書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-南京工業職業技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound____inthewoodsoffthehighway.

問題1選項

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.vanished突然消失；絕跡B.scattered分散

C.abandoned丟棄D.rejected拒絕

【答案】C

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格前后語義為“Lee一家丟失的汽車被發現____在高速公路旁的樹林里。”根據前后語義可知，丟失的汽車被別人遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里，C選項abandoned“丟棄”符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】Lee一家丟失的汽車被發現遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里。

2.單選題

Hamlet______hisfather’sdeathonhisuncle.

問題1選項

A.reserved

B.reverted

C.revenged

D.revealed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項reverse“顛倒、撤銷、反轉”；B項revert“回復、重提”；C項revenge“報復、復仇”；D項reveal“顯示、透露、揭露”；句意：哈姆雷特向叔叔報了殺父之仇。revengeon“向……報復”；因此該題C項正確。

3.單選題

Lifeisacandle（

）toburnevenbrighter.?

問題1選項

A.beingmeant

B.meaning

C.tomean

D.meant

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。根據句中關鍵詞“burnevenbrighter越燃越亮”的對應知這里指代“人們希望蠟燭（或蠟燭應該）越燃越亮”；再由“mean”一詞在表示“主觀希望”時一般用被動語態知D項“meant（其完整形式應該為whichismeant）”正確。故正確答案選D。

4.單選題

Charleshasnottheleast（

）ofgivinguphisresearch.

問題1選項

A.idea

B.intention

C.mind

D.desire

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。idea“主意”；intention“意圖，意向”；mind“想法，感覺”；desire“愿望，欲望”。句意：查爾斯絲毫沒有打算放棄他的研究的意向。答案B

5.單選題

Whenoneofmyroommatesbrokehislegduringabasketballgame,thedoctorattheclinicsaidthathecouldn’tcureit,sowehadtotakehimtothehospitalfivekilometersfromhere.

問題1選項

A.brokehislegduring

B.attheclinic

C.couldn’tcureit

D.thehospitalfivekilometersfromhere.

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】介詞誤用。During改成in。during表示“在…期間“，其強調動作的延續性，但brokehisleg是發生在某一特定時點的并無時間上持續性的動作。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

確定目的后，原告必須考慮在什么法院起訴最能實現其目的。他必須在聯邦法院起訴?在州法院?或兩者可選其一?若在州法院，在哪一州?若在聯邦法院，該在全國86個轄區中的哪個區？在此存在許多考量，有些過于技術的我們便不在本文中論及。然而，并非所有案件的原告都會面臨選擇難題。如上所述，有些案件只能在聯邦法院提起，且事實上只能在一所特定的聯邦法院.。

【答案】Aftermakinghisdecision,theplaintiffmustconsiderhowtoselectadequatecourttosue,e.g.thefederalcourt,stateoneorthosearethetwoalternatives.Ifgoingtothestatecourt,heneedthinkaboutchoosingwhich;orthefederalcourt,hehastochooseadistrictfromnational’s86jurisdictions.Becausetherearemanyfactorstobeestimated,itisnotconvenientforustodiscusssomeknowhowsherein.Butnotallplaintiffsshouldbefacedwiththedilemma.Asstated,atypeofcasemaybeheardonlyinthefederalcourt,andinfactonlyinaspecialone.

7.單選題

Feministcriticshavelongdebatedtheextenttowhichgenderplaysaroleinthecreationandinterpretationoftexts.Androgynistpoetics,rootedinmid-Victorianwomen’swriting,contendsthatthecreativemindissexless,butfromthe1970son,manyfeministcriticsrejectedtheideaofthegenderless,mind,findingthattheimaginationcannotevadeconsciousorunconsciousstructuresofgenderwhichispartofculture-determinationwhereseparatingimaginationfromtheselfisimpossible.

TheFemaleAesthetic,expressingauniquefemaleconsciousnessinliterature,spokeofthe“femalevernacular,theMotherTongue,apowerfulbutneglectedwomen’sculture”.VirginiaWoolfdiscusseshowawomanwriterseekswithinherself“thepools,thedepths,thedarkplaceswherethelargestfishslumber”,inevitablycollidingagainstherownsexualitytoconfront“somethingaboutthebody,aboutthepassions”.Accessibletomenandwomenalike,butrepresentingfemalesexualmorphology,thismethodsoughtawayofwritingwhichliterallyembodiedthefemale,therebyfightingthesubordinating,linearstyleofclassificationordistinction.

ItmustbeadmittedthatthereareproblemswiththeFemaleAestheticthatfeministcriticsthemselvesrecognized.Forinstance,theyavoideddefiningexactlywhatconstitutedtheirwritingstyle,asanydefinitionwouldthencategorizeitandsafelysubsumeitasagenreunderthelinearpatriarchalstructure—itsveryrestlessnessandambiguitydefiedidentificationaspartofitsidentity.SomefeministsandwomenwriterscouldfeelexcludedbythesurrealityoftheFemaleAestheticanditsstressonthebiologicalformsoffemaleexperience,whichalsobearcloseresemblancetoessentialism.Menmaytrytheirhandatwritingwoman’sbodies,butaccordingtothefeministcritique,onlyawomanwhoseverybiologygaveheranedgecouldreadthesetextssuccessfully—apositionwhich,worstofall,riskedmarginalizationofwomen’sliteratureandtheory.

Later,Gynocriticsattemptedtoresolvesomeoftheseproblems,byagreeingthatwomen’sliteraturelayasthecentralconcernforfeministcriticismbutrejectingtheconceptofanessentialfemaleidentityandstyle,whilesimultaneouslyseekingtoreviseFreudianstructuresbyemphasizingaPre-Oedipalphasewhereinthedaughter’sbondtohermotherinscribesthekeyfactoringenderidentity.MatriarchalvaluesdissolveintergenerationalconflictsandbuilduponafemaletraditionofliteratureratherthanthestruggleofOedipusandLaisatthecrossroads.Lastlyandmostpromisinginitsachievementofadelicatebalancearedevelopmentsofanover-archinggendertheory,whichconsidersgender,bothmaleandfemale,asasocialconstructionbuiltonbiologicaldifferences.Gendertheoryproposestoexploreideologicalinscriptionandtheliteraryeffectsofthesex/gendersystem,openinguptheliterarytheorystageandbringinginquestionsofmasculinityintofeministtheory.Takinggenderasafundamentalanalyticcategorybringsfeministcriticismfromthemargintothecenter,thoughitrisksdepoliticizingthestudyofwomen.

30.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthecontentofthepassage?

31.TheauthorspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingissuesthathavebeenconsideredintheevolutionoffeministliterarycriticismEXCEPT（）.

32.Theauthorrefersto“thelargestfish”(Paragraph2)primarilyinorderto（）.

33.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestriskposedbythefeministtheories,liketheFemaleAesthetic,whichposittheexistenceofan“essential”ornon-constructedgenderisin（）.

34.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorwoulddefinethe“delicatebalance”mentionedinthelastparagraphastheequilibriumbetween（）.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldmostlikelydescribetheevolutionoffeministliterarytheoryas（）.

問題1選項

A.AHistoricalOverviewofFeministLiteraryCriticism

B.EstablishingNewFeministConceptsofGender

C.ThePrecariousFeministCompromiseinPoliticsandArt

D.ANewTheoryofLiteraryCriticism

問題2選項

A.theplaceofwomenintheliterarycanon

B.thequestionofcultureindetermininggender

C.theroleofFreudintheorizinggenderidentity

D.theeffectofbiologicaldifferencesontextualstyle

問題3選項

A.suggestarefugefromthelonghistoryofsexistliterarycriticism

B.offerasenseofpoliticalpurposethatcanonlybeawakenedthroughliterature

C.articulatethepossibilityforescapefromtheconfinesofgenderedidentity

D.referenceauniquefeministidentitythatmustbeextractedsomehowfromthebody

問題4選項

A.creatingadead-endforfeministliterarycriticismbyattackingthenotionofanandrogynistpoetics

B.reinforcingsexistnotionsthatwomencannotemulatetheliterarystyleofmen

C.pushingfeministwritingoutofthemainstreambyarguingthatmenareunabletofullycomprehendwomen’swriting

D.relyingtooheavilyonthetheoriesofFreud,underwhichidentityistheproductofbiology

問題5選項

A.establishingtiesbetweengenerationsofwomenwritersandfightingpatriarchalinfluence

B.assigningtheproperweighttotheconceptofgenderassociallyconstructedandbiologicallyinherited

C.activelyfightingandpassivelydocumentingtheliteraryeffectsofthesex/gendersystem

D.avoidingmarginalizationonthepoliticalfringesandde-politicizationinthepoliticalmainstream

問題6選項

A.agradualmovementfromtheideaofgenderlesswritingtoawritingthatoriginatesinthewoman’sbody

B.ashiftbetweenadversarialcriticismtomoretolerantvarietiesofcriticism

C.aregularfluctuationbetweentheideaofgenderlessandgenderedwritingthatgraduallysettlesonacompromise

D.amoreorlessconstantpursuitofthegoalofestablishingauniquenicheforwomen’sliterature

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】30.主旨大意題。通讀全文，發現作者的寫作脈絡都是圍繞“FeministLiteraryCriticism”,原文首段是說Feministcriticshavelongdebatedtheextenttowhichgenderplaysaroleinthecreationandinterpretationoftexts.（女權主義評論者在性別對創造力和演繹能力的作用上存在爭議）文第二段是說TheFemaleAesthetic,expressingauniquefemaleconsciousnessinliterature,（女性審美在文學上表達出一種獨特的女性意識）；原文第三段是說ItmustbeadmittedthatthereareproblemswiththeFemaleAestheticthatfeministcriticsthemselvesrecognized.（女權主義評論者認識到并且承認女性審美存在一些問題）；原文第四段是說Later,Gynocriticsattemptedtoresolvesomeoftheseproblems（女性評論者試著解決其中的一些問題）。可見，全文應為“女性文學評論的歷史概述”。即可得出本題答案。

31.細節判斷題。選項A可定位至第二段第一句；選項B可定位至第三段；選項C可定位至第四段，選項D文中未提及。從而得出本題答案。

32.細節推斷題。根據題干信息，將信息點定位到原文第二段第二句VirginiaWoolfdiscusseshowawomanwriterseekswithinherself“thepools,thedepths,thedarkplaceswherethelargestfishslumber”,inevitablycollidingagainstherownsexualitytoconfront“somethingaboutthebody,aboutthepassions”（弗吉尼亞?伍爾夫（VirginiaWoolf）探討了一位女作家如何在自己內心尋找“池塘、深處、最大的魚睡覺的黑暗地方”，不可避免地與自己的性欲發生沖突，以面對“有關身體和激情的某些東西”。）根據“ownsexuality”,“thebody”,“thepassions”等信息判定“thelargestfish”指的是選項D。從而得出本題答案。

試題答案D

33.

信息推斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“thegreatestrisk”，將信息點定位到原文第三段最后一句Menmaytrytheirhandatwritingwoman’sbodies,butaccordingtothefeministcritique,onlyawomanwhoseverybiologygaveheranedgecouldreadthesetextssuccessfully—apositionwhich,worstofall,riskedmarginalizationofwomen’sliteratureandtheory.（女性主義批評認為只有女性才能夠解讀女性寫作的文本，而這一立場帶來的最大的風險是將女性文學與理論邊緣化）即可得出本題答案。

34.

細節事實題。根據題干關鍵詞“delicatebalance”，將信息點定位到原文最后一段第三句“Lastlyandmostpromisinginitsachievementofadelicatebalancearedevelopmentsofanover-archinggendertheory,whichconsidersgender,bothmaleandfemale,asasocialconstructionbuiltonbiologicaldifferences.（最后，在實現微妙的平衡方面最有希望的是一種包羅萬象的性別理論的發展，該理論認為性別，包括男性和女性，是建立在生理差異基礎上的社會結構。）根據“considersgender”“socialconstructionbuiltonbiologicaldifferences”即可得出本題答案。

35.信息歸納題。本文主要關于女性文學評論的歷史發展，根據原文第一段第一句Feministcriticshavelongdebatedtheextenttowhichgenderplaysaroleinthecreationandinterpretationoftexts.（長期以來，女權主義批評家一直在爭論性別在文本的創作和解釋中所起的作用。），最后一段的“adelicatebalance”即可得出本題答案。

8.單選題

Andersonheldouthisarmsto（）theattack,butthesharkgrabbedhisrightforearmanddived.

問題1選項

A.turnoff

B.wardoff

C.triggeroff

D.calloff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項turnoff“關掉”；B選項wardoff“避開、擋住”；C選項triggeroff“引起、激起”；D選項calloff“取消、放棄”，句意為：安德森伸出雙臂擋住鯊魚的攻擊，但鯊魚咬住他的右前臂，潛入水中。wardoff“避開、擋住”符合題意，因此選B。

9.單選題

WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.

Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”，preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.

Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”，andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,andthefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.

InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting一alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”一has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-consumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightWadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-90sequivalentofdroppingout.

WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline—afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80s—andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.

Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80s,downshiftinginthemid-90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife_growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone—asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.

1.Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Thewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting（

）.

3.“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby（

）.

4.Theword“it”inthefirstsentenceofparagraphthreerefersto（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof（

）.

問題1選項

A.full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend

B.thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob

C.“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment

D.thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily

問題2選項

A.enableshertorealizeherdream

B.helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife

C.promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus

D.leadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine

問題3選項

A.non-materialisticlifestyle

B.abitofeverything.

C.extremestress

D.anti-consumerism

問題4選項

A.stress

B.doctrine

C.thealternativemove

D.downshifting

問題5選項

A.thequickpaceofmodemlife

B.man’sadventurousspirit

C.man’ssearchformythicalexperiences

D.theeconomicsituation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節題。第一段:Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”(一次平行的調動傷了我的自尊，并阻礙了我的事業發展，這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業，就像顏面掃盡的政府部長那樣，我也掩飾自己的離開，以“我想花更多的時間與家人待在一起”為借口),因此推測作者是“被迫離開”。故選B。

2.細節題。根據題干定位至第二段,作者說到:我被美國人所說的“放慢生活節奏”的實驗，把我老掉牙的借口變成了一個絕對的現實。在過去的七年里，琳達?凱爾西（LindaKelsey）在《她》雜志上宣揚的“擁有一切”哲學讓我從一個充滿激情的倡導者轉變為樂于接受任何東西，凡事只要一丁點的女人。因此B項(幫助她塑造一種新的人生哲學)正確。

3.語義題。根據題干定位至第三段文中提到放棄“juggling

yourlife”的生活哲學，轉而過一種“downshifting”的生活所帶來的回報，比經濟成功和社會地位更有價值。“jugglingyourlife”和“downshifting”相對立。根據第四段，“downshifting”本文指“過于簡樸、自在的生活”，那么“jugglingone’slife”當指“緊張的生活方式”。

4.語義題。It所在句子為:andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus(轉而過一種“放慢生活節奏”的生活所帶來的回報，比經濟成功和社會地位更有價值),故選D。

5.細節題。題干問的是downshifting”的生活方式出現在美國的原因。根據最后兩段得知,在美國，這種趨勢一開始是對經濟衰落所做出的一種反應。

10.單選題

Opinionpollsurveysshowthatthepublicseescientistsinaratherunflatteringlight.

Commonlythescientistisalsoseenasbeingmale.Itistruethatmostscientistsaremale,butthepictureofscienceasamaleactivitymaybeamajorreasonwhyfewergirlsthanboysoptforscience,exceptwhenitcomestobiology,whichisseenas"female".

Theimagemostpeoplehaveofscienceandscientistscomesfromtheirownexperienceofschoolscience,andfromthemassmedia_ScienceteachersthemselvesSeeitasaproblemthatsomanyschoolpupilsfindschoolscienceanunsatisfyingexperience,thoughoverthelastfewyearsmoreandmorepupils,includinggirls,haveoptedforsciencesubjects.

Inspiteofexcellentdocumentaries,andsomegoodpopularsciencemagazines,scientificmodesinthemediastillusuallyalternatebetweenmiracleandscientificthreat.Thepopularstereotypeofscienceislikethemagicoffairytales:ithaspotentialforenormousgoodorawfulharm.Popularfictionisfullof“good”scientistssavingtheworld,and"mad"scientiststryingtodestroyit.

Fromallthemanyscientificstorieswhichmightbegivenmediatreatment,thosewhicharechosenareusuallythosewhichcanbeframedintermsoftheusualnewsangles:novelty,threat,conflictorthebizarre.Theroutineandoftentediousworkofthescientistslipsfromview,tobereplaced:withapictureofscientistsforeveroffendingpublicmoralsensibilities(asinembryoresearch),threateningpublichealth(asinweaponsresearch),orfightingitoutwitheachother(ingivingevidenceatpublicenquiriessuchasthoseheldontheissuesconnectedwithnuclearpower).

Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork,depictingitastheproduct

ofindividualgenius,whileneglectingthesocialorganizationwhichmakesscientificworkpossible.Afurthereffectofthisisthatsciencecomestobeseenasathinginitself:akindofunpredictableforceatideofscientificprogress.

Itisnosuchthing,ofcourse.Scienceiswhatscientistsdo;whattheydoiswhataparticularkindofsocietyfacilitates,andwhatisclonewiththeirworkdependsverymuchonwhohasthepowertochangetheirdiscoveriesintotechnology,andwhattheirinterestsare.

1.Accordingtothepassage,ordinary-peoplehaveapooropinionofscienceandscientistspartlybecause（

）.

2.Fewergirlsthanboysstudysciencebecause

（

）.

3.Mediatreatmentofsciencetendstoconcentrateon

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,over-personalizationofscientificworkwillleadscience

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatascientistdoes（

）.

問題1選項

A.ofthemisleadingofthemedia

B.opinionpollsareunflattering.

C.scientistsareshownnegativelyinthemedia

D.science,isconsideredtobedangerous

問題2選項

A.theythinkthatscienceistoodifficult

B.theyareoftenunsuccessfulinscienceatschool

C.scienceisseenasaman’sjob

D.scienceisconsideredtobetedious

問題3選項

A.theroutineeverydayworkofscientists

B.discoveriesthatthepublicwillunderstand

C.themoresensationalaspectsofscience

D.thesatisfactionsofscientificwork

問題4選項

A.isolationfromtherestoftheworld

B.improvementsonschoolsystem

C.associationwith"femaleness"

D.troubleharecruitingyoungtalent

問題5選項

A.shouldbeattributedtohisindividualgenius

B.dependsonthecoordinationofthesociety

C.showshisindependentpower

D.isunpredictable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第三段提到人們對于科學的認知大多來源于他們在學校關于最科學的學習以及大眾媒體。文章第五段和第六段講述了大眾媒體對科學工作的負面描述和夸大（Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork），因而導致了人們對科學和科學家們有誤解，選項A符合題意。

2.文章第二段第二句Itistruethatmostscientistsaremale,butthepictureofscienceasamaleactivitymaybeamajorreasonwhyfewergirlsthanboysoptforscience,exceptwhenitcomestobiology,whichisseenas"female"提到看為什么大部分科學家是男性，女性很少的原因，因為她們認為科學就是男性的工作，因此選項C符合題意。

3.文章第五段Theroutineandoftentediousworkofthescientistslipsfromview,tobereplaced:withapictureofscientistsforeveroffendingpublicmoralsensibilities,threateningpublichealth,orfightingitoutwitheachother提到媒體關注的重點不再是科學實驗這些繁瑣的工作，而是將關注點放在科學家們沒有公共道德情感、危害公眾健康或者相互爭斗等等，選項C符合題意。

4.文章第六段第一句Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork,depictingitastheproductofindividualgenius,whileneglectingthesocialorganizationwhichmakesscientificworkpossible提到大眾媒體將科學工作過分私人化。作者認為如果脫離了社會組織，科學工作將無法進行。選項A符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到科學家們的工作是為了促進社會的進步whattheydoiswhataparticularkindofsocietyfacilitates，因此他們依靠的是整個社會的協作，選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

15.

問題1選項

A.Shemakesalivingnowasadressmaker.

B.Shemakesalivingnowasalandlady.

C.Sheworriesalotaboutherhealth.

D.Shenowlivesonherpension.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Doyouwork?

W:Iamadressmaker，butIhaven’tworkedforayear.

M:Thenhowcanyoumanagetolivewithoutworking?

W:Ihaveatenant.

M:Doyouoftenworryaboutthings?

W:Iusedtoworrybutnotnow.Iknowit'snotworthit.

Q:Whatistrueaboutthewoman?

【解析】細節題。女士說：Ihaveatenant（我有房客），即她是房東。

12.單選題

Ithasbeensaidthatmanagementisascienceandthatleadershipisanart.Managementiscomprisedofconcrete,measurableskills:planning,organizing,directing,andcontrolling.Thumbthroughanymanagementtextbookandyou'llseespecificmodels,formulas,procedures,ortechniquesformonitoringandcontrollingperformanceoutput.Controllingproductivitythroughadherencetostandardsisthestock-in-tradeoftheeffectivemanager.It'snotalwaysaneasytask,andtalentedmanagersshouldbegiventhecredittheydeserveinhelpingtheirorganizationssucceed.Noorganizationcansurviveforverylong,letaloneearnanysortofsubstantialprofits,withoutsoundmanagement.Butmanagementaloneisnotenoughintoday'smarketplace.Itistherightbalance,acombinationofefficientmanagementandleadership,thateveryorganizationisseeking.

Justwhatisthenewmodelofleadershipforthe21stcentury?Itrevolvesaroundfiveabstractqualities.Managersmaypossesssomeoralloftheseabilitiestoonedegreeoranother,buttheseskillsaredistinctfromtheparticularqualitiesthatdefinemanagement.Tobetterunderstandhowleadershipandmanagementdiffer,let'sreviewthefiveleadershipcompetencies.

Self-masteryisthefoundationuponwhichaleader'scredibilityisbuiltandfromwhichaleader'simagewillevolve.Self-masteryinvolvesawareness,acknowledgment,andacceptance.It'saboutdiscoveringthequalitiesthatmakeyouspecialandunique.It'saboutyourowntalentsandabilities—yourpersonalareasofexcellence.Effectiveleaderscreateopportunitiestoshowcasetheirnaturalabilities.Theyuncovertheirpotentialtalentsbycontinuallystretchingthemselvesandpushingthemselvestotheirlimits.Atthesametime,however,thesuccessfulleaderacknowledgeshisorherlimitations.Toachievetrueself-masteryyoumustacceptyourself,includingyourfaults,totallyandunconditionally.

Visionisinmanywaystheheartandsoulofleadership.Whilethemanagermustdealwithissuesandproduceresultsonaday-to-daybasis,aleadermustfocusonboththepresentandthefuture.Themanager'sconcernistoday;theleaderhasavisionfortomorrow.Butsimplyhavingavisionisnotenough;youmustmakeothersbelieveinit,too.Putyourplansforthefuturebeforetheeyesandearsofthepeoplearoundyou.Whenotherpeoplebegintobuyintoyourvisionandmakeittheirown,goodthingsstarttohappen—andhappenquickly.Leadersturntheirvisionintorealitybyconstantlylettingothersknowwhat'sinitforthem.

“Personalpower”istheabilitytoinfluenceandpersuadeothers.Itisnottobeconfusedwith“positionpower”.Positionpowerisembeddedinhierarchical,organizationalstructure.Personalpowerisearned.Youdonotnecessarilyneedtohavedirectauthorityoverotherstodisplaypersonalpower.Infact,inthemostsuccessfulcompanies,leadershipexistsatalllevels.Developpersonalpowerbybeingdependable,followingthroughoncommitments,anddemonstratingconcernforthewelfareofothers.Peoplewillrecognizeyourpersonalpowerandlooktoyoufordirection.

Empowermentcompletesthesetofleadershipskills.Althoughithasbecomeabuzzwordinthe90's,leadershavebeenawareoftheconceptofempowermentthroughouttheages.Empowermentistheprocessbywhichaleaderenablesotherindividualstosuccessfullycompleteacertainjobortask.Itisatechniquethatallowsyoutodelegateresponsibilityfortasksthroughoutyourorganization,evenatthelowestlevels.Asaleader,itisinyourinteresttonurtureanddevelopindividualswhowillonedaytakeyourplace,somakeempowermentatoppriority.Empowermentinvolvesthreecriticalingredients:skills,confidence,andauthority.Evaluateyourfollowers'skillsandprovidetrainingtoimproveorenhancetheirabilities.Instillconfidenceinothersandraisetheirself-esteembymaintainingface-to-facecontactandofferingpraiseforajobwelldone.Furthermore,bestowauthorityontootherpeople,givingthemtherighttoexercisetheirbestpersonaljudgment.Trueleadersarealwayswillingtogivecredittoothersandacceptresponsibilityforfailure,whilesimultaneouslysupporting,encouraging,andempoweringtheirfollowers.Ifyoudoso,youwilldevelopanunshakabletrustbondwithothersinyourorganization,establishingyourowncredibilitywhileensuringresults.Noonecandenytheimportanceofgoodmanagementinasuccessfulorganization.Butgoodmanagementaloneisnolongerenough.Recognizingthedifferencebetweenmanagementandleadership,andstrikingthecorrectbalancebetweenthetwo,willprovidesubstantialdividendsinthelongrun.Managementwillgetyouthroughtoday;leadershipwillensureabettertomorrow.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

2.Whatistheheartandsoulofleadershipaccordingtothepassage?

3.Inparagraph1“stock-in-trade”means（）.

4.Accordingtothefourleadershipcompetencies,whichofthefollowingisnottheskillofaleader?

5.Formthispassage,welearnthat（）.

問題1選項

A.managementskills

B.leadershipprinciples

C.thequalitiesthatdefinemanagement

D.thedistinctionbetweenmanagementandleadership

問題2選項

A.Personalpower.

B.Self-mastery.

C.Vision.

D.Empowerment.

問題3選項

A.quality

B.usualtactics

C.credibility

D.responsibility

問題4選項

A.Dealingwithdailyissuesandproducingresults.

B.Recognizingthetalentsofothersandgivingthemtheknowledgeandthetoolstheyneedtosucceed.

C.Nurturinganddevelopingsuccessors.

D.Makingmacro-plansandensuringresults.

問題5選項

A.leadershipismoreimportantthanmanagement

B.agoodmanagermusthaveleadershipcompetencies

C.leadingandmanaginginvolvedistinctlydifferentsetsofskills

D.peoplewithexceptionalleadershipqualitiesareusuallyundeveloped

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1【選項釋義】

1.Thepassageismainlyabout______.1.這篇文章主要是關于______。

A.managementskillsA.管理技能

B.leadershipprinciplesB.領導原則

C.thequalitiesthatdefinemanagementC.定義管理的品質

D.thedistinctionbetweenmanagementandleadersh