthorsebootn.長統靴bootn.長統靴圣誕襪的傳說:

很久很久以前有一個心地善良的貴族，他的妻子因病去逝，拋下他和他的三個女兒。這個貴族嘗試了不少發明，都失敗了，但也因此耗盡了錢財，所以他們不得不搬到一家農舍里生活，他的女兒們也只得親自燒煮、縫紉和打掃。

一晃幾年過去，女兒們陸續到了出嫁的年齡，父親卻變得更加沮喪，因為他沒錢給女兒們買嫁妝。一天晚上，女兒們洗完衣服后將長統襪掛在壁爐前烘干。圣人Nicholas知道了她們父親的境況后，就在那天晚上，來到她們的家門前。他從窗口看到一家人都已睡著了，同時也注意到了女孩們的長統襪。隨即，他從口袋里掏出三小包黃金從煙囪上一個個投下去，剛好掉在女孩們的長統襪里。

第二天早上，女兒們醒來發現她們的長統襪里裝滿了金子，足夠供她們買嫁妝了。這個貴族也因此能親眼看到他的女兒們結婚，從此便過上了幸福快樂的生活。

后來，世界各地的孩子們都繼承了懸掛圣誕襪的傳統。有些國家的孩子則有其它類似的風俗，如在法國，孩子們將鞋子放在壁爐旁等等。圣誕襪的傳說:

很久很久以前有一個心地even.dayoreveningbeforeachurchfestivaloranydayorevent;timejustbeforeanythingNewYear’sEveChristmasEveEve:大寫時作為人名,夏娃

(《圣經》中的人物)even.dayoreveningbeforeaAMiserable,Merry

ChristmasAMiserable,MerryChristmasCulturalbackground:圣誕節(Christmas):12月25日是基督教徒紀念耶穌基督誕生的日子,稱為圣誕節.英文Christmas由Christ(基督)和Mass(彌撒)兩字組成,意思是圣誕節這一天教徒們到教堂去,舉行崇拜儀式以慶祝耶穌基督的誕生.Culturalbackground:圣誕節(ChristCulturalbackground:圣誕樹(ChristmasTree)圣誕老人(SantaClaus,FatherChristmas)圣誕禮物(ChristmasGift)Culturalbackground:圣誕樹(ChristChristmassongs:

SilentNight《平安夜》Hark!TheHeraldAngelsSing

《聽，天使報佳音》

JingleBells

《鈴鐺兒響叮當》Christmassongs:SilentNightChristmasDay:Haveyoueverexperiencedanythingthatfirstmadeyoumiserableandthenveryhappy?Ifyouhave,tellittotheclass.ChristmasDay:HaveyoueverexTheorganizationofthetext:Part1(Line1-34)Theauthorwasveryunpleasantnottoreceivethedreaminggift.Part2(Line35-59)Throughaserialofthings,theauthorfinallygothisdreaminggift---apony,howhappyhewas!Part3(Line60-65)TheauthorthoughtitwasaChristmaswithbothhappinessandsadness.Theorganizationofthetext:PA

Miserable,MerryChristmas

LincolnSteffensChristmaswascoming.Iwantedapony.Tomakesure

thatmyparentsunderstood,IdeclaredthatIwantednotingelse.

"Nothingbut

apony?"myfatherasked.

"Nothing,"Isaid.

"Notevenapairofhighboots?"

Thatwashard.Ididwantboots,butIstuckto

thepony."No,notevenboots."AMiserable,MerryChristmas

L"Norcandy?Thereoughttobesomethingtofillyourstockingwith,andSantaClauscan'tputaponyintoastocking,"

Thatwastrue,andhecouldn'tleadaponydownthechimneyeither.Butno."AllIwantisapony,"Isaid."IfIcan'thaveapony,givemenothing,nothing."

OnChristmasEveIhungup

mystockingalongwithmysisters."Norcandy?ThereoughtThenextmorningmysistersandIwokeupatsix.Thenweraceddownstairstothefireplace.Andtheretheywere,thegifts,allsortsofwonderfulthings,mixed-uppilesofpresents.Onlymystockingwasempty;ithunglimp;notathinginit;andunderandaroundit--nothing.Mysistershadkneltdown,eachbyherpileofgifts;theywerecryingwithdelight,tilltheylookedupandsawmestandingtherelookingsomiserable.Theycameovertomeandfeltmystocking:nothing.

ThenextmorningmysIdon'trememberwhetherIcriedatthatmoment,butmysistersdid.Theyranwithmebacktomybed,andthereweallcriedtillIbecameindignant.Thathelpedsome.Igotup,dressed,anddrivingmysistersaway,Iwentoutaloneintothestable,andthere,allbymyself,Iwept.Mymothercameouttomeandshetriedtocomfortme.ButIwantednocomfort.Sheleftmeandwentonintothehousewithsharpwordsformyfather.

Idon'trememberwhMysisterscametome,andIwasrude.Iranawayfromthem.Iwentaroundtothefrontofthehouse,satdownonthesteps,and,thecryingover,Iached.Iwaswronged,Iwashurt.Andmyfathermusthavebeenhurt,too,alittle.Isawhimlookingoutofthewindow.Hewaswatchingmeorsomethingforanhourortwo,drawingbackthecurtainsolittlelestIcatchhim,butIsawhisface,andIthinkIcanseenowtheanxietyupononit,theworriedimpatience.TranslatethissentenceMysisterscametomuAfteranhourortwo,Icaughtsightof

amanridingaponydownthestreet,aponyanda

brand-new

saddle;themostbeautifulsaddleIeversaw,anditwasaboy'ssaddle.Andthepony!Ashedrewnear,Isawthattheponywasreallyasmallhorse,withablackmaneandtail,andonewhitefootandawhitestaronhisforehead.ForsuchahorseasthatIwouldhavegivenanything.

TranslatethissentenceuAfteranhourortsButthemancamealong,readingthenumbersonthehouses,and,asmyhopes--myimpossiblehopes--rose,helookedatourdoorandpassedby,heandthepony,andthesaddle.Toomuch,Ifelluponthestepsandbrokeinto

tears.SuddenlyIheardavoice.

"Say,kid,"itsaid,"doyouknowaboynamedLennieSteffens?"

Hereisanexclamationusedtodrawattentionoropenaconversation.sButthemancamealeIlookedup.Itwasthemanonthepony,backagain.

"Yes,"Isplutteredthroughmytears."That'sme."

"Well,"hesaid,"thenthisisyourhorse.I'vebeenlookingalloverforyouandyourhouse.Whydon'tyouputyournumberwhereitcanbeseen?"

"Getdown,"Isaid,runningouttohim.Iwantedtoride.

Hewentonsayingsomethingabout"oughttohavegothereatseveno'clock,but--"

eIlookedup.ItwastIhardlyheard,Icouldscarcely

wait.Iwassohappy,sothrilled.Irodeoffupthestreet.Suchabeautifulpony.Andmine!AfterawhileIturnedandtrottedbacktothestable.Therewasthefamily,father,mother,sisters,allworkingforme,allhappy.Theyhadbeenputtinginplacethetoolsofmynewbusiness:currycomb,brush,pitchfork--everything,andtherewashayintheloft.

Ihardlyheard,IcoulButthatChristmas,whichmyfatherhadplannedsocarefully,wasitthebestortheworstIeverknew?Heoftenaskedmethat;Inevercouldanswerasaboy.Ithinknowthatitwasboth.Itcoveredthewholedistancefrombroken-heartedmiserytoburstinghappiness--toofast.Agrown-upcouldhardlyhavestoodit.ButthatChristmasAmiserable,merryChristmasMiserableMerryDemand:wantedaponyasaChristmasgiftEmotion:hurt,wronged,achedandcriedDisappointment:nogiftsinhisstockingatallEmotion:happy,thrilledHappysurprise:amanridingaponycomingBroken-heartedmiseryBurstinghappinessAmiserable,merryChristmasMimiserableadj.causingunhappiness;veryunhappy同義詞:unhappy,wretched反義詞:comfortable擴展:n.miseryadv.miserablymiserableadj.causingunhappinmerryadj.happy,cheerful;brightandgay同義詞:happy,cheerful擴展:n.merrimentadv.Merrilymerry-go-round旋轉木馬merryadj.happy,cheerful;briMixed-upadj.(differentthings)puttogether類似的復合詞:grown-up成熟的,成人的

turned-on趕時髦的

broken-down壞的,損壞的Mixed-upadj.(differentthingslimpadj.soft;notstifforfirmVi.跛行同義詞:lame,cripple擴展:adv.Limply柔軟地,無生氣地

adv.Limpingly一瘸一拐地

n.limpnesslimpadj.soft;notstifforfiKneel(knelt)V.godownorremainontheknee(s)同義詞:getdownontheknees形近詞:kneen.膝蓋習慣用法:kneeldown(on),跪下(在)eg:shewentintothechurch,kneltdownandbegantopray.Kneel(knelt)V.godownorremindignantadj.angryatsth.Unfair同義詞:angry,furious慣用法:beindignantat/about/oversth.對某事感到憤慨beindignantwithsb.

對某人感到憤概

indignantadj.angryatsth.UnweepV.cry慣用法:weepfor/over…為…流淚,為…哀傷

eg:Sheisalwaysweepingoverherlostyouth.weepV.cryrudeadj.notatallpolite同義詞:impolite,ill-mannered擴展:adv.rudelyn.rudenessrudeadj.notatallpolitewrongVt.treatunjustly委屈慣用搭配:1.Inthewrong:錯,理虧

eg:whichofthetwodriverswasinthewrong?2.sth.Iswrongwith…出毛病(故障)eg:what’swrongwithyourwatch?wrongVt.treatunjustly委屈lestconj.Forfearthat同義詞:incase例句:IwrotedownthedateofherbirthdaylestI(should)forgetit.

lest引導狀語從句用虛擬語氣(should)+動詞原形

lestconj.Forfearthatanxietyn.fearcausedbyuncertaintyaboutsth.擴展:adj.anxiousn.anxiousness習慣用法:anxietytodosth.急于想做某事的愿望

eg:Nell’sanxietytosucceedledhertoworkhard.anxietyn.fearcausedbyuncerimpatiencen.inabilitytowaitcalmly擴展:impatientpatientimpatiencepatience習慣用法:1.be

impatientforsth./todosth急不可耐地做

eg:I’mimpatienttoseeournewboss.2.be

impatientof

不能忍受的

eg:Motherwasimpatientofbadmanners.impatiencen.inabilitytowaitbrandn.商標,牌子擴展:brandyn.白蘭地酒

brand-newadj.嶄新的,全新的brandn.商標,牌子splutterv.speakquicklyandconfusedly(fromexcitement,etc.)語無倫次地說

eg:shetooktoobigagulpofwhiskyandstartedtocoughandsplutter.

她喝了一大口威士忌,開始咳嗽和語無倫次起來.splutterv.speakquicklyandcscarcelyad.hardly,almostnot固定句型:scarcely…when/before剛…就習慣用法:否定詞位于居首,句子倒裝.Eg:Scarcelyhadtheteacherfinishedspeakingwhenthedooropened.scarcelyad.hardly,almostnotthrillvt.Excitegreatly使非常激動擴展:thriller:n.使人毛骨悚然的人(物),恐怖小說

thrilling:adj.顫栗的eg:wethrilledtohistalesofSouthadventure.

thrillvt.Excitegreatly使非常激trotvi.runorrideslowly,withshortsteps習慣用法:trotout:使(馬)跑步給人看;炫耀

trotoutone’sknowledge:炫耀知識trotvi.runorrideslowly,wimiseryn.thestateofbeingveryunhappy,poor,ill,lonely,etc.同義詞:suffering擴展:miserableadj.Miserylovescompany.同病相憐.miseryn.thestateofbeingveMakesureactassotomakesomethingcertain查明,弄清楚eg1:Fathermakessurethatallthelightsareoffbeforehegoestobed.eg2:Arriveearlyatthecinematomakesureofgettingaseat.MakesureactassotomakesomNothingbutNothingotherthan;only

除了…以外沒有什么;僅僅,只不過Eg1:Sheisconcernedaboutnothingbutmoney.Eg2:Icoulddonothingbutstandtherewaiting.NothingbutNothingotherthan;Sticktorefusetogiveuporchange

堅持,不放棄e