201

0

考研

英語(yǔ)二

翻譯

真題、

參照

答案和

本源

解析"Sustainability"hasbecome??apopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconcept

will

alwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.此刻，“可連續(xù)性”已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)流行的詞語(yǔ)

.但是，對(duì)特德寧來(lái)說(shuō)，它對(duì)這個(gè)詞有著自己的領(lǐng)悟

.在忍受了一段悲傷的、難以為繼的生活此后，他清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到，以可連續(xù)發(fā)展為導(dǎo)向的生活價(jià)值必定經(jīng)過(guò)平常的活動(dòng)和做出的選擇表現(xiàn)出來(lái).Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthroughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.寧回憶了在上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代末期的某一年，他賣(mài)保險(xiǎn)，那是一種稀里糊涂的生活.在經(jīng)歷了網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)的興旺和衰敗此后，他特別期望獲得一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司簽了合約.Itdidn'tgowell."Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat'snotmypassion,"saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales."Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,”Justwait,you'llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.''事情進(jìn)展不順，“那的確是很糟糕的一種選擇，由于那其實(shí)不是是我的激情所在，”寧如是說(shuō).可以想象，他這種工作上的窘境是由于銷(xiāo)售業(yè)績(jī)不良造成的.“我感覺(jué)很沉痛.我太擔(dān)憂了，致使于我會(huì)在子夜醒來(lái)，盯著天花板.沒(méi)有錢(qián)，我需要這份工作.每個(gè)人都會(huì)說(shuō)，等吧，總會(huì)有轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)的，給點(diǎn)時(shí)間吧.”原文：原文是來(lái)自一份雜志，叫“experiencelife”，出題人做了部分改動(dòng)，原文和改動(dòng)的文章以下：Sustainabilityhasbecomesomethingofabuzzword(出題人把這個(gè)單詞改為popularword)thesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.Ning,directorofLOHAS(LifestylesofHealthandSustainability),theBoulder,Colo.–basedinformationclearinghouseonsustainableliving,recallsspendingatumultuous（出題人把這個(gè)詞改為了confusing）yearinthelate’90ssellinginsurance.He’dbeenthroughthedot-comboomandbust（出題人憂如把這個(gè)詞改為burst了）and,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidn’tgowell.“Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whoseambivalenceaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldpullalongsideofthehighwayandvomit,orwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,‘Justwait,you’llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.’”Ningstuckitoutforayearbecausehesimplydidn’tknowwhatelsetodo,butfelthishappinessandhealthsufferasaresult.HeeventuallyquitandstumbleduponLOHASinahelp-wantedadforadataanalyst.“Ididn’tknowwhatLOHASwas,”hesays,“butitsoundedkindaneat.”Itturnedouttobeabetterfitthanhecouldhaveeverimagined.Atthetime,theLOHASorganizationdidlittlemorethanhostasmallannualconferenceinBoulder.Itwasaforumwhereprogressive-mindedcompaniescouldgathertocomparenotesonhowtoreachavalues-drivensegmentofconsumers—theLOHASmarket—whoseemedattractedtoproductsandservicesthatmirroredtheirinterestinhealth,environmentalstewardship,socialjustice,personaldevelopmentandsustainableliving.Incontrastwithhisdisastrousforayintotheinsurancebusiness,Ning’snewjobfeltlikecominghome.GrowingupinthefoothillsoftheRockiesoutsideofDenver,he’ddevelopedaloveoftheoutdoorsandarespectfortheearth,whilehisparentsprovidedamodelofsocialactivism—thefamilytraveledwidely,andatonepointhisparentscreatedandoperatedanonprofitthatofferedmicrocreditloanstosmallbusinessesinVietnamandGuatemala.HehasthreeadoptedsistersfromVietnamandKorea.HestudiedinternationalrelationsandChineseatColoradoUniversityandslippedeasilyintotheBoulderlifestyle—commutingbybike,eatingorganics,buyinglocalandtherest—thoughhestoppedshortofthepatchouli-and-dreadlocksphaseembracedbymanyofhispeers.(Heoptedinsteadfortheuniversity’sskiteamand,aftergraduating,woundupcoachingtheJapanesedevelopmentteamduringtheNaganoOlympicsin1998.)Fromhisground-leveljob,Ningmovedquicklyuptheranksintheorganization,becomingitsexecutivedirectorin2006.“WhenIgotthejob,LOHASwasasleepyconferenceinBoulder,”saysNing.Today,theforumisbooming,theorganizationisexpandingandthemarketisevolving.Ninghasmorethangrownintothepositionhestumbledoninthewantads.“Idon’tconsiderthisajob.Itisreallymoreofacalling.”Ning,41,coordinatestheconferenceandoverseestheorganization’sannualjournalandWebsite(),whilecompilingresearchontrendsandopportunitiesforbusinesses.Healsotravelsthecountrypromoting—andexplaining—theLOHASconceptandtheburgeoningmarketitrepresents.FirstidentifiedbysociologistPaulRayinthemid-1990sas“culturalcreatives,”theU.S.marketsegmentthatembracesLOHAStodayhasgrowntoabout41millionconsumers,orroughly19percentofAmericanadults.ButthoseLOHASconsumersarepowerfullyinfluencingtheattitudesandbehaviorsofothers(witnesstheriseofinterestinyoga,all-naturalproducts,simplicityandhybridvehicles).WhichiswhyLOHAS-relatedproductsnowgenerateanestimated$209billionannually.“Overthelasttwoyearsagreentidalwavehascomeoverus,”saysNing.Ridingthatwave,saysNing,isnotaboutjumpingonatrendbandwagon.It’sconnectingwith—andactingon—asetofshared,instrinsicvalues.“Peopleknowwhatisauthentic.Youcan’tpreachthislifestyleandnotliveit,”hesays.Heandhiswife,Jenifer,liveinasolar-poweredhome,raiseorganicvegetablesintheirbackyardanddriveacarthatgets48milestothegallon.Heevenbuyscarbonoffsetstonegatetheglobalwarmingimpactofhiscellphone.Ningemphasizesthattherearemanydifferentwaysof“l(fā)ivingLOHAS”.Ultimately,it’sreallyaboutfindingawayoflifethatmakessenseandfeelsgood—nowandforthelonghaul.“Peoplearelookinginternally,”hesays,“askingthemselves,‘Whatreallymakesmehappy?’IsitthefactthatIcangooutandbuythatgiantflat-screenTV,orisitthatIcanhaveaquieteveningwithmyfamilyjusthangingoutandplayingagameofScrabble?”ForNing,it’sano-brainer.He’lltakeScrabbleeverytime.LaineBergesonisanExperienceLifesenioreditor.2011考研英語(yǔ)二翻譯真題、參照答案和本源解析Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamegasesastheworld’sairlinesdo-rough2percentofallCO2emissions?

volumesofgreenhouse全球范圍內(nèi)，信息技術(shù)行業(yè)與航空業(yè)產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體總量相同——約占二氧化碳排放總量的

2%，這有誰(shuí)曾想到過(guò)？Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.好多平常工作對(duì)環(huán)境造成的損失大得驚人

.

每一次谷歌找尋能釋放

0.2到

0.7

克的二氧化碳，這取決于為了獲得“正確”答案你試過(guò)多少次

.為了迅速向用戶供應(yīng)找尋結(jié)果，

谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型數(shù)據(jù)中心，

安裝一臺(tái)臺(tái)富強(qiáng)的計(jì)算機(jī)

.這些計(jì)算機(jī)不但產(chǎn)生大量的二氧化碳，

還釋放大量熱能，

因此這些數(shù)據(jù)中心需要優(yōu)異的空調(diào)設(shè)備，這甚至?xí)馁M(fèi)更多的能源.However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.但是，谷歌和其他大型技術(shù)供應(yīng)商嚴(yán)實(shí)地監(jiān)控其收效，并做出改進(jìn).監(jiān)控是減排的第一步，仍有太多問(wèn)題需要解決，并且不可是由大公司來(lái)解決.原文：Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproduces

aboutthesamevolumeofgreenhousegasesastheworld'sairlinesdo-roughly2percentofallCO2emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2,dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe"right"answer.Attheupperendofthescale,twosearchescreateroughlythesameemissionsasboilingakettle.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentrespackedwithpowerfulcomputers.AswellasproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned-whichusesevenmoreenergy.

aroundtheworld,However,GoogleandotherbigtechproviderssuchasBT,IBM,MicrosoftandAmazonmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.(Googleclaimstobemoreefficientthanmost.)Recently,industryandgovernmentagenciesfromtheUS,EuropeandJapanreachedanagreement,orchestratedbytheGreenGrid,anAmericanindustryconsortium,onhowtobenchmarktheenergyefficiency

ofdatacentres.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthere'smuchmoretobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.Simplethings-suchasturningdevicesoffwhentheyarenotinuse-canhelptoreducetheimpactofourloveaffairwithallthingsdigital.ResearchfromtheNationalEnergyFoundationintheUKfoundthatnearly20percentofworkersdon'tturntheirPCsoffattheendoftheday,wasting1.5billion

kWhofelectricity

peryear-whichequatestotheannualCO2producedby200,000smallfamilycars.Technologycouldhaveahugeroletoplayinreducingenergyconsumption-just

think

ofthenumberofcarandbusjourneyssavedbysomethingassimpleasonlinebanking.Butthesectormuststillworkhardertogetitsownhouseinorder.JasonStamperisNStechnologycorrespondentandeditorofComputerBusinessReview2012考研英語(yǔ)二翻譯真題、參照答案和本源解析Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人們?nèi)魹橐泼駟?wèn)題操心，經(jīng)常是想到硅谷或發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的醫(yī)院和大學(xué)去創(chuàng)立自己最燦爛的未來(lái).英國(guó)、加拿大和澳大利亞等國(guó)給大學(xué)畢業(yè)生供應(yīng)的優(yōu)惠移民政策，就是為了吸引這部分人群.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.The“braindrain”haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaught

attheir

universities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.諸多研究表示，發(fā)展中國(guó)家受過(guò)優(yōu)異教育的人才經(jīng)常可能有移民傾向

.2004

年，曾針對(duì)印度家庭進(jìn)行過(guò)一次大型檢查，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，近

40%有移民傾向的人受過(guò)中學(xué)以上教育，而

25歲以上的印度人只有約

3.3%受過(guò)中學(xué)以上教育.“人才流失”問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)以來(lái)素來(lái)讓發(fā)展中國(guó)家的決策者很煩憂，他們擔(dān)憂這種情況會(huì)危及其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，奪去他們緊缺的技術(shù)人才，而這些人才本該在他們自己的大學(xué)任教，在他們自己的醫(yī)院工作，為他們自己的工廠研發(fā)新產(chǎn)品.原文：WHENpeopleinrichcountriesworryaboutmigration,theytendtothinkoflow-paidincomerswhocompeteforjobsasconstructionworkers,dishwashersorfarmhands.Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdecampingtoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.Bysomeestimates,two-thirdsofhighlyeducatedCapeVerdeansliveoutsidethecountry.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdscarriedoutin2004askedaboutfamilymemberswhohadmovedabroad.Itfoundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This“braindrain”haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.Manynowtakeissuewiththisview(seearticle).Severaleconomistsreckonthatthebrain-drainhypothesisfailstoaccountfortheeffectsofremittances,forthebeneficialeffectsofreturningmigrants,andforthepossibilitythatbeingabletomigratetogreenerpasturesinducespeopletogetmoreeducation.Somearguethatoncethesefactorsaretakenintoaccount,anexodusofhighlyskilledpeoplecouldturnouttobeanetbenefittothecountriestheyleave.RecentstudiesofmigrationfromcountriesasfarapartasGhana,Fiji,IndiaandRomaniahavefoundsupportforthis“braingain”idea.Themostobviouswayinwhichmigrantsrepaytheirhomelandsisthroughremittances.Workersfromdevelopingcountriesremittedatotalof$325billionin2010,accordingtotheWorldBank.InLebanon,Lesotho,Nepal,Tajikistanandafewotherplaces,remittancesaremorethan20%ofGDP.Askilledmigrantmayearnseveralmultiplesofwhathisincomewouldhavebeenhadhestayedathome.AstudyofRomanianmigrantstoAmericafoundthattheaverageemigrantearnedalmost$12,000ayearmoreinAmericathanhewouldhavedoneinhisnativeland,ahugepremiumforsomeonefromacountrywhereincomeperpersonisaround$7,500(atmarketexchangerates).Itistruethatmanyskilledmigrantshavebeeneducatedandtrainedpartlyattheexpenseoftheir(oftencash-strapped)governments.Somearguethatpoorcountriesshouldthereforerethinkhowmuchtheyspendonhighereducation.Indians,forexample,oftendebatewhethertheirgovernmentshouldcontinuetosubsidisetheIndianInstitutesofTechnology(IITs),itseliteengineeringschools,whenlargenumbersofIITgraduatesendupinSiliconValleyoronWallStreet.ButanewstudyofremittancessenthomebyGhanaianmigrantssuggeststhatonaveragetheytransferenoughovertheirworkinglivestocovertheamountspentoneducatingthemseveraltimesover.Thestudyfindsthatonceremittancesaretakenintoaccount,thecostofeducationwouldhavetobe5.6timestheofficialfiguretomakeital