書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-南華大學船山學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldnot（

）theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問題1選項

A.reconcile

B.comply

C.coincide

D.resign

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項reconcile“調和，使一致”；B選comply“遵守，順從”；C選項coincide“一致，符合”；D選項resign“辭職”。句意：由于這對夫婦無法調和他們之間的分歧，他們決定離婚。選項A符合句意。

2.單選題

Condemnedtodeath,Socratescouldhaveescapedbutchosetodiebydrinkingpoison—seekingtrutheventothe______end.

問題1選項

A.strong

B.dead

C.dying

D.lethal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項strong“強壯的”；B選項dead“無生命的；呆板的；廢棄了的”；C選項dying“垂死的；臨終的；瀕臨消亡的；快要結束的”；D選項lethal“致命的”。句意：判處死刑，蘇格拉底本可以逃脫但選擇喝……毒藥尋求真理。根據poison（毒藥），A，B，C項都不能與poison（毒藥）進行搭配，結合句意，選項D為正確答案。

3.單選題

Thehospitalisnowdiscounting10standardoperations,________havingababytoundergoingaheartbypass.

問題1選項

A.rangingfrom

B.covering

C.consistingof

D.comprising

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項“從……到……”；B選項“覆蓋，包含”；C選項“包括，組成”；D選項“包括”。句意：這家醫院現在不考慮（做）10種標準手術，（）接生到心臟搭橋手術。從句子關鍵詞“to”，選項中和to搭配的只有rangefrom...to；所以答案選A。consistof和comprise后面列舉的例子一般用and連接。

4.單選題

Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguistics?

2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

3.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

4.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconductedbecause______.

5.Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.

B.Thesecondlanguage.

C.Theforeignlanguage.

D.Secondlanguageacquisition.

問題2選項

A.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,someforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.

B.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,anyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.

C.SLAresearchexaminesforeignlanguagelearning.

D.SLAresearchexaminesfirstlanguagelearning.

問題3選項

A.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework

B.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldnotbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.

C.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavebeentreateddifferentlyinsecondlanguageacquisitionframework

D.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavenotbeentreatedindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework

問題4選項

A.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework

B.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework.

C.learningathirdlanguageisnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.

D.learningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage

問題5選項

A.InsideSLA

B.OutsideSLA

C.FutureofSLA

D.ThethirdlanguageandSLA

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。由文章中的Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.（第二語言和外語學習之間的區別在于第二語言習得領域可能導致困惑，第二語言習得是應用語言學的一個分支學科，旨在了解人們如何學習第二語言以及影響他們語言學習的因素）可知選D。

2.細節事實題。由文章中的SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.（第二語習得研究不僅研究第二語言學習，而且也研究任何外語、第三或第四語言學習）可知選B。

3.細節事實題。由文章中的Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.（由于語言學習的復雜性，我們發現第二語習得著作通常把在同樣的第二語言習得框架里討論第二語言和外語學習）可知D選項“第二語言和外語學習一直沒有在不同的的第二語言習得框架里討論”符合題意。

4.細節事實題。由文章中的Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.（當然，我們知道學習第三語言并不一定等同于學習第二語言）可知D選項“學習第三語言不一定等于學習第二語言”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了第二語言習得（SLA）研究的內容與目的，根據文章最后一句Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.（隨著研究的深入，第三語言或第四語言習得的理論框架將逐漸形成）可知C選項“第二語言習得的未來”符合題意。

5.單選題

Theactualprocessbywhichcoalisextractediswell（

）,ifyougetthechanceandarewillingtotakethetrouble.

問題1選項

A.worthwatching

B.worthtobewatched

C.worthywatching

D.worthytobewatched

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。worth“值得的”；beworthdoing“值得做”；worthy“值得的，有價值的”。句意：如果有機會而且你也不怕費事，采煤的實際過程還是很值得一看的。根據句意及搭配可知A項正確，答案A

6.單選題

Thetradeunionsinthisindustryare（

）anyreductioninwages.

問題1選項

A.objectingagainst

B.opposedto

C.resistingagainst

D.reactedto

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據句中關鍵詞“anyreductioninwages工資的任何減少”和四個選項的對應構成選擇固定搭配“beopposedtosth反對某事”的B項正確。英語中一般不用“objectagainst”或“resistagainst”的搭配；英語中沒有“bereactedtosth.”這種搭配，一般用“reactedtosth.對某事起反應”。句意為：這個行業的工會反對任何減薪。故正確答案選B。

7.單選題

Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theByzantineempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600,anditsremainingareawasbeingraidedbyArabsandBulgarians,whoattimesthreatenedtotakeConstantinopleand（

）theempirealtogether.

問題1選項

A.regain

B.diminish

C.extinguish

D.withstand

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項regain“恢復；收回”；B選項diminish“減少；縮小”；C選項extinguish“熄滅；使破滅，消除”；D選項withstand“抵擋；反抗”。句意：到8世紀初，拜占庭帝國已經失去了公元600年所擁有的大約三分之二的領土，其剩余的領土遭到阿拉伯人和保加利亞人的襲擊，他們有時威脅要占領君士坦丁堡，把整個帝國……。由句意可知，C選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Thespontaneousmovementofwateracrossamembrane,（

）gradientofwaterconcentrationiscalledosmosis.

問題1選項

A.drivesa

B.drivenbya

C.hasdriven

D.drove

【答案】B

【解析】語法（分詞短語做后置定語）題。首先固定搭配‘agradientof’，所以排除C和D選項，其次，Thespontaneousmovement與空格后的gradientofwaterconcentration是被動關系，所以B選項的過去分詞短語做主語的后置定語正確。整句話的句意是‘在水的濃度梯度驅使下，水分子通過半透膜的自主運動叫做滲透作用’。

9.單選題

IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.

Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.

Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.

TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.

OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.

SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?

3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.

4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.

5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.

問題1選項

A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcentury

B.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountries

C.theAmericanfrontierspirit

D.Americanhonesty

問題2選項

A.GoWest.

B.Bravethewildness.

C.Overcomedangersandhardships.

D.Travelfromplacetoplace.

問題3選項

A.coldweatheredandlackofwater

B.Indianraids

C.floodsandwildness

D.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks

問題4選項

A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguage

B.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperity

C.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagement

D.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains

問題5選項

A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtoday

B.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtoday

C.Americantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwest

D.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。從19世紀的西進運動再到當今美國人的西進精神，本文主要講了美國的拓荒精神，即美國人的勇氣和進取心，以及能吃苦的精神。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對和克服許多危險和困難。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艱苦的勞動和激烈的競爭使邊疆人生活艱難，他們的語言也是如此。”以及最后一段“SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人覺得美國的拓荒精神已經不存在了。但它以多種方式表現出來。美國人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會跋涉數百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進取心，這在大多數較老的歐洲國家是不常見的。”可知拓荒精神體現為能克服危險和困難，有勇氣和進取心。故C項正確。

3.細節事實題。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對和克服許多危險和困難。”“Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴風雪可能會毀掉他的牲畜，許多拓荒者自己也被凍死了。在夏天，一個拓荒者可能會無助地站在一邊，看著他的牛死去或莊稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他時候，洪水可能會沖走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危險來自印第安人的襲擊。”以及第四段第一句“TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.在十九世紀中葉，對于一個愛好和平的拓荒者來說，最大的危險可能不是來自自然條件或印第安人，而是來自拓荒者。”可知早期拓荒者面臨自然災害的威脅以及印第安人的襲擊。故D項正確。

4.細節事實題。由倒數第二段“OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.在去西方的路上，一個人的成功或失敗在很大程度上取決于他的實力和管理能力。可知C項“拓荒者的成敗取決于他的力量與管理能力”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.美國人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會跋涉數百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進取心，這在大多數較老的歐洲國家是不常見的。”可知當今美國人的拓荒精神體現為勇氣和進取心。故B項正確。

10.單選題

___foryourhelp,Icouldnothaveaccomplishedthedissertation.

問題1選項

A.Haditbeennot

B.Hadnotitbeen

C.Hadnotbeenit

D.Haditnotbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當主句：主語+should/would/could/might+havedone，從句：If主語+had+done，表示和過去事實相反的情況，其中if可以省略。虛擬語氣if省略時，句中的動詞were、had或should和主語倒裝，構成部分倒裝：只需要將謂語中的助動詞或情態動詞置于主語之前。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

AfterSundaynight’sconcert,SteveandOtishadaloudargumentwiththebanddirector,which（）firstOtis’sdeparture,thenSteve’s.

問題1選項

A.contributed

B.highlighted

C.procrastinated

D.precipitated

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。contribute“貢獻”；highlight“突出，強調”；procrastinate“耽擱”；precipitate“使壞事等突然發生”。句意：星期天晚上的音樂會之后，史蒂夫和奧蒂斯與樂隊指揮大吵了一架，最終使史蒂夫和奧蒂斯突然離開。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous,Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”

“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit,”Edwardadmits.NowCasperisatOxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,whenliewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook,“TeachYourChildrenHowtoThink”，inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.

Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?‘‘Youknow,”EdwarddeBonosays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.Butthefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.

1.WhatisTRUEaboutCasper?

2.CaspersucceededinapplyingtoOxfordbecause（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatEdward（

）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsexpressesEdwarddeBono’sview?

5.LateralthinkingreferstothefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.HeisEdward'sson.

B.Heisanadventurousthinker.

C.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.

D.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.

問題2選項

A.hewascarefulandoftenoverworked

B.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance

C.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfather

D.hereadthebook"TeachYourChildHowtoThink”beforetheexam

問題3選項

A.waslikelytoimprovechildren’slogicwithhisbook

B.gaveadescriptionoflateralthinkingseveralyearsafterhissonwasborn.

C.waspromptedtostudylateralthinkingbecausehissonwasslightlydyslexic

D.oncetaughtbusinessmenhowtothinkbeforehewroteforparentsandchildren

問題4選項

A.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.

B.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoteachchildrentothink.

C.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.

D.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.

問題5選項

A.improvingone’slogicinthinking

B.improvingone’sperceptioninthinking

C.seeingtheimplicationsofwhatyouaresaying

D.exploringthealternativesforwhatyouaresaying

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據文章第一段第二句，“”YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous…”，根據轉折連詞but，可判斷你可以想象卡斯帕是一個敢于大膽的思考者，但是事實相反。選項B可排除。根據文章第一句，“Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967…”，可知橫向思維在1967年由愛德華?波諾首次提出，所以不是卡斯帕首次提出的。根據文章第一段，“Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap…”，可知卡斯珀的父母擔心，每當他在學校說一些聰明的話時，他的老師可能會叱責他，可判斷出卡斯珀被老師叱責是父母擔心的事，并沒有提到實際發生。根據排除法，選項A符合題意。

2.細節事實題。根據文章第二段，“‘Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,’hisfathersays,‘usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.’”，可知然后他運用父親的思考方式進行了練習，最后考試考得非常好。可判斷出Casper成功考入牛津大學的原因是運用了父親提供的方法和技巧。選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據文章第二段，“…hetransformsthethinkingskills….”，可知愛德華的書是用來傳播他的思考技巧，是為了教孩子們如何思考，并未提及邏輯思維，選項A可排除。根據文章第一段第一句，“Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.”，可知1967年，愛德華?波諾(EdwarddcBono)首次描述了“橫向思維”，是在愛德華的兒子出生的前幾年提出的。可判斷出并不是在兒子出生后才描述了橫向思維，選項B可排除。因為愛德華在兒子出生前幾年就提出了橫向思維，所以不是因為兒子的原因而去研究這種方法，選項C可排除。根據文章第二段最后一句，“…hetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.”，可知他將自己用來培養商人思維的技能轉化為供父母和孩子們分享的非正式練習。可判斷出愛德華在為父母和孩子寫作之前，曾教商人如何思考。選項D符合題意。

4.細節事實題。根據文章第三段，“Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”，可知愛德華認為我們常常思考效率低下，因為我們的視野太有限。選項C為文章的原話，選項C符合題意。

5.細節事實題。根據文章第三段，“‘TeachYourChildHowtoThink’offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.”，可知《教你的孩子如何思考》這本書提供認知改善的課程，清楚地了解你所說的話的含義，并探索其他選擇。可判斷出橫向思維涉及的方面包括提升思維認知能力，了解說話的含義以及探索自己所說的話的其他可供選擇的表達，不包括提升邏輯思考能力。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Mrs.Lackeywasawakenedbytheringingofthebedsidephone12hoursafterherhusband’sboathadbeen（

）.

問題1選項

A.wrecked

B.collapsed

C.decayed

D.fired

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項wrecked“破壞，毀滅，船舶失事”；B選項collapsed“倒塌，崩潰”；C選項decayed“腐爛，衰退”；D選項fired“點火，激發”。句意：在她丈夫的船失事12個小時后，Lackey夫人被床邊的電話鈴聲吵醒。選項A符合語境。

14.單選題

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalableskillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills.”Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsinteachingarenotnowassalableastheywereduringthepast20years,andthepopulationchartsindicatetheymaynotbesoonagain.Homeconstructionskillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecourseveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

ASchoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,anabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthispassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisinfavorof

______.

2.Theword“fluctuate”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolsshould______.

問題1選項

A.teachingpracticalskillsthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

問題2選項

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

問題3選項

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself

B.Aconstructionworker

C.Acarrepairman

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills

問題4選項

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.（在一個人們可以自由學習他們想要的東西、在他們想要的地方工作、在他們想要的地方投資的社會里，我們不可能使勞動力的供求完全一致）可知作者沒有特地支持哪一種教育，而是支持他們自由地學習。C選項“自由的教育”，符合文章內容，C選項正確。A選項“教授一些實用的技能，這些技能可以在當前的就業市場上得到銷售”，作者在文中寫到，不確定哪些技能值得推銷，可排除A選項。B選項“隨時代變化的靈活課程”，文章沒有提到此內容，可排除。D選項“保持勞動力市場供求平衡”，文章提到并不能做到勞動力供求一致，D選項可排除。因此C選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段Homeconstructionskillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates（隨著就業市場的波動，住房建造技能的變化是銷售能力變化的另一個例子）。選項B“不規則的變化”，文章所說，就業市場的波動，可以理解為不規則的變化，選項B正確。選項A“保持穩定”，不符合文章的內容，可排除。選項C“依照成法”，不符合文章內容，可排除。D選項“日就衰敗”，不符合文章內容，可排除。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough（但如果這些技能很受歡迎，如果學習能讓他們更好地了解周圍的世界，并能更好地適應不斷變化的世界，那么他們就沒有受騙。他們很快就會找到工作的）。由此句可推測，那些擁有自學能力的人，可以在高失業率下找到工作。A選項“有自學能力的人”，符合文章內容，A選項正確。B選項“建筑工人”，文章沒有提到此內容，B選項排除。C選項“汽車修理工”，文章沒有提到這個內容，可排除。D選項“一個有相當多的銷售技巧的人”，一所完全致力于銷售技能的學校，尤其是在高失業率的時候，就是把男女送進虎穴，可排除D選項。因此A選項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節事實題。根據題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.（學會了如何學習的人可以在校外學習。那是我們大多數人學會做我們所做的事情的地方，而不是在學校。學會學習是最高的自由技能之一）。由此句可推測，要學會如何學習，關注適應變化的能力。D選項“關注適應變化的能力”，符合文章內容，因此D選項正確。A選項“預測技能在未來就業市場的銷售能力”，銷售能力只是有限的技能，A選項排除。B選項“把當前的就業市場也考慮進去”，文章沒有提到這個內容，可排除。C選項“考慮什么技能是可以銷售的”，文章沒有提到這個內容，可排除C選項。因此D選項正確。

15.單選題

Itwillbesafertowalkthestreetsbecausepeoplewillnotneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash;virtuallyallfinancial（）willbeconductedbycomputer.

問題1選項

A.transmissions

B.transitions

C.transactions

D.transformations

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事實上，所有的資金交易都將由計算機來處理，人們將不需要攜帶大量的現金，所以在街上閑逛將會更安全。

考查名詞辨析。transmission傳送，傳遞，傳達，傳播，傳染；transition過渡，轉變，轉換；transaction交易，事務；transformation轉化，轉換，改革，變形。由句意“人們將不需要攜帶大量的現金”可知C正確。

16.單選題

Humansare______,which

enablesthemtomakedecisionsevenwhentheycan’t

justify

why.

問題1選項

A.rational

B.reasonable

C.hesitant

D.intuitive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rational“合理的；理智的”；reasonable“公道的，通情達理的”；hesitant“遲疑的，猶豫不定的”；intuitive“直覺的，憑直覺獲知的”。句意：人類是有直覺的，這讓他們在找不到合適的理由時也能做決定。因此選項D符合題意。

17.單選題

Itwouldbe（）tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.

問題1選項

A.subtle

B.feeble

C.nasty

D.naive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。subtle“微妙的，精細的”；feeble“微弱的，無力的”；nasty“骯臟的”；naive“天真的”。句意：以為那樣便可以解決這個領域所有問題真的是太天真了。選項D符合題意。

18.單選題

Singapore-basedcompanyPolychemyisusing3Dprinterstomakepersonalizedjewelry—thinknameplatenecklaces（）inadozenlanguages,orsportsteamlogopendants.

問題1選項

A.precious

B.preferred

C.available

D.customizable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項precious表示“寶貴的，珍貴的”，B選項preferred表示“優先的，首選的”，C選項available表示“可獲得的，有空的，可利用的”，D選項customizable表示“可定制的”。由后文關鍵信息“inadozenlanguages”可知，這些銘牌是可以用十幾種語言表述出來的，因此，制作多種語言的銘牌是可實現的，能做到的。故本題正確答案為C選項。

19.單選題

OnceIwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,mychoicewouldbeboundtoberelatively______.

問題1選項

A.arbitrary

B.irrational

C.indispensable

D.negligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項arbitrary“任意的；武斷的；專制的”，是由偶然、一時興起或沖動而非由必然、推理或原則決定的；B選項irrational“不合理的（即與理想狀況相比有差距）；無理性的；荒謬的”；C選項indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對必要的；責無旁貸的”；D選項negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”。句意：一旦我不知道其中的關鍵點，我的選擇必然是相對______。如果不知道關鍵點，做出選擇前心里就不會有一個理想答案，所以選擇就會相對隨意，所以A選項正確。

20.單選題

“Letmesendyouourbrochure”isprobablythemostcommonlyusedphraseinbusiness.Butalltoooften,itcanspelltheendofacustomerenquirybecausemanybrochuresappeartobeproducednottoclarifyandtoexcitebuttoconfuse.Sowhatgoeswrongandhowcanitbeputright?Toooften,businessesfailtoaskthemselvescriticalquestionslike,“Whowillthebrochurebesentto?”“Whatdowewanttoachievewithit?”Thetruthisthatabrochurehasusuallybeenproducedfornootherreasonthanthatthecompetitionhasone.

However,withalittleresearch,itoftentranspiresthatwhattheclientwantsisamixture:partmailshot,partglossycorporatebrochureandpartproductcatalogue—acombinationrarelyfound.Havingsaidthat,thebudgetislikelytobefinite.Theremaynotbeenoughmoneytomeetallthreemarketingneeds,sothefirsttaskistoplanthebrochure,takingintoaccountthemostsignificantofthese.Theotherrequirementswillhavetobemetinadifferentway.Afterall,introducingthecompany’sproductrangetonewcustomersbymailisadifferenttaskfromsellinganewseason’scollectiontoexistingcustomers.

Thesecondtaskistogetthecontentright.In95percentofcases,acompanywillhireadesignertooverseethelayout,sothefinalproductlooksstylish,interestingandprofessional;buttheydon’tgetacopywriterorsomeonewiththerightexpertisetoproducethetext,oratleasttidyitup—andthisshows.Abiggerfailingistoproduceabrochurethatisnotcustomerfocused.Yourbrochureshouldcoverareasofinteresttothecustomer,concentratingonthebenefitsofbuyingfromyou.

Instead,thousandsofbrochuresstartwithahistory