書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-安徽水利水電職業技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Bornin1830inruralAmherst,Massachusetts,EmilyDickinsonspentherentirelifeinthehouseholdofherparents.Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.

IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson’slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife——herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived.Dickinsonwasnottheinnocent,lovelornandemotionallyfragilegirlsentimentalizedbytheDickinsonmythandpopularizedbyWilliamLuce’s1976play,theBelleofAmherst.HerdecisiontoshutthedooronAmherstsocietyinthe1850’stransferredherhouseintoakindofmagicalrealminwhichshewasfreetoengageherpoeticgenius.Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciationthroughwhichshe,inherquestforselfsovereignty,carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof“truewomanhood”.

1.What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasbeingoneofEmilyDickinson’seccentricities?

3.Accordingtothepassage,biographersofEmilyDickinsonhavetraditionally（

）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthatmanypeopleattributeEmilyDickinson'sseclusionto

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEmilyDickinsonlivedinasocietythatwascharacterizedby（

）.

問題1選項

A.TointerpretEmilyDickinson’seccentricbehavior.

B.TopromotethepopularmythofEmilyDickinson.

C.TodiscussEmilyDickinson’sfailedloveaffair.

D.TodescribethereligiousclimateinEmilyDickinson'stime

問題2選項

A.Refusingtoeat.

B.Wearingonlywhite

C.Avoidingvisitors.

D.Stayinginherroom

問題3選項

A.criticizedmostofherpoems

B.ignoredherinnocenceandemotionalfragility

C.seenherlifeinromanticterms

D.blamingherparentsforrestrictingheractivities

問題4選項

A.physicalillness

B.afailedloveaffair

C.religiousfervor

D.herdislikeofpeople

問題5選項

A.strongPuritanbeliefs

B.equalityofmenandwomen

C.theencouragementofnonconformity

D.theappreciationofpoeticcreativity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要在解釋艾米莉?迪金森生活行為古怪的原因。故選A“解釋艾米莉?迪金森古怪的行為”。

2.細節事實題。四個選項為:A:拒絕進食,B:只穿白色衣服,C:拒絕見來訪者,D:待在房間。第一段指出:Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,

sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric(她越來越遠離社會，呆在自己的房間里，有時拒絕面見來訪者，而她開始只穿白色的衣服這樣的習慣使她蒙上了怪人的名聲),因此只有A項未提及。答案選A。

3.細節事實題。第二段指出:IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson'slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife—herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived(傳記作者在決心用傳統的浪漫情節去理解迪金森的生活上，忽視了她生活的獨特方式，即她奮力去創造一個她生活的文化無法想象的女性生活)。因此C“從浪漫角度看待她的生活”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciation..(她的隱退不是失敗的風流韻事的結果，而是一個更一般的放棄模式的一部分……)。因此在作者看來,很多人認為艾米莉?迪金森的隱退是因為失敗的風流韻事,故選B“失敗的風流韻事”。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:...carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof"truewomanhood”(（艾米莉?迪金森）與清教徒的父親們進行爭吵，用智慧去諷刺他們陰郁的加爾文教義，刻板的德高望重的上帝和他們對‘真正女性’的嚴格定義),由此可知A項“強大的清教徒信仰”正確。

2.單選題

Sciencesuggeststhatthegreaterpartofanoptimisticoutlookcanbe（

）withtherightinstruction.

問題1選項

A.acquired

B.imposed

C.traced

D.fabricated

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞辨析。acquired獲得；imposed強加；traced追蹤；fabricated偽造。句意：科學表明樂觀的前景大都可以通過正確的教導獲得。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

26-30

問題1選項

A.Thelinkbetweenobesityandbirthdefect

B.Thelinkbetweenobesityanddiabetes

C.Theriskofbirthabnormalities

D.Theharmfuleffectsofobesity27.

問題2選項

A.Neuraltubedefects

B.Heartproblems

C.Cleftlipandpalate(唇腭裂)

D.Diabetes28.

問題3選項

A.20million

B.200million

C.400million

D.40million29.

問題4選項

A.Aweight-losssurgery

B.Abalanceddiet

C.Achangeoflifestyle

D.Moreexercise30.

問題5選項

A.Whyobesitycancausebirthdefects

B.Howobesitymaycausebirthdefects

C.Whyobesitycancausediabetes

D.Howobesitymaycausediabetes

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】CatherineandothercolleaguesfromBritain’sNewCastleUniversitycombineddatafrom18studies(26)tolookattheriskofabnormalitiesofbabieswhosemotherswereobeseoroverweight.(27)Obesewomenwerenearlytwiceaslikelytohaveababywithneuraltubedefectswhicharecausedbytheincompletedevelopmentofthebrainorspinalcordthestudyfound.Foronesuchdefect,spinalbifida(脊柱裂),theriskmorethandoubled.Theresearchersalsodetectedincreasedchancesofheartdefect,cleftlipandpalate,wateronthebrain(腦積水)andproblemsinthegrowthofarmsandlegs.(28)TheWorldHealthOrganizationclassifiesaround400millionpeoplearoundtheworldasobese,including20millionundertheageof5,andthenumberisgrowing.ObesityraisestherisksofdiseasessuchastypeIIdiabetes,heartproblemsandisahealthconcernpilingpressureonanalreadyoverburdenednationalhealthsystem.Recentresearchhastightweighttootherproblemsduringpregnancy.(29)AteamfromtheRoundCorporationThinkTankinCaliforniareportedin2008thatwomenwhogetpregnantafterweightlosssurgerytendtobehealthierandlesslikelytodeliverababybornwithcomplicationscomparedtoobesewomen.(30)Furtherstudymayshowhowobesitymaycausetheseproblems,JulietatNewCastleUniversityresearcherwhoworkedonthestudysaidinatelephoneinterview.Womenwhoarethinkingabouttryingforababyneedtochecktheirownweightfirst,andthenthinkaboutseekinghelpiftheyareoverweight.

26.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】全文圍繞“肥胖的女性生的孩子更容易發生異常”展開，A選項“肥胖和出生缺陷”符合，故選A。

27.Babieswhosemothersareobesemayhaveincreasedchancesofthefollowingdiseasesexcept?

【解析】其余三種缺陷“neuraltubedefects,cleftlipandpalate,diabetes”文中都有提及，都有可能由母親的肥胖引起，而糖尿病是針對母親本人而言的，故選D。

28.AccordingtotheWHO,howmanypeopleareclassifiedasobesearoundtheworld?

【解析】文中提到世界衛生組織將約4億人歸為肥胖，故選C。

29.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuggestionforobesewomenwhoplantohaveababy?

【解析】那些做了減重手術的懷孕女性更健康，生的孩子更不容易有先天缺陷。

30.Accordingtothetalk，whatmaybethefocusoffurtherstudies?

【解析】將來的研究焦點可能在于“howobesitymaycausetheseproblems”，theseproblems指先天缺陷。

4.單選題

ScientistshaveachievedfindingssubstantialenoughtoremoveourfearofGMfoods.

問題1選項

A.abundant

B.controversial

C.conducive

D.convincing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。substantial表示“大量的，實質的”；A項abundant“豐富的，充裕的”，B項controversial“有爭議的，有爭論的”，C項conducive“有益的，有助于……的”，D項convincing“令人信服的”。句意：科學家們已經取得了足以消除我們對轉基因食品恐懼的重大發現。根據前面的findings（發現）可知只有D項的意思與劃線部分的意思相近，所以D項正確。

5.單選題

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

問題2選項

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

問題4選項

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

問題5選項

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節事實題。根據題干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻譯為：官方的統計數字有點令人氣餒。故選A“沒有看上去那么好”。

2.【試題解析】細節事實題。根據題干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻譯：正如財政部長說的，生產力發生飛躍的商業傳奇與統計數字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節”。可知最佳答案為B選項“低于商人的預期”。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.”中文翻譯：商人們認為自己主持著生產力革命，但是要確定是否確有其事卻更加困難，以及尾段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾。可以推斷出答案選擇B“他認為生產力革命并未奏效”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:reasonable“合理的，公道的”；B:disturbed“打擾的：心煩意亂的”；C:moreinsensible“更無動于衷的”；D:franker“更直率的”。根據題干定位到原文第五段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾，推測出blunter有“更直率的”含義，故選D。

5.【試題解析】細節事實題。根據B選項“組織工作場所的新方法可以幫助提高生產力”可以定位到原文第三段“Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy.”中文翻譯為：組織工作場所的新方法——所有那些重新設計和縮小規模的做法——只是對一個經濟的整體生產力做出了一個方面的貢獻……，根據C選項“降低成本并不能保證帶來長期利潤”可以定位到原文尾段“Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.”中文翻譯為：他的同事，邁克?比爾說，太多的公司已用機械的方式進行重組，在沒有充分考慮到長期贏利能力的情況下降低了成本。根據D選項“打通新市場可能增加公司的利潤率”可以定位到原文第三段“Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.”中文翻譯為：另外，公司的大部分改革都是為了贏利，而這種需求并不總是意味著提高生產力：轉向新的市場或改善產品質量也會有同樣的功效。只有A選項未在文中提及，符合題意。

6.單選題

（）tofindstarsinpairs.

問題1選項

A.Itisverycommon

B.Beingverycommon

C.Verycommonis

D.Thatisverycommon

【答案】A

【解析】考查形式主語。it+be+形容詞、名詞或者過去分詞+todosth.，在此句型內it作為形式主語指代todosth.的內容，避免出現句子頭重腳輕的情況。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

______herinexperienceherfailuretosecurethecontractwasnotsurprising.

問題1選項

A.Inviewof

B.Withregardto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Accordingto

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”；B選項Withregardto“至于”；C選項Byvirtueof“由于，憑借”；D選項Accordingto“按照”。句意：______她缺乏經驗，她沒能簽署那份合同就不足為奇了。根據語境，這里指的是缺乏經驗很大程度上讓她沒能簽成合同，A選項Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

8.翻譯題

PartII.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(25分)

如果分析不當，造成誤解，就謹小慎微，不敢解放思想，不敢放開手腳。結果是喪失時機，猶如逆水行舟，不進則退。（《鄧小平文選》第三卷）

【答案】Ifwefailtomakeaproperanalysisandthusincurmisunderstanding,wewillbecomeovercautiousanddarenotemancipateoutmindsandactboldly.Consequently,wewillloseopportunities.Likeaboatsailingagainstthecurrent,wemustforgeaheadorbesweptdownstream.

9.單選題

Althoughthestudyofanimalcommunicationhasplayedavitalroleinourunderstandingofhumancommunicationeversincethedawnoftime,recentresearchinthisareahasrevealedanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumancommunication.Researchershavediscoveredthatanimals1withhumansanumberofcharacteristics,including2associatedwithattractionandmating,territoriality,familiarties,divisionoflabor,andanumberofothertraitsthatweonce3wereuniquely“4”.

Forexample,the5betweensquirrelmonkeymothersandinfantsisnotunlikethatofhuman.Wheninfantsareseparatefromtheirmothers,theyemitloud,easily6,andindividuallyrecognizablesounds.7,themothercanfindherchildand8itsneeds.9,mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”,oradultspeechthatis10inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.

問題1選項

A.resemble

B.share

C.contrast

D.differ

問題2選項

A.what

B.that

C.those

D.ones

問題3選項

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.justified

D.reasoned

問題4選項

A.animal’s

B.humane

C.humanity

D.human

問題5選項

A.bond

B.ties

C.affection

D.joint

問題6選項

A.simulated

B.located

C.situated

D.detected

問題7選項

A.Inthisway

B.Thus

C.Becauseofthis

D.Therefore

問題8選項

A.supply

B.help

C.get

D.serve

問題9選項

A.Conversely

B.Likely

C.Likewise

D.Comparatively

問題10選項

A.altered

B.modified

C.revised

D.adapted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項resemble“類似”；B選項share“共用”；C選項contrast“對比；對照；顯出明顯的差異”；D選項differ“不同”。句意：人類交流研究人員發現，動物和人類有許多共同的特征。這里是說動物和人類有許多共同的特征，由此可知B選項正確。

2.考查非限定性定語從句。A選項“what”以及B選項“that”不能引導非限定制性定語從句，故排除A，B選項。選項D“ones”只能作為代詞，不能引導非限定性定語從句，故排除。因此選項C為正確答案。

3.考查上下文語義辨析。A選項assumed“假設；（承擔）責任”；B選項guessed“猜想”；C選項justified“調整；證明……正當”；D選項reasoned“說服”。上文說到研究者對動物交流的研究就在我們理解人類交流方面起著至關重要的作用，可推測此處應填研究者的推論，B選項guess指的是毫無根據僅憑個人主觀臆斷，可排除，由此可知A選項正確。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項animal’s“動物，動物世界；牲畜”；B選項humane“仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C選項humanity“人道；仁慈；人文學科”；D選項human“人類”。中文翻譯為：我們猜想我們是獨一無二的人類，判斷出此處D選項正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項bond“紐帶”；B選項ties“結”；C選項affection“喜愛，感情；影響；感染”；D選項joint“關節；接縫”。句意：松鼠猴的母親和嬰兒之間的紐帶就像人類一樣。判斷出A項正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項simulated“模擬的；模仿的；仿造的”；B選項located“處于，位于；坐落的”；C選項situated“位于……的；處于……境遇的”；D選項detected“檢測到的”。根據下文，themothercanfindherchild（媽媽能找到她的孩子）。可知B選項正確。

7.考查連詞。A選項Inthisway“這樣；用這種方法”；B選項Thus“因此；從而；這樣；如此”；C選項Becauseofthis“因為這個”；D選項Therefore“因此”。由上文“當嬰兒與母親分開時，他們會發出響亮的、容易定位的、單獨可識別的聲音”的這種方式，可推測A選項正確。

8.考查動詞詞義。A選項supply“供給，提供；補充”；B選項help“幫助”；C選項get“使得；獲得；受到；變成”；D選項serve“招待，供應”。根據find“找到”以及后文itsneeds“它的需要”，D選項“serve”所提供的服務是虛擬的，A選項“supply”所提供的服務是現實的，可知A選項正確。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項Conversely“相反地”；B選項Likely“很可能；或許”；C選項Likewise“同樣地；也”；D選項Comparatively“比較地；相當地”。聯系下文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”.（松鼠猴媽媽有自己的媽媽語），可知C項正確。

10.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項altered“改變，改動，修改”；B選項modified“修改；更改”；C選項revised“修改；校訂；復習”；D選項adapted“使適應，改編”。根據上文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”（松鼠猴媽媽也有自己的媽媽語），下文inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.（以便與嬰兒交流），B選項modified強調細小的變化，常含“緩和”的意味，可排除，D選項adapted（適應，改編）符合題意，D選項正確。

10.單選題

Theoldcouplenowstill（）fortlieirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

問題1選項

A.cherish

B.groan

C.dispense

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在他們心愛的兒子過世三十年后，這對老夫婦現在仍然哀悼他。

考查動詞辨析。cherish珍愛;groan呻吟，抱怨;dispense分配，免除，執行；mourn哀悼，憂傷，服喪。根據句意“在他們心愛的兒子過世三十年后”可知D符合句意。

11.單選題

Customersinthesemarketsofantiquesaregoodatslashingprices.

問題1選項

A.accessing

B.cutting

C.elevating

D.altering

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。slash表示“猛砍，削減”；A項access“進入，使用”，B項cut“切斷”，C項elevate“提升，舉起”，D項alter“改變，更改”。句意：這些古董市場的顧客很擅長砍價。根據句意可知B項正確。

12.單選題

Aftercenturiesofself-enforced（）,Chinahasgainedforherselfaplaceinworldaffairsthatbringsherintothecurrentofmodernhistory.

問題1選項

A.cooperation

B.monopoly

C.dictatorship

D.seclusion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項cooperation“合作，協作”；B選項monopoly“壟斷”；C選項dictatorship“專政，專制”；D選項seclusion“隱居”。根據后文中國占據了一席之地，可推測，中國經過數百年的自我專制，到達今天的地位。句意：經過數百年的自我實施……后，中國已經在國際事務上占有一席之地，并進入了現代歷史的浪潮。因此C選項正確。

13.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasaglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemployasimilarmatterthatlinkeddemographic(人口統計學)growthto“along,thinpowerfusethatburnssteadilyfromtimetotimeuntilitfinallyreachesthelimit,andexplodes”.

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory.Wefindthatpopulationhavebeenreallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whereinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttoknow.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighrateofdeath.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8000B.C.tillapproximately1650A.D.Andaperiodofrapidgrowthsince1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9,600years,thepopulationincreasedformsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2020therewillbe8billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“populationasaglobalissue”（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromtheexampleofapowerfusethat（）.

3.Whatleadstoastablegrowthofpopulationformostofhumanhistory?

4.Thereasonforarapidgrowthofpopulationliesinthefactthat（）.

5.Howmanypeopleareborneverysixhoursatpresent,accordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.isquiteunlikethepopulationproblemandthusdoesn’tneedourconcern

B.focusesontrackingdownthereasonofrapidpopulationgrowth

C.dealswiththesameproblemarousedbythepopulationproblem

D.willmanagethepopulationgrowthproblemfromglobalperspectives

問題2選項

A.toomuchpopulationwillonedayleadtothedoomofhumanbeings

B.thetrendofpopulationgrowthwillkeepunsteadyuntilthedestructionofEarth

C.demographicgrowthwillfollowacertainpatternofupsanddowns

D.itislikelyinthenearfuturethatpopulationwillreducegradually

問題3選項

A.Speciescompetition

B.Lowfertility

C.Tribalfights

D.Highrateofdeath

問題4選項

A.peoplearepermittedtohavemorechildren

B.peoplecanlivebetterthanbefore

C.newbornbabiesdielessthanbefore

D.wehavefoundthesecretoflongevity

問題5選項

A.Eightymillion.

B.Eightthousand

C.Fiftythousand

D.Fivemillion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。原文首段第一句提及“Wecanbeginourdiscussionof‘populationasaglobalissue’withwhatmostpersonmeanwhentheydiscuss‘thepopulationproblem’…當大多數人在討論‘人口問題’的時候，我們也可以開始‘人口作為一個全球問題’的討論。”由此可知，這兩個問題是一樣的，都是由人口問題引發的，所以選項C正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據關鍵詞“powerfuse”定位到第一段最后一句“Itwasquiterighttoemployasimilarmatterthatlinkeddemographicgrowthto‘along,thinpowerfusethatburnssteadilyfromtimetotimeuntilitfinallyreachesthelimit,andexplodes’.它很正確地使用了一個類似的問題，即把人口增長與‘一根又長又細的電源保險絲，它不時地穩定燃燒，直到最終達到極限并爆炸’聯系起來。”由此可知，作者是想通過電源保險絲的例子告訴我們，人口過多總有一天會導致人類的滅亡，所以選項A正確。

3.細節事實題。根據第二段的倒數第三句“Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whereinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.在人類歷史的大部分時間里，很少會有十分之一的人活過四十歲，而在這個時期，嬰兒期和兒童期是特別危險的。”也就是說，導致人口穩定增長的原因是高死亡率，選項D符合原文。

4.細節事實題。根據第三段的內容：它不僅從歷史的角度看待目前的人口增長問題，它表明了近年來人口快速增長的原因不是人們突然想要生更多的孩子，而是因為改善了傳統上造成高死亡率的狀況。由此可知，人口快速增長的真正原因在于死亡率的改善，所以選項B符合題意。

5.細節事實題。題干問的是“目前每六小時有多少人出生?”根據最后一段的最后三句“Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.公元前8000年—1650年間，世界人口平均每年只增加5萬人。目前，這個數字每六小時增加一次。每年大約增加8000萬人。”由此可知，現在每六個小時有5萬人出生，所以選項C正確。

14.單選題

IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay（）rolesin

raisingchildren.

問題1選項

A.incapable

B.indispensable

C.insensible

D.infinite

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在中國家庭里，（外）祖父母和其他親戚在撫養孩子的過程中充當（）的角色。A選項incapable無能力的；B選項indispensable不可缺少的；絕對必要的；C選項insensible無感覺的；D選項infinite無限的，B選項indispensable符合句意。

15.單選題

TheOlympicGameswerewatchedby（

）billionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

問題1選項

A.virtually

B.deliberately

C.literally

D.appropriately

【答案】A

【解析】句意:幾乎有數以億計的全世界觀眾觀看奧運會。

副詞辨析。Virtually幾乎，事實上,實際上;deliberately故意,謹慎地;literally字面上;appropriately適當地。故A符合句意。

16.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問題1選項

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項“廢棄的，老式的”；B選項“侵略性的，好斗的”；C選項“和諧的，和睦的”；D選項“和藹可親的，親切的”，句意：國際體育應該創造國家之間的友好關系，但在目前的奧林匹克組織中以某種方式鼓勵______愛國主義。由but可以得知和前文應該是有轉折的，因此空格處想表達的應該是“鼓勵帶有挑釁性的愛國精神”。因此B選項符合題意。

17.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）

2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat（

）

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniver