書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東藥品食品職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Heistotally（）tootherpeople’sattitudes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.careless

C.indifferent

D.cold

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concerned“有關(guān)的；關(guān)心的”；B選項(xiàng)careless“粗心的；無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的”；C選項(xiàng)indifferent“冷淡的；不關(guān)心的”D選項(xiàng)cold“冷淡的，不熱情的”。句意：他對(duì)別人的態(tài)度漠不關(guān)心。beindifferentto是固定搭配，表示“對(duì)…漠不關(guān)心”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

AProfessorstoodbeforehisphilosophyclassandhadsomeitemsinfrontofhim.Whentheclassbegan,wordlessly,hepickedupaverylargeandemptymayonnaisejarandproceededtofillitwithgolfballs.Hethenaskedthestudentsifthejarwasfull.Theyagreedthatitwas.

SotheProfessorthenpickedupaboxofpebblesandpouredthemintothejar.Heshookthejarlightly.Thepebblesrolledintotheopenareasbetweenthegolfballs.Hethenaskedthestudentsagainifthejarwasfull.Theyagreeditwas.

TheProfessornextpickedupaboxofsandandpoureditintothejar.Ofcourse,thesandfilledupeverythingelse.Heaskedoncemoreifthejarwasfull.Thestudentsrespondedwithaunanimous"Yes".

TheProfessorthenproducedtwocansofbeerfromunderthetableandpouredtheentirecontentsintothejar,effectivelyfillingtheemptyspacebetweenthesand.Thestudentslaughed.

“Now,”saidtheProfessor,asthelaughtersubsided,“Iwantyoutorecognizethatthisjarrepresentsyourlife.”

Thegolfballsaretheimportantthings—yourfamily,yourchildren,yourhealth,yourfriends,yourfavoritepassions―thingsthatifeverythingelsewaslostandonlytheyremained,yourlifewouldstillbefull.

Thepebblesaretheotherthingsthatmatterlikeyourjob,yourhouse,yourcar.Thesandiseverythingelse—thesmallstuff."

“Ifyouputthesandintothejarfirst”,hecontinued,"thereisnoroomforthepebblesorthegolfballs.Thesamegoesforlife.Ifyouspendallyourtimeandenergyonthesmallstuff,youwillneverhaveroomforthethingsthatareimportanttoyou.Payattentiontothethingsthatarecriticaltoyourhappiness.Playwithyourchildren.Taketimetogetmedicalcheckups.Takeyourpartnerouttodinner.Playanother18.Therewillalwaysbetimetocleanthehouse,andfixthedisposal.Takecareofthegolfballsfirst,thethingsthatreallymatter.Setyourpriorities.Therestisjustsand."

Whenhehadfinished,therewasaprofoundsilence.Thenoneofthestudentsraisedherhandandwithapuzzledexpression,inquiredwhatwasthebeerrepresented.

TheProfessorsmiled."I’mgladyouasked.Itjustgoestoshowyouthatnomatterhowfullyourlifemayseem,there'salwaysroomforacoupleofbeers."

Lesson:Whenthingsinyourlifeseemalmosttoomuchtohandle,when24hoursinadayarenotenough,rememberthemayonnaisejar...andthebeer.

1.Theprofessorillustratedhispointby（）

.

2.Whentheprofessorpouredthebeerintothejar,thestudentsmostprobablywouldnot（）.

3.Theauthortendstocomparehousecleaningto（

）.

4.Theprofessoremployedthebeertosignify（）.

5.Bywritingthestory,theauthorintendstobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.analogy

B.exemplifying

C.punning

D.personification

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.finditunexpected

B.beamazedbyhim

C.appreciatehiswisdom

D.understandhisintension

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thegolfballs

B.thepebbles

C.thesand

D.thebeer

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.trickstomakelifemorebeautiful

B.relaxationnomatterhowfulllifeis

C.thingsthatareunnecessaryforlife

D.thatwecanalwaysfindleisuretime

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.philosophical

B.enlightening

C.encouraging

D.informative

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“類比”；B項(xiàng)“舉例；例示”；C項(xiàng)“雙關(guān)”；D項(xiàng)“擬人法”。短文第六段“Thegolfballsaretheimportantthings—yourfamily,yourchildren,yourhealth,yourfriends…”高爾夫球好比我們生活中重要的東西——家庭、孩子、健康、朋友…”以及第七段“Thepebblesaretheotherthingsthatmatterlikeyourjob,yourhouse,yourcar…”鵝卵石好比其他重要的東西——工作、房子、車(chē)子…作者運(yùn)用一系列類比，故選A。

2.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“覺(jué)得意外”；B項(xiàng)“感到吃驚”；C項(xiàng)“欣賞他的智慧”；D項(xiàng)“理解他的意圖”。注意題干要求“當(dāng)教授將啤酒傾倒進(jìn)蛋黃醬罐子，學(xué)生們最不可能會(huì)…”。短文第五段中教授說(shuō)“我想你們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)蛋黃醬罐代表你們的生活”可推知“學(xué)生們不可能明白教授將啤酒傾倒進(jìn)蛋黃醬罐子的意圖”；從學(xué)生們對(duì)于教授幾次將不同東西填充到罐子中的反應(yīng)可以推斷出學(xué)生們“意外、吃驚、欣賞教授的智慧”，故選D項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)“高爾夫球”指“生活中重要的東西——家庭、孩子、健康、朋友及喜好”；B項(xiàng)“鵝卵石”指代“工作、房子和汽車(chē)”；C項(xiàng)“沙子”指“生活中其他一切瑣事”；D項(xiàng)“啤酒”指代“生活中的休閑”。短文第八段第一句“如果你先用沙子將蛋黃醬罐子裝滿，那么里面就沒(méi)有放鵝卵石和高爾夫球的空間”以及第八段中“Therewillalwaysbetimetocleanthehouse,andfixthedisposal.打掃房間和處理廢物的時(shí)間總是有的”等細(xì)節(jié)可知作者將打掃房間比作沙子，故選C。

4.判斷推理題。A.項(xiàng)“讓生活變得更美好的小竅門(mén)”；B項(xiàng)“不管生活多滿也要放松”；C項(xiàng)“生活中不必要的事情”；D項(xiàng)“我們總能找到閑暇的時(shí)間”。短文倒數(shù)第二段“...nomatterhowfullyourlifemayseem,there'salwaysroomforacoupleofbeers.不管你的生活看起來(lái)多滿（即忙碌）；總會(huì)有喝杯啤酒的時(shí)間”可推斷出“教授用啤酒暗示我們總能找到閑暇的時(shí)間”，故選D。

5.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“哲學(xué)的”；B項(xiàng)“使人啟發(fā)的”；C項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)的”；D項(xiàng)“提供有用信息的;使人增進(jìn)知識(shí)的”。由最后一段“教訓(xùn)：當(dāng)生活中的事情多到似乎無(wú)法掌控時(shí)，當(dāng)一天24小時(shí)都不夠用時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住蛋黃醬罐子…和啤酒”可推斷出作者寫(xiě)這個(gè)故事是為了啟發(fā)人們，讓人們懂得把最重要的事情放在首位，而小事情總能找到時(shí)間來(lái)做，故選B。

3.填空題

（1）ofaseriesofunforeseenproblems,ProfessorBandiniandhisresearchgroupdon’thave（2）moneytofinishtheircurrentproject.Bandinihas（3）totheministryfor（4）funds.

【答案】1.Because

2.enough

3.appliedto

4.more

【解析】1.固定搭配。Becauseof因?yàn)椤?/p>

2.語(yǔ)義題。enough足夠的。

3.固定搭配。applyto申請(qǐng)

4.語(yǔ)義題。More更多的

4.單選題

Turningcultivatedlandbackintoforestsorpastureisafundamentalwaytostemsoil（

）anddesertificationinthelongrun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.erosion

B.depletion

C.violation

D.delusion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。erosion“侵蝕，腐蝕”；depletion“消耗，損耗”；violation“違反”；delusion“欺騙，迷惑”。句意：將耕地退耕為森林或者草原是阻止土壤侵蝕和荒漠化的根本方法。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thejobofastudentaccommodationofficer（）agreatmanyvisitstolandladies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerns

B.offers

C.asks

D.involves

【答案】D

【解析】句意:學(xué)生宿管的工作包含多次拜訪女房東。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。concern涉及，關(guān)系到，使擔(dān)心；offer提供，出價(jià)；ask詢問(wèn)，要求；involve包含，牽涉，使陷于。前面句意“學(xué)生宿管的工作”跟后面句意“多次拜訪女房東”是包含關(guān)系。故選D。

6.單選題

Hermanisveryadroitathandlingpeople.Heisa(an)（

）manwhoisabletoexpresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dedicate

B.articulate

C.exasperate

D.formulate

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dedicate“致力，獻(xiàn)身”；B選項(xiàng)articulate“善于表達(dá)的；口才好的”；C選項(xiàng)exasperate“激怒，惡化”；D選項(xiàng)formulate“規(guī)劃，制定”。A、C、D都為動(dòng)詞，不可填入空格部分。根據(jù)后面關(guān)鍵詞“expresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)自己的思想和愿望”，可知空格部分形容詞的意思應(yīng)該是“善表達(dá)的”，句意為：赫爾曼很善于與人打交道。他是個(gè)能言善辯的人，能把自己的想法準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出來(lái)。故正確答案選B。

7.單選題

It’sharmfultoone'shealthto（

）smokinganddrinking

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeon

B.taketo

C.takein

D.takeoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。takeon意為“承擔(dān)，接受”；taketo意為“喜歡，養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣”；takein意為“吸收，吸入”；takeoff意為“脫掉，起飛”。

句意：吸煙喝酒有害人的身體健康。

8.單選題

WhenI（）mysenses,Ifoundmyselfwrappedupinbedinmylittleroom,withGrandmabendingoverme.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wokeup

B.tookto

C.pickedup

D.cameto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。cometoone’ssense意為“清醒過(guò)來(lái)；恢復(fù)理性”。句意：當(dāng)我回過(guò)神來(lái)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正裹在小房間的床上，奶奶正俯身看著我。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

Coldcompresseseasethepainofthephysicalinjury,butonlytimecould______theeffectoftheinsult.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.decelerate

C.缺

D.perish

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕，緩和”；B選項(xiàng)decelerate“減速，降低速度”；C選項(xiàng)暫缺；D選項(xiàng)perish“使麻木；毀壞；死亡；毀滅；腐爛；枯萎”。句意：冷敷可以減輕身體受到的傷害，但只有時(shí)間才能______受侮辱的影響。影響應(yīng)用減輕，而不用減速和毀滅，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Ironically,theintellectualtoolscurrentlybeingusedbythepoliticalrighttosuchharmfuleffectoriginatedontheacademicleft.Inthe1960sand1970saphilosophicalmovementcalledpostmodernismdevelopedamonghumanitiesprofessors（1）beingdeposedbyscience,whichtheyregardedasright-leaning.Postmodernism（2）ideasfromculturalanthropologyandrelativitytheorytoarguethattruthis（3）andsubjecttotheassumptionsandprejudicesoftheobserver.Scienceisjustoneofmanywaysofknowing,theyargued,neithermorenorless（4）thanothers,likethoseofAborigines,NativeAmericansorwomen.（5），theydefinedscienceasthewayofknowingamongWesternwhitemenandatoolofcultural（6）.Thisargument（7）withmanyfeministsandcivil-rightsactivistsandbecamewidelyadopted,leadingtothe“politicalcorrectness”justifiably（8）byRushLimbaughandthe“mentalmasturbation”lampoonedbyWoodyAllen.

Acceptanceofthisrelativisticworldview（9）democracyandleadsnottotolerancebuttoauthoritarianism.JohnLocke,oneofJefferson’s“trinityofthreegreatestmen,”showed（10）almostthreecenturiesago.LockewatchedthearguingfactionsofProtestantism,eachclaimingtobetheonetruereligion,andasked:Howdoweknowsomethingtobetrue?Whatisthebasisofknowledge?In1689he（11）whatknowledgeisandhowitisgroundedinobservationsofthephysicalworldinAnEssayConcerningHumanUnderstanding.Anyclaimthatfailsthistestis“butfaith,oropinion,butnotknowledge.”Itwasthisidea—thattheworldisknowableandthatobjective,empiricalknowledgeisthemost（12）basisforpublicpolicythatstoodasJefferson’sfoundationalargumentfordemocracy.

Byfalsely（13）knowledgewithopinion,postmodernistsandantiscienceconservativesalikecollapseourthinkingbacktoapre-Enlightenmentera,leavingnocommonbasisforpublicpolicy.Publicdiscourseis（14）toendlesswaningopinions,noneseenasmorevalidthananother.Policyisdeterminedbytheloudestvoices,reducingustoaworldinwhichmight（15）right—thedefinitionofauthoritarianism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwith

B.angrywith

C.displeasedat

D.proudof

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.discounted

B.doubted

C.adopted

D.shared

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.subjective

C.cultural

D.relative

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.variable

B.valid

C.valuable

D.various

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Otherwise

D.Furthermore

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.assimilation

B.inhibition

C.representation

D.oppression

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.resonated

B.agreed

C.appealed

D.responded

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.liked

B.approved

C.verified

D.hated

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.offsets

B.produces

C.undermines

D.strengthens

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.what

C.why

D.which

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.found

B.defined

C.dictated

D.claimed

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.practical

B.equal

C.useful

D.equitable

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.identifying

B.equipping

C.equating

D.confusing

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.deduced

B.introduced

C.conduced

D.reduced

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.decides

B.causes

C.makes

D.creates

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:C

【解析】（1）考查形容詞辨析。Satisfiedwith“對(duì)……感到滿意”；angrywith“生某人的氣”；displeasedat“使……不快”；proudof“為……而感到驕傲”。句意：在20世紀(jì)60年代和70年代，一場(chǎng)名為后現(xiàn)代主義的哲學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)在人文學(xué)科教授中興起，這些教授被他們認(rèn)為是右傾的科學(xué)驅(qū)之門(mén)外，他們感到非常不滿。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。discount“打折扣；低估；忽視”；doubt“懷疑”；adopt“采?。贿^(guò)繼”；share“共享，分擔(dān)”。Postmodernism后現(xiàn)代主義與ideas想法之間缺少的動(dòng)詞選擇“采納、采取”更合適。句意：后現(xiàn)代主義采納了來(lái)自文化人類學(xué)和相對(duì)論的思想……因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（3）考查形容詞辨析。objective“客觀的”；subjective“主觀的”；cultural“文化的”；relative“相對(duì)的”。空格處后面的并列連詞and用來(lái)連接truth的兩個(gè)屬性：其中一個(gè)是subjectto受制于，為符合語(yǔ)義應(yīng)選填relative。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（4）考查形容詞辨析。variable“易變的，多變的”；valid“有效的，合法的”；valuable“有價(jià)值的”；various“各種各樣的”。句意：他們認(rèn)為，科學(xué)只是眾多認(rèn)知方式中的一種，并不比其他方式多或少……。按照上下文，只有valid“有效的”符合，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（5）考查邏輯關(guān)系。however“然而”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；therefore“因此”表因果關(guān)系；otherwise“否則”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；furthermore“此外”表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。前文說(shuō)科學(xué)只是眾多認(rèn)知方式的一種，后文提到對(duì)科學(xué)的定義，由此可知前后文為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（6）考查名詞辨析。assimilation“同化”；inhibition“抑制”；representation“代表”；oppression“鎮(zhèn)壓”。前文中提到他們將科學(xué)定義為“白種人的認(rèn)知方式”，可知這是一種“文化壓迫“的工具。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（7）考查固定搭配。由后文中“廣泛采用”可知，這一觀點(diǎn)受到許多女權(quán)主義者與民權(quán)活動(dòng)家的認(rèn)同。agree應(yīng)與by搭配才表示“受到某人認(rèn)同”；而resonated與with搭配可以表示“得到回應(yīng)，引申為“被認(rèn)同”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（8）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。like“喜歡，愛(ài)好”；approve“批準(zhǔn)；贊成”；verify“核實(shí)，查證”；hate“憎恨，反感”。后文中的并列成分表示“這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)受到WoodyAllen的諷刺”，可知空格處動(dòng)詞也表示否定的含義，選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（9）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。offset“抵消；補(bǔ)償”；produce“生產(chǎn)；引起”；undermine“破壞”；strengthen“加強(qiáng)，鞏固”。由后文中的authoritarianism獨(dú)裁主義，可知會(huì)破壞民主，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意

（10）考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。句意：接受這種相對(duì)主義的世界觀會(huì)破壞民主，導(dǎo)致獨(dú)裁主義。大約三世紀(jì)前，JohnLock展示了出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因。選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（11）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Find“查找，找到”；define“定義；規(guī)定”；dictate“命令；口述”；claim“要求；聲稱”?？崭窈體hatknowledgeisandhowitis…表明是在下定義，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）考查形容詞辨析。practical“實(shí)際的，實(shí)用性的”；equal“平等的”；useful“有用的”；equitable“公平的”。句意：正是這種思想——世界是可知的，客觀的，以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為依據(jù)的只是是公共政策最……基礎(chǔ)。前文強(qiáng)調(diào)民主，由此可推出：這一觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為經(jīng)驗(yàn)為依據(jù)的只是是制定公共政策最公正的基礎(chǔ)。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（13）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。identify“確定；識(shí)別；equip“裝備，配備”；equate“視為平等”；confuse“使混亂”。句意：錯(cuò)誤地將知識(shí)……觀點(diǎn)。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（14）考查形近動(dòng)詞辨析。deduce“推論；introduce“介紹；引進(jìn)”；conduce“導(dǎo)致；有益”；reduce“減少；把……分解”。句意：公眾話語(yǔ)權(quán)……無(wú)止境的敵對(duì)觀點(diǎn)，沒(méi)有哪一觀點(diǎn)比其他觀點(diǎn)更為有效。這句話表達(dá)出的是否定的意思。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（15）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。decide“決定”；cause“引起”；make“使得；成為……的原因”；create“創(chuàng)造”。破折號(hào)后表示“權(quán)勢(shì)即代表正確的定義”。makeright“使正確”因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

DonHambrick,amanagementprofessoratPennState'sSmealCollegeofBusiness,says"It'sbecomemuchmore_______andalotlessfuntobeanexecutiveordirector."

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sinking

B.indifferent

C.taxing

D.slouching

【答案】C

【解析】sinking沉沒(méi);indifferent無(wú)關(guān)緊要的;taxing繁重的,費(fèi)力的;slouching沒(méi)精打采的,懶散的。句意：賓夕法尼亞州Smeal大學(xué)商學(xué)院管理學(xué)教授DonHambrick表示:“做一名主管或總監(jiān)更費(fèi)力，也少了許多樂(lè)趣?！边x項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.填空題

Directions:Inthissectionthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).

HighereducationtakesahardlookatthePhDandfindsmuchthatneedschanging.

StudentsenteringdoctoralprogramsinalldisciplinesintheU.S.oftenexpectthey’llonedaydevotethemselvestoresearchatamajorinstitution,justastheirownprofessorsdo.It’stowardthisendthatmostdoctoralprogramsgeartheirtraining.

That’swhyitcancomeasashockwhenstudentslearnthathalfofPhDsinthesciencesandengineeringworkoutsidetheacademicworld.Manyofthosewhostayworkatsmaller,teaching-intensiveuniversities,notatthemajorresearchinstitutionsthattrainthem.

Asagrowingnumberofstudentsseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities,they’resoundinganalarmthattheirtrainingneedstochange.

“Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.Becauseofthat,studentsneedpreparationtobesomethingotherthanacademics,”saysKristiLemn,whorecentlyearnedherdoctoratefromYaleUniversity.“It’snotthatstudentsshouldallcomeinnotexpectingtobeacademics—it’smorethattheyneedmoreoptionsforatoughjobmarket.”

AgrowingcropofeducatorsagreethatPhDtrainingneedsclosescrutiny.“It’stimetotakestockofwhatwe’redoingindoctoraltraining,”saysCynthiaBelar,theAmericanPsychologyAssociation’sexecutivedirectorforeducation.

“Wemayattimesbetoonarrowlyfocusedontrainingforparticularcareerpaths.Wemustfosterthecriticalthinkingandadaptiveskillsrequiredforachangingworld,orweriskfailingourstudents.”

Afocalpointofthemovementtoscrutinizedoctoraltraininghasbeen“Re-envisioningthePhD,’’alarge-scaleprojectfundedbythePewCharitableTrusts.HeadingtheprojectistheUniversityofWashington’s(UW)JodyNyquist.

“We’relookingathowwecangetthePhDexperiencetoincludeawiderrangeofprofessionalpreparation,”saysNyquist,associatedeanintheUWgraduateschool.

LeeShulman,presidentoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching,saidallfieldsoughttomorestronglyemphasizethat“beingadoctormeansbeingstewardofone’sdiscipline,whetherthatbeinindustry,governmentoracademics.AcoupleofdecadesfromnowtherewillstillbesomethingcalledthePhDineveryfield,”predictsShulman.

Questions:(注意：答題盡量簡(jiǎn)短，超過(guò)十個(gè)詞要扣分。每條橫線上限寫(xiě)一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不占格。)

41.Whatdrivesstudentstoenterdoctoralprograms?

________________________________________

________________________________________

42.Accordingtothepassage,what’sashocktostudents?

________________________________________

________________________________________

43.Increasingstudentsaresoundinganalarmthatdoctoraltrainingisinneedofchangesbecause________.

________________________________________

________________________________________

44.Whyshouldthestudentspreparesomethingotherthanacademics?

________________________________________

________________________________________

45.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindsofpeoplearerequiredforachangingworld?

________________________________________

________________________________________

【答案】41.Theexpectationofresearchingatamajorinstitution.

42.ManyPhDsworkoutsidetheacademicworld.

43.theyseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities

44.Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.

45.Peoplewithcriticalthinkingandadaptiveskills.

【解析】41.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“是什么促使學(xué)生攻讀博士學(xué)位”可定位到第2段第1句StudentsenteringdoctoralprogramsinalldisciplinesintheU.S.oftenexpectthey’llonedaydevotethemselvestoresearchatamajorinstitution.（在美國(guó)攻讀所有學(xué)科博士學(xué)位的學(xué)生通常希望有一天他們能在一個(gè)主要機(jī)構(gòu)從事研究。）由此可知，促使學(xué)生攻讀博士學(xué)位的原因是他們想在一個(gè)主要的研究機(jī)構(gòu)奉獻(xiàn)自己。

42.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)文章，什么是學(xué)生的震驚”可定位到第3段第1句That’swhyitcancomeasashockwhenstudentslearnthathalfofPhDsinthesciencesandengineeringworkoutsidetheacademicworld.（這就是為什么當(dāng)學(xué)生們得知有一半的科學(xué)和工程博士在學(xué)術(shù)世界之外工作時(shí)，可能會(huì)感到震驚。）由此可知，學(xué)生們震驚的是有一半的科學(xué)和工程博士在學(xué)術(shù)世界之外工作。

43.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生發(fā)出警報(bào)，博士培訓(xùn)需要改變，因?yàn)開(kāi)___。”可定位到第4段Asagrowingnumberofstudentsseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities,they’resoundinganalarmthattheirtrainingneedstochange.（隨著越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生看到博士培訓(xùn)和工作機(jī)會(huì)之間的不匹配，他們敲響了警鐘，即他們的培訓(xùn)需要改變。）由此可知，學(xué)生發(fā)出警報(bào)的原因是看到博士培訓(xùn)和工作機(jī)會(huì)之間的不匹配。

44.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“為什么學(xué)生們要準(zhǔn)備學(xué)術(shù)以外的東西”可定位到第5段第1、2句Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.Becauseofthat,studentsneedpreparationtobesomethingotherthanacademics.（成為學(xué)者的機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越少了。正因?yàn)槿绱耍瑢W(xué)生們需要為學(xué)習(xí)以外的東西做準(zhǔn)備。）由此可知，學(xué)生們要準(zhǔn)備學(xué)術(shù)以外的東西，是因?yàn)槌蔀閷W(xué)者的機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越少。

45.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，需要什么樣的人來(lái)適應(yīng)變化的世界”可定位到第7段第2句Wemustfosterthecriticalthinkingandadaptiveskillsrequiredforachangingworld,orweriskfailingourstudents.（我們必須培養(yǎng)批判性思維和適應(yīng)能力，以適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界，否則我們就有可能讓學(xué)生失敗。）由此可知，有批判性思維和適應(yīng)能力的人才能適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界。

13.單選題

Theprotestswerepartoftheir（）againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopmentinthearea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commission

B.commitment

C.convention

D.campaign

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)義題。commission授權(quán)，委托；commitment承諾，許諾，保證；convention習(xí)俗，慣例。campaign運(yùn)動(dòng),戰(zhàn)役。根據(jù)句中protests，partof推測(cè),D項(xiàng)campaign符合句意。

14.翻譯題

ThegovernmentisdesperatetosellthemosttroubledofSouthKorea’sbigcompaniestoforeigners.This,ministersbelieve,isthebestwaytoacceleratethecorporaterestructuringbeguninthewakeoftheAsianfinancialcrisisin1997,andtoclearthewayformoresustainableeconomicgrowth.Thisweek,aftermonthsofon-offtalkswithforeignsuitors,thegovernment’splansmovedabigstepforward,andthenanequallybigstepback.

【答案】政府急切地想把韓國(guó)處境最艱難的公司賣(mài)給外國(guó)人。官員們相信，這是加快自1997年金融危機(jī)開(kāi)始的企業(yè)重組的最佳途徑，也是為可持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)開(kāi)辟道路的最佳途徑。在與外國(guó)收購(gòu)者進(jìn)行了數(shù)月斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的談判后，本周，政府的計(jì)劃向前邁出了一大步，然后又后退了一大步。

15.單選題

Itisnosecretamongathletesthatinordertoimproveperformanceyou’vegottoworkhard.However,hardtrainingbreaksyoudownandmakesyouweaker.Itisrestthatmakesyoustronger.Improvementonlyoccursduringtherestperiodfollowinghardtraining.Thisadaptationisaccomplishedbyimprovingefficiencyoftheheartandcertainsystemswithinthemusclecells.Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelstocompensateforthestressthatyouhaveapplied.Theresultisthatyouarenowatahigherlevelofperformance.

Ifsufficientrestisnotincludedinatrainingprogram,imbalancebetweenexcesstrainingandinadequaterestwilloccur,andperformancewilldecline.The“overtrainingsyndrome（綜合癥）’’isthenamegiventothecollectionofemotional,behavioral,andphysicalsymptomsduetoovertrainingthathaspersistedforweekstomonths.Itismarkedbycumulativeexhaustionthatpersistsevenafterrecoveryperiods.

Themostcommonsymptomisfatigue.Thismaylimitworkoutsandmaybepresentatrest.Theathletemayalsobecomemoody,easilyimitated,havealteredsleeppatterns,becomedepressed,orlosethecompetitivedesireandenthusiasmforthesport.Somewillreportdecreasedappetiteandweightloss.Physicalsymptomsincludepersistentmuscularsoreness,increasedfrequencyofviral（病毒性的）illnesses,andincreasedincidenceofinjuries.

Thetreatmentfortheovertrainingsyndromeisrest.Thelongertheovertraininghasoccurred,themorerestrequired.Therefore,earlydetectionisveryimportant,Iftheovertraininghasonlyoccurredforashortperiodoftime（e.g.3-4weeks）theninterruptingtrainingfor3-5daysisusuallysufficientrest.Itisimportantthatthefactorsthatleadtoovertrainingbeidentifiedandcorrected.Otherwise,theovertrainingsyndromeislikelytorecur.Theovertrainingsyndromeshouldbeconsideredinanyathletewhomanifestssymptomsofprolongedfatigueandwhoseperformancehasleveledoffordecreased.Itisimportanttoexcludeanyunderlyingillnessthatmayberesponsibleforthefatigue.

1.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagetellsusthat（

）.

2.By“overtraining”theauthormeans

（

）.

3.Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutthe“overtraining”syndrome?

4.Whatdoesthephrase“l(fā)eveloff’(Line7,Para,4)mostprobablymean?

5.Theauthoradvisesattheendofthepassagethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theharderanathletetrains,thebetterhisperformancewillbe

B.restaftervigoroustrainingimprovesandathlete’sperformance

C.strictsystematictrainingisessentialtoanathlete'stopperformance

D.improvementofanathlete'sperformanceoccursinthecourseoftraining

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aseriesofphysicalsymptomsthatoccuraftertraining

B.undueemphasisontheimportanceofphysicalexertion

C.trainingthatisnotadequatelycompensatedforbyrest

D.trainingthathasexceededanathlete’semotionallimits

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itoccurswhenathletesloseinterestinsports.

B.Itappearsrightafterahardtrainingsession.

C.Thefatigueitresultsinisunavoidableintheathlete’strainingprocess.

D.Itmanifestsitselfinfatiguewhichlingersevenafterarecoveryperiod.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Slowdown.

B.Becomedull.

C.Stopimproving.

D.Beonthedecline.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.overtrainingsyndromeshouldbetreatedasaseriousillness

B.overtrainingsyndromeshouldbepreventedbeforeitoccurs

C.anathletewithovertrainingsyndromeshouldtakealengthyrest

D.illnesscausingfatigueshouldnotbemistakenforovertrainingsyndrome

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。這類題需要找段落中心句。第一段中心句出現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)折詞however之后“However,hardtrainingbreaksyoudownandmakesyouweaker.Itisrestthatmakesyoustronger.Improvementonlyoccursduringtherestperiodfollowinghardtraining.然而，艱苦的訓(xùn)練會(huì)讓你崩潰，讓你更虛弱。是休息使你更強(qiáng)壯。只有在艱苦訓(xùn)練之后的休息期間才會(huì)有進(jìn)步。”瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知B選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞rest“劇烈訓(xùn)練后的休息能提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成績(jī)”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合文意。

2.語(yǔ)義推斷題。由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Ifsufficientrestisnotincludedinatrainingprogram,imbalancebetweenexcesstrainingandinadequaterestwilloccur,andperformancewilldecline.如果在訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃中沒(méi)有充分的休息，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)過(guò)度訓(xùn)練和休息不足之間的不平衡，從而導(dǎo)致成績(jī)下降?！本o跟著下一句就提到“the‘overtrainingsyndrome’”，可知過(guò)度訓(xùn)練和休息不足就會(huì)產(chǎn)生“過(guò)度訓(xùn)練綜合征”，這個(gè)癥狀就是休息不足所造成的，因此C選項(xiàng)“休息不能充分補(bǔ)償?shù)挠?xùn)練”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章對(duì)于“theovertrainingsyndrome”的描述出現(xiàn)在第二段與第三段中。由上題可知，它發(fā)生在過(guò)度訓(xùn)練和休息不足之狀態(tài)失衡時(shí)，因此A選項(xiàng)“它發(fā)生在運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)失去興趣的時(shí)候”和B選項(xiàng)“它出現(xiàn)在一次艱苦的訓(xùn)練之后?！迸懦?；C選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)員在訓(xùn)練過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的疲勞是不可避免的”在文章中并未正面提及。

4.語(yǔ)義推斷題。本句句意：過(guò)度訓(xùn)練綜合癥可能出現(xiàn)在任何表現(xiàn)出長(zhǎng)期疲勞癥狀的運(yùn)動(dòng)員身上，也可能是在表現(xiàn)已經(jīng)……或下降的運(yùn)動(dòng)員身上。因?yàn)檫^(guò)度訓(xùn)練，可能造成運(yùn)動(dòng)員狀態(tài)不佳，很難出現(xiàn)冒尖的運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)，只可能下降decrease或表現(xiàn)平平，由此推測(cè)leveloff就表示“趨平”。C選項(xiàng)“停止進(jìn)步”符合文意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“過(guò)度訓(xùn)練綜合癥應(yīng)該被視為一種嚴(yán)重的疾病”未在最后一段中體現(xiàn)，提到其治療方法就是“rest”，可知也不應(yīng)視為嚴(yán)重的疾病；B選項(xiàng)“過(guò)度訓(xùn)練綜合癥應(yīng)該在發(fā)生之前預(yù)防”不符合段意，本段未提及預(yù)防的問(wèn)題；C選項(xiàng)“患有過(guò)度訓(xùn)練綜合癥的運(yùn)動(dòng)員應(yīng)該進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的休息”不符合文意，文章講到的是需要“sufficientrest足夠的休息”而不是“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間休息”。D選項(xiàng)“引起疲勞的疾病不應(yīng)被誤認(rèn)為是過(guò)度訓(xùn)練綜合癥”，符合最后一句中“要排除可能造成疲勞的疾病存在的可能”，不要把所有的疲勞都?xì)w于“過(guò)度訓(xùn)練綜合征”。

16.單選題

（

）lackofevidence,theprisonerhadtobereleasedafterstayinginjailforsixmonths.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.For

C.On

D.With

【答案】B

【解析】考察邏輯連接詞。分析句子可知，從句表示原因，主句為對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)果。For因?yàn)椤?句意：由于缺少證據(jù)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.單選題

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)carry“拿，運(yùn)送，攜帶”，指一般的搬運(yùn)，多指用人力；B選項(xiàng)fetch“（去）拿來(lái)，（去）請(qǐng)來(lái)”，指說(shuō)話人離開(kāi)說(shuō)話處，去別處把某人或某物帶來(lái)；C選項(xiàng)bring“帶來(lái)，引來(lái)”，從別處拿某物到說(shuō)話人處，由遠(yuǎn)及近；D選項(xiàng)reach“到達(dá)”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的意思及句意可知選B。句意：當(dāng)她看到了烏云的時(shí)候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨傘。

18.單選題

Thesunissolargethatifitwere（）,itwouldholdamillionearths.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.elegant

B.immense

C.hollow

D.clumsy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)elegant“高雅的，優(yōu)雅的，講究的”，B項(xiàng)immense“巨大的，廣大的，無(wú)邊無(wú)際的”，C項(xiàng)hollow“空的，中空的”，D項(xiàng)clumsy“適合于”。根據(jù)句子可知空格部分的句子是真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，句子意思是“太陽(yáng)是如此之大，如果它是……，它將容納一百萬(wàn)個(gè)地球”，可以推測(cè)，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，空格處填入“空的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：太陽(yáng)是如此之大，如果它是中空的，它可以容納一百萬(wàn)個(gè)地球。因此，該題C項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Priortothepurchaseoftheflat,thecouplewantedtomakesurethattheywouldhavecompatibleneighbors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmonious

B.energetic

C.capable

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)harmonious“和諧的”；B選項(xiàng)energetic“精力充沛的”；C選項(xiàng)capable“有能力的”；D選項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的”。句意：在購(gòu)買(mǎi)這套公寓之前，這對(duì)夫婦想要確保他們有能和諧相處的鄰居。劃線部分compatible是和諧相處的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Therightcombinationofbricks,mortarandplastercanbemixedtobuildagreatcity,butitisthecity'speoplewhoaddthatextradimensionwhichmakesitvibrant,memorable,famousandmuch-visited.Londonissuchacity,andamajorexhibitionaboutitspeoplemakesthispointbypulling-togetherpaintings,drawings,andprintsbyartistsoverthecenturiestoshowLondonersfromallwalksoflifeandinallmannerofsettings.Thecapital'srenownedoldmarkets,mostnowgone,likeCoventGardenandBillingsgate,capturedtheeyeofpaintersbecauseoftheextraordinarilydisparaterangeofcharactersminglingtogether.Processionsandceremonialeventswerepopularsubjects,althoughmanyartistswereinspiredbytheindividualstheysaw:thestreettraders,laborers,merchants,craftsmen,societyfolk,servants,visitingforeigners,theverypoor,theold,andthecriminals.ThereisabookwhichaccompaniestheshowandfromwhichinBritainhaschosenitsillustrations.LondonersarepublishedbyThamesandHudson,30-34BloomsburyStreet,LondonWC1B3QP.Telephone01-6365488.Ithas237illustrations,20incolor:￡20inhardback,￡9.95paperback.Availablepost-freedirectfromthepublisherstoaddresses,overseas,orfrombookshopsintheUK.

TheexhibitioncontinuesuntilAugust2attheMuseumofLondon.OpenTuesdaytoSaturday,10a.m.to6p.m.Admissionfree.

1.Accordingtotheadvertisement,theelementwhichaddstherealcolortoacityis（

）.

2.Theartistsaremorelikelytobeinspiredby（

）.

3.Fromtheadvertisement,wearetoldthatthebookwhichgoeswiththeexhibition（

）.

4.Readersoverseascangetacopyofthebook

（

）.

5.Fromtheadvertisement,wecaninferthattherewouldbefreeadmission（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecityitself

B.itsinhabitants

C.thebuildings

D.themarkets

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.popularsubjects

B.processions

C.theindividuals

D.ceremonialevents

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.iscalledLondoners

B.iscalledBritain

C.containsonly20pictures

D.containslessthan200illustrations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.for￡9.95

B.bypaying￡29.95

C.onlybyorderingfrombookshopsinBritain

D.byjoiningtheLiteraryGuild

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.onMondays

B.onAugust1st

C.onSundays

D.before10a.m.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“itisthecity'speoplewhoaddthatextradimensionwhichmakesitvibrant,memorable,famousandmuch-visited.”正是這座城市的人民為這座城市增添了額外的維度，使它充滿活力、令人難忘、聞名遐邇、游客眾多。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段“manyartistswereinspiredbytheindividualstheysaw...”許多藝術(shù)家的靈感來(lái)自于他們所看到的個(gè)人……選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一