書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽公安職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thefootballerscoredwithsuch（

）thatthegoalkeeperdidn’tstandthechanceofsavingthegoal.

問題1選項

A.vein

B.veil

C.vicinity

D.velocity

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項vein“血管”；B選項veil“面紗，面罩”；C選項vicinity“臨近，附近”；D選項velocity“速度”。根據(jù)關鍵詞“footballer足球運動員”和that后面的句子意思“以至于守門員沒有機會挽救進球”，可知空格部分意思為“速度”，句意為：這個足球運動員進球如此快，以至于對方守門員沒有機會挽救進球。正確答案選D。

2.單選題

Thetiesthatbindustogetherincommonactivityareso（

）thattheycandisappearatanymoment.

問題1選項

A.trivial

B.fatal

C.tentative

D.feeble

【答案】D

【解析】trivial不重要的，瑣碎的；fatal致命的，重大的，毀滅性的；tentative試驗性的，暫定的；feeble無力的，薄弱的。句意：把我們聯(lián)系在一起從事共同活動的紐帶是如此薄弱，以至于隨時都可能消失。選項D符合句意。

3.單選題

TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

問題1選項

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項initiate“開始，發(fā)起”，一般指活動，團體的產(chǎn)生；B選項originate“起源于，來自，產(chǎn)生”；C選項embark“上船，裝船，從事”，后面常接介詞on/upon；D選項commence“開始”，指重大事件及歷史時期的開始。根據(jù)TheSpaceAge（太空時代）和thefirstartificialsatellite（第一顆人造衛(wèi)星）可知是一件重大事件，因此選D。句意：太空時代始于1957年10月，當時蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。

4.單選題

Theinterestsoftheconsumershouldbeparamount.

問題1選項

A.supreme

B.unbending

C.superfluous

D.tangible

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.supreme最高的，至高的B.unbending堅定的，不易彎曲的，冷漠的

C.superfluous多余的，不必要的D.tangible有形的，切實的，可觸摸的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關鍵信息Theinterestsoftheconsumer（消費者的利益）可推測，paramount的意思是“第一位的，首位的”，A選項詞義與劃線單詞含義最為接近，故本題正確答案為A選項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】消費者的利益應放在首位。

5.單選題

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowofboilingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly（）.

問題1選項

A.negative

B.negligent

C.serenity

D.custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項negative“負的，消極的，否定的”；B選項negligent“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；C選項serenity“平靜，寧靜”；D選項custody“保管，監(jiān)護，拘留”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名護工將沸騰的開水倒入浴缸，導致一名病人死亡，這個是測試他是否嚴重_____。根據(jù)原句邏輯，這個護工導致病人死亡，可見他的工作是有疏忽的，因此B選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Youshould（

）tooneormoreweeklymagazinessuchasTimeorPeople.

問題1選項

A.subscribe

B.order

C.prescribe

D.reclaim

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。subscribe訂閱，后接介詞to；order定購，預定；prescribe開處方；reclaim改造，感化，回收利用；由weeklymagazines可知答案為A。句意：你應該訂閱一本或更多的周刊雜志，比如《時代》或《人物》。答案A

7.不定項選擇題

Britainmaynothaveproducedadownhillskiingchampion,butthereis(1)areaofthesportinwhichitisaleader:dry-skiing.Asa(2)ofthis,moreman-madeskislopesarefoundherethanintherestoftheworld.Thefirstdryslopewas(3)inLondonthirty-fiveyearsago.NowthereareahundredandfiftyslopesinBritainstartingfromthe(4)sizeof30metrestooneof471metresjustoutsideEdinburgh.Thebiggercentres(5)likegolf(6)squashclubsbecausetheyoffertheirmembersafull(7)ofwell-organisedfacilities.

Manypeoplewantto(8)thedry-skicentresbecausetheyareclosetothecities.Forthosewhohavenever(9)before,theycan(10)doubtsavealotoftimeandmoneybygoingtooneofthecentresforbeginners.Instructorswillgo(11)theequipmentandteachthe(12)skillsofskiing.Forthosethatcanski,itisa(n)(13)goodwayofkeepingfitandpracticingnewtechniques.Formany(14)skiersithas(15)apartoftheirentertainment.

問題1選項

A.yet

B.still

C.then

D.already

問題2選項

A.development

B.conclusion

C.proof

D.result

問題3選項

A.built

B.prepared

C.formed

D.created

問題4選項

A.biggest

B.longest

C.smallest

D.widest

問題5選項

A.perform

B.instruct

C.operate

D.conduct

問題6選項

A.otherwise

B.besides

C.either

D.or

問題7選項

A.range

B.row

C.variety

D.area

問題8選項

A.do

B.use

C.go

D.find

問題9選項

A.skied

B.skated

C.climbed

D.hiked

問題10選項

A.with

B.in

C.without

D.of

問題11選項

A.to

B.under

C.round

D.over

問題12選項

A.thorough

B.minimum

C.true

D.basic

問題13選項

A.rarely

B.really

C.excellent

D.seldom

問題14選項

A.regular

B.reliable

C.continuous

D.continual

問題15選項

A.made

B.become

C.developed

D.achieved

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項yet“但是”；B選項still“仍然”；C選項then“那么”；D選項already“已經(jīng)”。句意：但在另一個領域，英國仍是領先者。因此B選項符合題意。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項development“發(fā)展”；B選項conclusion“結論”；C選項proof“證明”；D選項result“結果”。句意：因此，這里的人造滑雪坡道比世界其他地方都多。asaresultof是固定搭配，表示“作為……的結果”。因此D選項符合題意。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項built“建造”；B選項prepared“準備”；C選項formed“形成”；D選項created“創(chuàng)造”。句意：第一個人工滑雪場是35年前在倫敦修建的。因此A選項符合題意。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項biggest“最大的”；B選項longest“最長的”；C選項smallest“最小的”；D選項widest“最寬的”。句意：從最小的30米到愛丁堡外的471米。因此C選項符合題意。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項perform“表演”；B選項instruct“指導”；C選項operate“運轉”；D選項conduct“實施”。句意：更大的中心像高爾夫或壁球俱樂部一樣運作。因此C選項符合題意。

6.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項otherwise“否則”；B選項besides“此外”；C選項either“而且”；D選項or“或者”。句意：更大的中心像高爾夫或壁球俱樂部一樣運作。因此D選項符合題意。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項range“范圍”；B選項row“行，排”；C選項variety“多樣”；D選項area“區(qū)域”。句意：因為它們?yōu)闀T提供全套組織良好的設施。afullrangeof是固定搭配，表示“全方位的，全系列的”。因此A選項符合題意。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項do“做”；B選項use“使用”；C選項go“去”；D選項find“找到”。句意：許多人想去人工滑雪場中心。因此C選項符合題意。

9.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項skied“滑雪”；B選項skated“滑冰”；C選項climbed“攀登”；D選項hiked“遠足”。句意：對于那些從來沒有滑過雪的人來說。因此A選項符合題意。

10.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項with“和……一起”；B選項in“在……中”；C選項without“沒有”；D選項of“屬于”。句意：去一個初學者中心無疑可以節(jié)省很多時間和金錢。因此C選項符合題意。

11.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項goto“轉到”；B選項gounder“沉沒”；C選項goround“到處走動”；D選項goover“檢查”。句意：教練將檢查設備并教授滑雪技巧。因此D選項符合題意。

12.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項thorough“徹底的”；B選項minimum“最小的”；C選項true“真實的”；D選項basic“基本的”。句意：教練將檢查設備并教授基本滑雪技巧。因此D選項符合題意。

13.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項rarely“很少地”；B選項really“真正地”；C選項excellent“卓越的”；D選項seldom“很少”，表示頻率。句意：對于那些會滑雪的人來說，這不是一種保持身體健康和練習新技術的好方法。因此A選項符合題意。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項regular“經(jīng)常的”；B選項reliable“可靠的”；C選項continuous“連續(xù)的”；D選項continual“持續(xù)不斷的”。句意：對于許多經(jīng)常滑雪的人來說。因此A選項符合題意。

15.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項made“制造”；B選項become“成為”；C選項developed“發(fā)展”；D選項achieved“達到”。句意：這已經(jīng)成為他們娛樂的一部分。因此B選項符合題意。

8.翻譯題

人們對金錢有各自的看法。有的人喜歡錢是因為錢能為他們買到東西，另一些人則把它看作安全的保障。有的人擔心自己永遠掙不到足夠的錢，另一些人則不喜歡有太多的錢。人們對于錢的態(tài)度取決于許多方面：在什么樣的環(huán)境中長大，習慣于擁有多少錢，是為錢而努力工作還是為喜歡的工作而掙錢。甚至人們對生活的信念也影響對金錢的看法。對于金錢的態(tài)度沒有正確和錯誤之分，每種態(tài)度都自有其合理之處。

【答案】Peoplehavetheirownviewsonmoney.Somepeoplelikemoneybecausemoneycanbuythingsforthem,whileotherstreatitasasecurityguarantee.Somepeopleworrythattheywillneverearnenoughmoney,whileotherswouldnotliketohavetoomuchmoney.People'sattitudetowardsmoneydependsonmanyaspectssuchasinwhatkindofenvironmentyougrowup,howmuchmoneyyouareusedtoobtaining,andyouworkhardformakingmoneyormakemoneyjustbecauseyoulovethejob.Eventhefaithofpeople'slifealsoaffectstheviewonmoney.Thereisnorightorwrongattitudetowardsmoney,andeachattitudehasitsownreasonablepoint.

9.單選題

Shecasthereyesroundtheroomin______ofachairtositin.

問題1選項

A.demand

B.requirement

C.question

D.quest

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項demand“要求；需求”，indemandof非固定搭配，demandforsth.“要求某物”；B選項requirement“必需品；必備條件”；C選項question“疑問；議題；困惑”；D選項quest“探索，尋找”，inquestofsth.“尋找/探索某事物”。句意：她向房間四下看，______椅子來坐。根據(jù)語境，這里指在房間里到處看，想找把椅子坐，D選項quest“探索，尋找”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

ThecourtdecreedthatheshouldbetransportedtoAustralia.

問題1選項

A.predicted

B.ordered

C.decided

D.resolved

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。decree表示“頒布法令”；A項predict“預測”，B項order“命令”，C項decide“決定”，D項resolve“溶解”。句意：法院裁定他應該被遣送到澳大利亞。因此B項正確。

11.單選題

AlfredNobel,thefamousSwedishchemistwhofoundedtheNobelPrize,wasbornintoafamilywhereresearchandexperimentationwerealmostsecondnature.HisfatherImmanuel,outofworkandpenniless,testedhistheoriesofexplosivesinalaboratorysetupintheirhouse.Unfortunately,theelderNobelremainedfrustratedinhiseffortstoapplyhisnaturalinventivespirittoestablishingaprosperousendeavor.

AlfredNobelworkedalongsidehisfather,andby1850whenhewas17,Alfredhadacquiredmostofhisfather’sknowledgeofandenthusiasmforchemistry.Althoughnumerousotherscientistshadbeenintriguedbynitroglycerine,Alfredwastheonewhofinallymanagedtoturnthisdangeroussubstanceintoasafeandusefulexplosive.Hesucceededindevelopingdynamitecommercially,whichlaidthefoundationformanyoftheworld’sleadingchemicalenterprises.AsidefromintroducingtheinnovativeNobelIgniterin1864anddynamitein1866，Alfredclaimed355patentsincludingnitrocelluloseandsubstitutesforleatherandrubber.Hedevelopedclevermethodsfortheproductionofsyntheticsilkandwasinvolvedinelectrochemical,telecommunications,andsafetyalarmsystemsaswell.

AlfredNobelwasadedicatedscientistwhobecameveryrichapplyinghisknowledgeofchemistry.Hissenseofguiltoverhavingcreatedapotentiallydeadlymaterialledhimtoleavesomeofhismillionstorewardindividualswhomadesubstantialcontributionstocertainareasofscience.Itwasnaturalthathewouldincludechemistryasoneofthosebranches,especiallysincetheendofthenineteenthcenturybroughtrapidadvancementsinthefield.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueaboutAlfredNobel’sfatherImmanuel?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepowerofnitroglycerine（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutAlfredNobelcanbedrawnfromthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,AlfredNobelmadeimportantprogressindevelopingallofthefollowingitemsEXCEPT

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAlfredNobellaterviewedhisinventionofdynamite（

）.

問題1選項

A.Hewasneverabletocapitalizeonhisworkinchemistry.

B.Hewasnotinstrumentalindevelopinghisson’senthusiasmforchemistry.

C.Heturnedhisknowledgeofchemistryintoaprofitablebusiness.

D.HesharedintheworkofhissonAlfred.

問題2選項

A.wasfirstrecognizedbyImmanuelNobel

B.wasneverutilizedwellbychemicalenterprises

C.wasmostfullydevelopedbyAlfredNobel

D.layinitsintrigueformanyscientists

問題3選項

A.Histalentslayalmostexclusivelyintheareaofexplosives.

B.Hewasreluctanttobequeathalargepartofhiswealthtowardspromotingscientificresearch.

C.Hechosetoworkindependentlyofotherscientists.

D.Hewasamajorcontributortotherapidprogressinchemistryinthelatenineteenthcentury.

問題4選項

A.nitrocellulose

B.rubberandleather

C.syntheticsilk

D.safetyalarmdevices

問題5選項

A.withmuchconcernforitsnegativeeffectsonmankind

B.asaminorachievementinhislongcareer

C.withsatisfactionregardingitsimpactonchemicalenterprises

D.asanaturaloutgrowthofhisfather'straining

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知下列哪項關于諾貝爾父親的描述是正確的？”文章第一段最后一句提到“不幸的是，老諾貝爾并未能用自己天生的發(fā)明精神來完成這項偉大的事業(yè)”（Unfortunately,theelderNobelremainedfrustratedinhiseffortstoapplyhisnaturalinventivespirittoestablishingaprosperousendeavor），因此選項A符合題意。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知硝化甘油是什么？”文章第二段提到“盡管硝化甘油一直吸引了很多其他科學家的目光”（Althoughnumerousotherscientistshadbeenintriguedbynitroglycerine），因此選項D符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“下列哪項關于諾貝爾的總結可以從文章中得出？”文章最后一段最后一句提到“他將化學包括在那些尤其是從19世紀末以來為這個領域帶來了進步的分支中”（Itwasnaturalthathewouldincludechemistryasoneofthosebranches,especiallysincetheendofthenineteenthcenturybroughtrapidadvancementsinthefield），因此選項D符合題意。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，諾貝爾在很多領域起了很大作用，除了下列哪項？”文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“諾貝爾申請了355項專利，包括硝化纖維、皮革和橡膠的替代品，他研究出一種生產(chǎn)合成絲的好方法，還參與到電化學、通訊以及安全警報系統(tǒng)的研究中”（NobelIgniterin1864anddynamitein1866，Alfredclaimed355patentsincludingnitrocelluloseandsubstitutesforleatherandrubber.Hedevelopedclevermethodsfortheproductionofsyntheticsilkandwasinvolvedinelectrochemical,telecommunications,andsafetyalarmsystemsaswell），由此可知，選項D符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可以知道諾貝爾后期對炸藥的看法是什么？”文章最后一段提到“他對創(chuàng)造一種有潛在致命危險的材料感到愧疚……”（Hissenseofguiltoverhavingcreatedapotentiallydeadlymaterial…），選項A“擔心它對人類有消極影響”符合題意。

12.單選題

Sinceyouchangedlaneswithoutsignaling,youareasmuchto（

）fortheaccidentasus.

問題1選項

A.blame

B.accusation

C.condemnation

D.charge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。blame“責任，過失”；accusation“指責，譴責”；condemnation“譴責，定罪”；charge“控告，控訴”。句意：由于你變道前沒開轉向燈，你就應該像我們一樣對這次事故負責。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Thealliessufferedlessthan20（

）whileenemylossesweresaidtobehigh.

問題1選項

A.casualties

B.consequences

C.calamities

D.severities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。casualty意為“(戰(zhàn)爭或事故的)傷員，傷亡”；consequence意為“結果，后果”；calamity意為“災禍，災難”；severity意為“嚴重”。

句意：同盟國遭受傷亡的人數(shù)不到20，而敵人的傷亡據(jù)說很高。

14.單選題

Mothersandmatchmakershavealwaysknownthatnotbeingmoniedisadefinitehealthhazard.ButwhenateamofresearchfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,reportedafewweeksagothatmiddle-agedmenwithoutwiveswereactuallytwiceaslikelytodieduringa10-yearspanasmenwithwives,theespousedandthespouselessalikestoppedtotakenotice.Itwasthekindofnewsthatsweptthroughofficesandwateringholes—anditmadepeoplefeelsmugandanxious,dependingontheircircumstances.Nowtheresearcherswhoconductedthestudyaretryingtofindoutwhataccountedforthedramaticdifferencesinsurvivalrates.

Theinvestigators,headedbyUCSFassociateprofessorofepidemiologyandbiostatisticsMaradeeA.Davis,hadsetcuttoexaminetheeffectofvariouslivingarrangementsonmortality.Becauseofthebutteringsocialsupportmarriageisknowntoprovide.Davisandhercolleaguesfullyexpectedtofindthatmenandwomendwellingalonefaredworstinsurvivalrates.Itcameassomesurprise,however,thatintheirstudypopulation,subjectswhosharedlivingquarterswithpeopleotherthanaspousehadthesamelowersurvivalratesasthosewholivedbythemselves."Thecriticalfactor,"Davissays,"seemstobethepresenceofaspouse."

Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouselesswerefoundprimarilyinmenwhowerewidowed,separatedordivorced,ratherthaninthosewhohadneverbeenmarried.Davisandhercolleagueshavealreadyeliminatedcertainhealthfactorsascausesofhighermortalitybyadjustingtheirdatatodiscounttheeffectsofsmoking,alcoholconsumption,obesityandlackofexercise.Nowtheywilllookmorecloselyatavarietyofotherconsiderations,suchasbloodpressure,cholestericlevelsandchronicillnesses.

Whilemanymiddle-agedmennowknowthedifferencebetweenacheesegraterandagarlicpress,nutritionmaystillaccountforsomeoftheCaliforniastudy'sfindings.PreviousresearchbyDavis'teamshowedthatunmarriedman-eveniftheylivedwithotherpeople—atelesshealthydietsthanmarriedme.'Traditionalsexroleshavemeantthatmenaren'taswellinformedaswomenaboutnutritionalshoppingandfoodpreparation,"saysDavis.

Emotionalandsocialfactorsprobablyalsoplayedaroleinhighermortalityamongthespouselessmen.TheSanFranciscoresearcherswillexaminearandomlyselectedsubgroupoftheirstudypopulationformoredetailedmedicaldata,andthey'lllookatatraittheycall“generalwell-being.”Thisfocusesonsubjectivelyreportedfeelingsandmoods,ratherthanspecificpsychologicalsymptoms.Theresearcherswillanalyzequestionnairesthataskedhowfrequentlythemenfeltworried,nervousorpoorlyrested.Buttheteamwillalsolookatthecausesofdeath;ifthemenwithoutwivesshowhigherratesofsuicideorfatalaccidents,it'slikelythatemotionalstresscontributedtotheirhighermortalityrate.

Davishasalreadydiscoveredthatthemarriedmenreportedasignificantlyhigherlevelofwell-beingthanthosewhoweren'tmarried.Soperhapstheexplanationfortheirlongersurvivalisn'treallysocomplicated.Becausetheyarecaredforbynurturingwives,theyjustplainlyfeelhappierthantheotherguysdo.Andwhatbetterreasonistherethanthatforstayingalive?

1.Whenresearchersreportedthatmiddle-agedmenwithoutwivesweretwiceaslikelytodieduringa10-yearspanasmenwithwives（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,aman（）waslikelytohavethelowestsurvivalrates.

3.Theword"discount"(line4ofparagraph3)mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Theword"this"inline4ofparagraph5refersto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.peoplefeltbothpleasedandworried

B.peoplefeltsoshockedthattheytoldoneanotheraboutthenews

C.peoplefeltthattheoldsaying"Nonewsisgoodnews"isreallytrue

D.peopleunderdifferentcircumstancesreacteddifferentlytoit

問題2選項

A.whowaswidowed,separatedordivorced

B.whohadneverbeenmarried

C.whowaslivingwithhiswife

D.whosharedlivingquarterswithpeople

問題3選項

A.overlook

B.understate

C.discontent

D.overstate

問題4選項

A.highermortality

B.arandomlyselectedsubgroup

C.atrait

D.moredetailedmedicaldata

問題5選項

A.ForaLongerLife,TakeaWife.

B.ANewSurveyonSurvivalRates.

C.TheEspousedandtheSpouseless.

D.LivingArrangementsandMortality

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Itwasthekindofnewsthatsweptthroughofficesandwateringholes—anditmadepeoplefeelsmugandanxious,dependingontheircircumstances.”這類新聞席卷了辦公室和酒吧,人們既高興又焦慮,當然這取決于他們所處的環(huán)境。選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouselesswerefoundprimarilyinmenwhowerewidowed,separatedordivorced,ratherthaninthosewhohadneverbeenmarried.”無配偶者的存活率較低,主要是喪偶、分居或離婚的男性,而非從未結過婚的男性。所以選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)原文句意：Davis和她的同事們已經(jīng)通過調整他們的數(shù)據(jù),排除了某些健康因素作為高死亡率的原因,對吸煙、飲酒、肥胖和缺乏鍛煉等影響忽略不計。由此可推斷,選項A與“discount”意思相近。

4.根據(jù)原文句意：他們將研究一種他們稱之為“總體幸福感”的特征。這個特征是主觀產(chǎn)生的感覺和情緒,而不是具體的心理癥狀。由此可知,“this”指代是上句提到的“trait”。選項C正確。

5.結合全文內容可知,本文首先介紹了婚姻狀況與死亡率密切相關,通過進一步調查發(fā)現(xiàn)死亡率與其他生活方式也有關聯(lián),由此可知,選項D最能概括全文。

15.單選題

Thesinger’sperformancewassoexcitingthatmanyofhisfanswere（

）enthusiasm.

問題1選項

A.stirredupwith

B.fantasizedwith

C.takebackwith

D.carriedawaywith

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。carryawaywith表示“使失去自制力”。句意：這位歌手的表演是如此令人興奮，以至于很多他的粉絲狂熱而失去了自制力。D項符合題意。fantasize幻想、想象；stirup煽動；takeback帶回。

16.單選題

Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain”sufferswithcivilization’severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetismandgravitation:theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredictedbutoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureoftheelectrificationofamber,ahardyellowishbrowngum.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really”are.“Electricity”,BertrandRussellsays,“isnotathinglikeSt.Paul’sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrifiedwehavetoldallthereistotell.”Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.AristotleforexamplewhosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprincipalthateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat’swheretheybelongandsmokegoesupbecausethat’swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModemsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.

1.Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentis（）.

2.Whatprincipalsmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousandyears?

3.BertrandRussell’snotionaboutelectricityis（）.

4.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea（）.

5.Modemsciencecameintobeing（）.

問題1選項

A.toexplainwhythingshappen

B.toexplainhowthingshappen

C.todescribeself-evidentprinciples

D.tosupportAristotelianscience

問題2選項

A.TheinfluenceofSt.Paul’s

B.Theforcesofelectricitymagnetismandgravity

C.Aristotle’snaturalscience

D.Galileo’sdiscoveries.

問題3選項

A.disapprovedofbymostmodemscientists

B.inagreementwithAristotle’stheoryofself-evidentprinciples

C.inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“how”thingshappen

D.inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“why”thingshappen

問題4選項

A.thattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse

B.thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces“really”are

C.thatthereareself-evidentprincipals

D.thatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo

問題5選項

A.whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroduced

B.whenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappen

C.whenAristotelianscientiststriedtoexplainwhythingshappen

D.whenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofreality

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“ModemsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.”，可知現(xiàn)代科學誕生于伽利略開始解釋事物是如何發(fā)生的，并由此產(chǎn)生了控制實驗的方法，這種方法現(xiàn)在構成了科學研究的基礎。可判斷出控制實驗的方法目的在于解釋事情是如何發(fā)生的。選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章,“AristotleforexamplewhosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.”，可知以亞里士多德為例，他的自然科學主宰了西方兩千年的思想，他相信人可以通過自明的原理進行推理來理解現(xiàn)實。可判斷出兩千多年來，對科學思想影響最大的原則是亞里士多德的自然科學。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章，“‘Electricity’,BertrandRussellsays,‘isnotathinglikeSt.Paul’sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrifiedwehavetoldallthereistotell.’”，可知羅素對電的看法是：電不是一種物質，而是一種事物表現(xiàn)的方式，當我們解釋了事物通電時的表現(xiàn)，以及在什么情況下通電時，我們已經(jīng)解釋了所有。可判斷出羅素關于電的解釋與科學調查的結果相一致，其目的是弄清事情是如何發(fā)生的。選項C符合題意。

4.推斷題。文章提出隨著人類文明探索的進步，人類無法解釋一些神秘力量的本質，后面舉了羅素的和亞里士多德的觀點為例子，說明人類能夠通過對原理進行推理，解釋神秘力量的本質和事物為何發(fā)生。可判斷出最近科學家才開始同意現(xiàn)代科學能夠對科學中的神秘力量進行解釋。選項B符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“ModemsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.”，可知現(xiàn)代科學誕生于伽利略開始解釋事物是如何發(fā)生的，并由此產(chǎn)生了控制實驗的方法，這種方法現(xiàn)在構成了科學研究的基礎。可判斷出當控制實驗方法首次被引入時，現(xiàn)代科學誕生了。選項A符合題意。

17.翻譯題

人類文明——任何形式的人類文明，都可以說是一種大的信息系統(tǒng)。第一個階段是語言，有了語言才能共同占有經(jīng)驗，才能集體記憶，才能集體積累知識。然后便是記寫，記寫提供了一種不太容易消失的、更容易傳遞的記憶形式。之后便出現(xiàn)了印刷，從而使信息傳播大大增加。

現(xiàn)代電子學正在為我們提供嶄新而功能更強的方法，來收集、加工、處理和傳遞。正是這種發(fā)展的一個非凡特征，才使得能力的巨大提高卻沒有給能源或稀少的材料造成負擔。相反，設備變得越來越小，甚至在同樣的工作性能情況下，價格越來越便宜。只需要看袖珍計算器，微型計算機，電子表和電子游戲機，便可知道確實是如此。

【答案】Itcanbesaidthatanyformofhumancivilizationisalargeinformationsystem.Thefirststageislanguage.Onlywithlanguagecanweshareexperienceandhavecollectivememoryaswellasaccumulateknowledgecollectively.Thesecondstepistowritedown.Writinghasofferedaformofmemorythatislesslikelytodisappearandmoreeasilytransmitted.Thenprintinggreatlyhasincreasedthedisseminationofinformation.

Modernelectronicsisprovidinguswithnewandmorepowerfulwaystocollect,process,processanddeliver.Itisaremarkablefeatureofthisdevelopmentthatgreatlyincreasesabilitywithoutposingburdenonenergyorscarcematerials.Rather,devicesaregettingsmallerandevencheaperunderthesameperformanceconditions,whichisprovedbypocketcalculator,microcomputer,electronicwatchandelectronicgamemachine.

18.不定項選擇題

AtimelystudyinthejournalHumanFactorssuggestswhytextingwhiledrivingisriskierthantalkingonacellphoneorwithanotherpassenger.Ergonomics（人類工程學）researchersattheUniversityofUtahfoundthattextersinadrivingsimulatorhadmorecrashes,respondedmoreslowlytobrakelightsoncarsinfrontofthem,andshowedmoreimpairmentinforwardandlateralcontrolthandiddriverswhotalkedonacellphonewhiledrivingordrovewithouttexting.ResearchersFrankDrewsandcolleaguesfoundevidencethatattentionpatternsdifferfordriverswhotextversusthosewhoconverseonacellphone.Inthelattercase,theresearcherssay,“driversapparentlyattempttodivideattentionbetweenaphoneconversationanddriving,adjustingtheprocessingpriorityofthetwoactivitiesdependingontaskdemands.”Buttextingrequiresdriverstoswitchtheirattentionfromonetasktotheother.Whensuchattention-switchingoccursasdriverscompose,read,orreceiveatext,theiroverallreactiontimesaresubstantiallyslowerthanwhenthey’reengagedinaphoneconversation.Thetypeoftextingactivityalsoappearstomakeadifference;inthisstudy,readingmessagesaffectedbrakingtimesmorethandidcomposingthem.

Thehazardsoftextingwhiledrivingcontinuetoreceivebroadnationalandinternationalattentionasaccidentratesattributedtothispracticeincrease.Asaresult,agrowingnumberofU.S.citiesandstates,aswellasCanadianprovinces,bantextingwhileoperatingavehicle.Drewsetal,notedthataccordingtoCTIA,morethan1trilliontextmessagesweresentin2008intheUnitedStatesalone.Tofindwhyandhowmuchdriversareimpairedduringtexting,theresearchersengaged20menand20womenbetweentheagesof19and23inbothasingletask(straightdriving)andadualtask(drivingandtexting)inahigh-fidelitysimulator.Theparticipants,experiencedtexterswithanaverageof4.75yearsofdrivingexperience,receivedandsentmessageswhiletheresearchersobservedtheirbrakeonsettime,followingdistance,lanemaintenance,andcollisions.

Thecrashriskattributabletotextingissubstantial.Onepossibleexplanationisthatdriverswhotexttendtodecreasetheirminimumfollowingdistanceandalsoexperiencedelayedreactiontime.Forexample,intheDrewsetal.study,drivers’medianreactiontimeincreasedby30%whentheyweretextingand9%whentheytalkedonthephone,comparedwiththeirperformanceinadriving-onlycondition.

Notwithstandingthesafetyriskoftextingwhiledriving,previousresearchbyDrewsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofUtah―nottomentioncrashdataandwidespreadlegislation―makesclearthatusingaphonewhiledrivingisdangerous.

1.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

2.Atexterwhiledrivingintendsto（）.

3.Whytextingwhiledrivingismoredangerousthanconversingonacell-phone?

4.Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

問題1選項

A.Comparedwithtalkingonacell-phone,itismoredangeroustotalkwithanotherpassenger.

B.Whiledriving,textingisriskierthantalkingonacell-phone.

C.Moreaccidentshappenedduetotextingwhiledriving.

D.Whiledriving,peopletendtoreactmoreslowlywhentheyaretexting.

問題2選項

A.beabletopayenoughattentiontocarscomingfrombothsidesofhis/herc