書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京服裝學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheancientforestsofthePacificNorthwestarethelastrelativelyintact“oldgrowth”ecosysteminAmerica.

（1）principallyinnorthernCalifornia,OregonandWashington,theancientforestsareavitalpartofournationalheritage.Today,ourancientforestsarein（2）.Theyarebeingdestroyedatthe（3）rateof60,000acresperyear.Ninetypercentofourancientforestshave（4）.Only10%stillstand.Overcuttingtheseforestsdestroysanecosystemand（5）.Theforestsprovidecleanwaterandair,spawninggroundsforsalmon,abilliondollarperyearfishingindustry,abundantwildlifeand（6）.

ThetimberindustryinthePacificNorthwesthasbeenundergoinga（7）sincetheearly80's—（8）thespottedowlbecameanissue,（9）hasledtosteadilyfallingemployment（10）.Theindustrymodernizedmills,exportedrawlogsoverseas,andabandonedthePacificNorthwesttoother（11）oftheUnitedStates.Thisledtothe（12）ofover26,000timber-relatedjobsinOregonandWashingtonduringthe80's.

Industryclaimsthatenvironmentallawsareto（13）forthedeclineintimberjobsinthePacificNorthwestdonot（14）undercloseexamination.（15）,theindustryitselfisresponsibleformanyofthesejoblosses（16）theovercuttingoftheforestsforthepastdecade,（17）theexportofraw（181）overseas.（19）suchlawsnothingcanbedoneeffectively.ThereasonisthefactthatoneinfourtreescutintheNorthwestisexported（20）anestimated15,000jobs.

問題1選項

A.Scattered

B.Spotted

C.Found

D.Viewed

問題2選項

A.progress

B.jeopardy

C.rise

D.risk

問題3選項

A.astonishing

B.thrilling

C.terrific

D.frightening

問題4選項

A.destroyed

B.beingdestroyed

C.beendestroyed

D.tobedestroyed

問題5選項

A.industry

B.enterprise

C.establishment

D.economy

問題6選項

A.life-lasting

B.fatal

C.mortal

D.lifesaving

問題7選項

A.transition

B.transportation

C.transit

D.transaction

問題8選項

A.beforelong

B.longsince

C.aslongas

D.longbefore

問題9選項

A.ofwhich

B.who

C.inwhich

D.which

問題10選項

A.standards

B.levels

C.layers

D.criteria

問題11選項

A.directions

B.dimensions

C.regions

D.zones

問題12選項

A.gain

B.loss

C.profit

D.wastage

問題13選項

A.blame

B.praise

C.criticize

D.punish

問題14選項

A.holdout

B.holdin

C.holdup

D.holddown

問題15選項

A.Infact

B.Intheory

C.Inpractice

D.Inasense

問題16選項

A.withregardto

B.dueto

C.liableto

D.confirmingto

問題17選項

A.or

B.but

C.if

D.and

問題18選項

A.woods

B.materials

C.logs

D.trees

問題19選項

A.With

B.Without

C.Ratherthan

D.Insteadof

問題20選項

A.costing

B.counting

C.deserving

D.finding

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】（1）根據(jù)上文提到了太平洋西北部的古老森林是美國最后一個相對完整的“古老生長”生態(tài)系統(tǒng),接著提到古老森林是國家遺產(chǎn)的重要組成部分,尤其是分布于加利福尼亞州北部、俄勒岡州和華盛頓州的古老森林。Scatter分散；Spot發(fā)現(xiàn)；Found找到；Viewed觀察。選項A正確。

（2）根據(jù)下句的關(guān)鍵詞destroyed可知,現(xiàn)在的古老森林正處于危險之中,首先排除選項A和C；injeopardy比較正式,指暴露在極端危險的情況下,符合原文語境。而risk一般不與介詞in搭配。

（3）astonishing驚人的；thrilling毛骨悚然的,興奮的；terrific可怕的,極好的；frightening令人恐懼的。根據(jù)原文,它們正以每年6萬英畝的驚人速度被摧毀。選項A更符合原文。

（4）根據(jù)原文,90%的古老森林已經(jīng)被摧毀,只有10%尚且還在。這里的時態(tài)應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在完成時,森林是被摧毀,用被動語態(tài),所以,選項C正確。

（5）industry工業(yè)；enterprise企業(yè),事業(yè)；establishment設(shè)施；economy經(jīng)濟。根據(jù)下文,森林提供干凈的水和空氣,鮭魚的產(chǎn)卵地,每年十億美元的捕魚業(yè)...由此可知,過度砍伐森林是在破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和經(jīng)濟。

（6）life-lasting生命持久的；fatal致命的；mortal致死的；lifesaving救命的。根據(jù)原文,森林提供干凈的水和空氣,鮭魚的產(chǎn)卵地,每年十億美元的捕魚業(yè),還有豐富的野生動物,由此生命得以延續(xù)。選項A更符合原文。

（7）transition過渡,轉(zhuǎn)變；transportation運輸；transit運輸,經(jīng)過；transaction交易,事務(wù)。根據(jù)原文,自80年代初以來,西北太平洋地區(qū)的木材工業(yè)一直在經(jīng)歷轉(zhuǎn)型。選項A符合原文。

（8）beforelong不久以后；longsince很久以前；aslongas只要；longbefore很久以前,在...之前。先做完后面的兩道題目再回過頭來看,答案很明顯為D。原文翻譯為：早在斑點貓頭鷹成為問題之前,木材工業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型就導(dǎo)致了就業(yè)水平的穩(wěn)步下降。

（9）這里的先行詞不是issue,而是前面57題需要選擇的transition。Intransition指在過渡時期。這句話的意思是,早在斑點貓頭鷹成為問題之前,木材工業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型就導(dǎo)致了就業(yè)水平的穩(wěn)步下降。

（10）employmentlevels指就業(yè)水平。根據(jù)原文,這里指木材工業(yè)一直在經(jīng)歷轉(zhuǎn)型,導(dǎo)致了就業(yè)水平的穩(wěn)步下降。

（11）directions方向；dimensions規(guī)模；regions地區(qū)；zones地帶。原文的意思是放棄太平洋西北部而轉(zhuǎn)到美國其他地區(qū)。選項C正確。

（12）根據(jù)上文可知,就業(yè)水平在下降,這里應(yīng)該是2600多個相關(guān)的職業(yè)消失。wastage指浪費,用在此處不恰當。

（13）betoblamefor指應(yīng)該為某事負責。這里指工業(yè)宣稱環(huán)境法應(yīng)該為西北太平洋地區(qū)木材就業(yè)崗位減少而負責任。

（14）holdout堅持；holdin抑制,約束；holdup舉起,攔截；holddown抑制。

（15）根據(jù)原文,上文說工業(yè)宣稱環(huán)境法應(yīng)該負責,而下文說到工業(yè)本身才是應(yīng)該負責的那一方。選項A事實上,符合原文語境。Intheory理論上；Inpractice在實踐中；Inasense在某種意義上。

（16）withregardto關(guān)于,至于；dueto因為,由于；liableto易于；confirmingto符合,遵循。根據(jù)原文,在過去的幾十年里,正是由于過度的砍伐森林才導(dǎo)致了許多工作的流失。這里表原因用dueto。

（17）除了過度砍伐,還有將原木出口到國外等原因。這里表遞進,用and。

（18）rowlogs指原木,在原文中可以找到答案。

（19）根據(jù)原文,如果沒有這種法律,做什么都是徒勞的。選項B符合原文。

（20）根據(jù)原文,西北地區(qū)四分之一的樹木被砍伐出口將導(dǎo)致大約1.5萬個就業(yè)崗位的流失。選項A符合原文。

2.單選題

Theflickerofimpatienceinthehusband'seyesmeltsintobemused_______ashiswifeasksfor"justalittlemoretime"atthemall.

問題1選項

A.resignation

B.regradation

C.retiral

D.reverse

【答案】A

【解析】resignation放棄,順從;regradation倒退,后退;retiral退休,撤退;reverse相反,倒退。句意：當妻子要求在商場“再多待一會兒”時,丈夫眼中閃現(xiàn)的不耐煩化為了呆滯的放棄。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

TheAmericanRevolutionhadnomedievallegalinstitutionsto（）ortorootout,apartfrommonarchy.

問題1選項

A.discard

B.discreet

C.discord

D.disgorge

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。空格后的or代表并列關(guān)系，因此選項應(yīng)與rootout動詞詞性相符合。discard“拋棄，丟棄”；discreet“謹慎的”，沒有動詞用法；discord“不一致”；disgorge“吐出，被迫交出”。句意：除了君主政體，美國革命沒有中世紀的法律制度可以廢除或……。因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand（）.

問題1選項

A.privileges

B.possibilities

C.possessions

D.preferences

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。privilege“特權(quán)”；possibility“可能性”；possession“擁有，財產(chǎn)”；preference“偏愛，優(yōu)先權(quán)”。句意：調(diào)查結(jié)果描繪了一幅關(guān)于顧客購物習慣的獨特畫面，以及他們的動機和偏好。D項符合題意。

5.單選題

Thegovernmenthastoconsiderwhetherthedestructionofonehumanlifecanbe（）bythehopesofsavingothers.

問題1選項

A.notified

B.specified

C.justified

D.magnified

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項notify“通知”；B選項specify“指定、列舉”；C選項justify“證明合法”；D選項magnify“贊美、夸大”，句意為：政府必須考慮，為了拯救他人，毀滅一個人的生命是否可以被證明是合理的。因此選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Complacencyhasledtosomeappallingecological（

）.

問題1選項

A.damages

B.tragedies

C.catastrophes

D.dangers

【答案】C

【解析】查名詞辨析。damage意為“損害、毀壞”等時，是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“價錢、費用”時，是可數(shù)名詞，意為“賠償費”時，必須用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。tragedy意為“悲劇，慘劇”；catastrophe意為“災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍”；danger意為“危險”，泛指“危險”時，danger是不可數(shù)名詞,指具體的“危險、危險物、可能造成損傷、疼痛等的人”時，是可數(shù)名詞。

句意：自滿導(dǎo)致了一些可怕的生態(tài)災(zāi)難。

7.單選題

He（）himselfbitterlyforhismiserablebehaviorthatevening.

問題1選項

A.repealed

B.resented

C.replayed

D.reproached

【答案】D

【解析】reproachsb.forsth.為某事斥責某人。句意：他為那天晚上的卑鄙行為狠狠地責備了自己。選項D符合句意。

8.單選題

Thenewlyelectedpresidenthas________$13milliontotheautomobileindustryforitssurvival.

問題1選項

A.prepared

B.promised

C.disposed

D.pledged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“準備”；B選項“許下，應(yīng)允”；C選項“處理”；D選項“保證”。句意：新當選的總統(tǒng)（）花13億元來拯救汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)。根據(jù)句意，空格中意思填“保證”最合適，pledge和promise都有保證的意思，但是pledge一般表公開場合的保證，意義比較嚴肅，promise只是承諾。總統(tǒng)說的保證肯定是比較嚴肅的，所以答案選D。

9.單選題

Eachoftheearlyarticlesabouttelevisionisinvariablyaccompaniedbyaphotographorillustrationshowingafamilycozilysittingtogetherbeforethetelevisionset.JennysatonMom'slap.BuddyperchedonthearmofDad’schair,DadwithhisarmaroundMon’sshoulder.WhocouldhaveguessesthattwentyorsoyearslaterMomwouldbewatchingadramainthekitchen,thekidswouldbelookingatcartoonsintheirroom,whileDadwouldbetakingintheballgameinthelivingroom?

Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous.Thesplinteringofthemultiple-setfamilywassomethingtheearlywriterscouldnotforesee.Nordidanyoneimaginethenumberofhourschildrenwouldeventuallydevotetotelevision,thecommonuseoftelevisionbyparentsasachildpacifier,thechangestelevisionwouldeffectuponchild——rearingmethods,theincreasingdominationoffamilyschedulesbychildren'sviewingrequirements—inshort,thepowerofthenewmediumtodominatefamilylife.

Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents.“Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally.”Writetheauthorsofanearlyandinfluentialstudyoftelevision’seffectsonchildren.Inotherwords,ifthechild’shomelifeisallright,parentsneednotworryabouttheeffectsofallthattelevisionwatching.

Buttelevisiondoesnotmerelyinfluencethechild;itdeeplyinfluencesthe“patternofinfluences’,thatismeanttoameliorateitseffects.Homeandfamilylifehaschangedinimportantwayssincetheadventoftelevision.Thepeergrouphasbecometelevision-oriented,aridmuchofthetimechildrenspendtogetherisoccupiedbytelevisionviewing.Culturegenerallyhasbeentransformedbytelevision.Thereforeitisimpropertoassigntotelevisionthesubsidiaryroleitsmanyapologists(toooftenmembersofthetelevisionindustry)insistitplays.Televisionisnotmerelyoneofanumberofimportantinfluencesupontoday’schild.Throughthechangesithasmadeinfamilylife,televisionemergesastheimportantinfluenceinchildren’slivestoday.

Television’scontributiontofamilylifehasbeenanequivocalone.Forwhileithas,indeed,keptthemembersofthefamilyfromdispersing,ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether.Byitsdominationofthetimefamiliesspendtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother,aqualitythatdependstoagreatextentonwhatafamilydoes,whatspecialrituals，games,recurrentjokes,familiarsongsandsharedactivitiesitaccumulates.

1.ThereasonforwhyearlyillustrationabouttelevisionshowsanentirefamilywatchingTVtogethermightbe（）.

2.Thequotationinthethirdparagraphillustratesthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,televisionbringschangestoallofthefollowingspheresEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatdoestelevisiondotodomesticlifeaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Theaimoftheauthorinwritingthepassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.thatpeopleregardedTVasameanstobringtogetherthewholefamily

B.thatearlyTVprogramsweresointersectingthateverybodyisthefamilywasattractedtothem

C.thatpeopleatthattimecouldn’timaginethattheycouldaffordmorethanonetelevisionathome

D.thatpeoplehadamoreleisurelylifethantheydonow

問題2選項

A.televisionexertedagreatinfluenceinsociety

B.someauthorswantedtorelievetheparents’worriesaboutthepossiblenegativeeffectoftelevisiononchildren.

C.televisiondidexertabadinfluenceonchildren

D.televisionchangedthealreadyexistedpatternofinfluences

問題3選項

A.technological

B.religious

C.domestic

D.educational

問題4選項

A.Itdestroystheformerlypeacefulenvironmentthatistypicalofafamily.

B.Itisolateseachindividualfamily.

C.Itsharpensthedifferencebetweenonefamilyandanother

D.Itmakesallfamiliesthesameintermsoftheirdomesticactivities

問題5選項

A.inform

B.comment

C.explain

D.changealong-standingview

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous(當然，電視機在早期是非常昂貴的。到1975年，超過60%的美國家庭將擁有兩套或更多的電視機，這種想法在當時看來是荒謬的)。因此C項“當時，人們無法想象一個家庭擁有一臺以上電視機”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。對第三段引號部分內(nèi)容的理解可參考第三段第一句:Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents(后來，隨著孩子們對看電視時間的增加，加上家長們擔心看這么多電視可能產(chǎn)生的影響，早期有一個很有影響力的關(guān)于電視對孩子影響的研究，其作者不斷重復(fù)的話讓很多家長消除了憂慮)。因此選B項“一些作者想消除家長對于看電視會對孩子產(chǎn)生的負面影響方面的擔憂”。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第三段第二句指出:Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally(電視總是會通過進入已經(jīng)存在的影響模式產(chǎn)生影響：家庭、同齡人群體、學校、教堂和文化)。因此，此題選A項“技術(shù)”。

第4題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother(它通過支配家人在一起的時間，毀掉了每個家庭獨一無二的特性)。因此D項“使得所有家庭的家庭生活同一化”正確。

第5題:作者意圖題。文章主要闡述了現(xiàn)在電視對人類生活產(chǎn)生的影響，如家庭、同齡人群體、學校、教堂和文化等各個方面，因此C項“闡述”正確。

10.單選題

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

問題1選項

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項takeintoaccount“考慮、顧及”；B選項accountfor“說明、解釋”；C選項makeupfor“補償、填補”；D選項makeout“理解、辨認”，句意為：我想知道他在當?shù)仄渌r(nóng)民和商人中的聲望，然后決定是否批準貸款。D選項符合句意，因此選D。

11.單選題

Priortothepurchaseoftheflat,thecouplewantedtomakesurethattheywouldhavecompatibleneighbors.

問題1選項

A.harmonious

B.energetic

C.capable

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項harmonious“和諧的”；B選項energetic“精力充沛的”；C選項capable“有能力的”；D選項harsh“嚴厲的”。句意：在購買這套公寓之前，這對夫婦想要確保他們有能和諧相處的鄰居。劃線部分compatible是和諧相處的意思。因此A選項正確。

12.單選題

Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareavailableingrocerystores.

問題1選項

A.ready

B.approachable

C.probable

D.obtainable

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項ready“準備好的，現(xiàn)成的，迅速的”；B選項approachable“可接近的，可到達的，易理解的”；C選項probable“很可能的，可信的”；D選項obtainable“能得到的，能獲得的”。句意：現(xiàn)成的方便食品可以在雜貨店買到。Available“可獲得的；可購得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Itisimpossibleforusto（）suchadifficulttaskwithinthelimitedtime.

問題1選項

A.fuel

B.frown

C.fulfill

D.frost

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項fuel“供以燃料，推動”。B選項frown“皺眉，不同意”。C選項fulfill“履行，完成”。D選項frost“結(jié)霜，凍壞”。句意：我們不可能在有限的時間內(nèi)完成如此艱巨的任務(wù)。因此C選項符合題意。

14.單選題

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

問題1選項

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使習慣于；formulate用公式表示，明確地表達；overhaul檢查，革新；dismantle拆除，取消。句意：布什總統(tǒng)于星期三對國會發(fā)出警告，如果不支持他推動社會保險的全面改革可能會產(chǎn)生政治影響。選項C符合句意。

15.單選題

Socialtensionsamongadultfactionscanbeadjustedbypolitics,butadolescentsandchildrenhavenosuch（）forresolvingtheirconflictwiththeexclusiveworldofadults.

問題1選項

A.attitude

B.mechanism

C.justification

D.opportunity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。attitude態(tài)度，看法；mechanism機制，原理，途徑；justification理由，辯護。；opportunity機會。nosuch與前半句的politics對應(yīng)，politics在句中屬于解決問題的方法，故后半句用mechanism。答案B。句意：成人派系之間的社會緊張關(guān)系可以通過政治來調(diào)整，但是青少年和兒童沒有這樣的（）來解決他們與成人世界的沖突。、

16.單選題

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscase,becausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問題1選項

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。testify“作證;證明”;charge“充電；控告”；accuse“控告;指控”；rectify“改正”。句意：我是唯一能在該案件中作證的人，因為其他證人都被神秘殺害了。由后半句內(nèi)容以及witnesses“證人”知A項“作證”正確。

17.單選題

AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.Theexperimentswereconductedbyapsychologist,JohnB.Calhoun,andhisassociates.Ineachoftheseexperiments,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosureandgivenanadequatesupplyoffood,water,andothernecessities.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Heandhisassociatesthencarefullyobservedandrecordedbehaviorintheseoverpopulatedcommunities.Attheendoftheirexperiments,Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity:Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior:theydidnotbehaveasmotherratsnormallydo.Infact,manyofthepups,asratbabiesarecalled,diedasaresultofpoormaternalcare.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdieD.Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.However,theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsideredpathologicallydiseased.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdiD.Thefactthatthedominantmaleshadadequatespaceinwhichtolivemayexplainwhytheywerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyoverpopulationastheotherrats.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowdingintheenclosure.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely;theymovedverylittleandateanddrankattimeswhentheotherratsweresleepinginordertoavoidcontactwiththem.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thissegmentoftheratpopulation,tikealltheotherparts,wasaffectedbytheoverpopulation.Thebehaviorofthenon-dominantmalesandoftheothercomponentsoftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun’sexperiments.InlargeurbanareassuchasNewYork,London,MexicanCity,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Thequantityofotherformsofsocialpathologysuchasmurder,rape,androbberyalsofrequentlyoccurindenselypopulatedhumancommunities.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Paragraph1isorganizedaccordingto（）.

2.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation（）.

3.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParA.1.

4.Whichofthefollowingbehaviordidn'thappeninthisexperiment?

5.Themainideaoftheparagraphthreeisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.reasons

B.experiments

C.examples

D.definition

問題2選項

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.ataconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

問題3選項

A.Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

問題4選項

A.Allthemaleratsexhibitedpathologicalbehavior.

B.Motherratsabandonedtheirpups.

C.Femaleratsshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior

D.Motherratslefttheirratbabiesalone.

問題5選項

A.dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace

B.dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats

C.dominantmalesattackedweakerrats

D.thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.”中文翻譯為：1962年2月，一篇發(fā)表在《科學美國人》雜志上的文章報道了一組經(jīng)典的實驗，以確定過量種群對老鼠群落的影響。結(jié)合后文，可以得知B選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵字ratpopulation可以定位到文章第一段中“Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.”中文翻譯為“然后，他通過移除那些不依賴母親的后代來穩(wěn)定人口。”因此B為正確答案。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由B項可以定位到文章中“Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindof.socialdisease.”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩和他的同事能夠得出結(jié)論，過度擁擠會導(dǎo)致老鼠之間正常的社會關(guān)系破裂，這是一種社會疾病。則排除B選項；由C選項可以定位到文章中“Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.”中文翻譯為：實驗中的老鼠沒有與生活在不過度擁擠環(huán)境的老鼠一樣遵循同樣的行為模式。則排除C選項；由D項可以定位到文章中“Calhounknewfromexperience...”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩從經(jīng)驗中得知……，則排除D選項；可以得知A選項符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由B項可以定位到文章中“Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups”中文翻譯為：母親們有時會拋棄他們的幼崽……則排除B選項；由C選項可以定位到文章中“Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior”中文翻譯為：他們表現(xiàn)出異常的母性行為。則排除C選項；由D項可以定位到文章中“Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.”中文翻譯為：在正常情況下，一只老鼠媽媽不會讓她的幼崽獨自死去。則排除D選項；因此A項“所有雄性大鼠均表現(xiàn)出病態(tài)行為”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)B項“主導(dǎo)性的雄性老鼠并不像其他大鼠一樣嚴重地受到過度擁擠的影響”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.”中文翻譯為：在大鼠種群中，主導(dǎo)性的雄性種群受到的影響最小。故選B。

18.填空題

ThoseAsianAmericanswhosefamilieshavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesforseveralgenerationsresenttobesingledoutandstereotypedaspartofasupermajority.Theyfeelthattheirachievementsareonlycomparabletowhatother

A

B

C

D

immigrantgroupshavedoneinthepast.

【答案】Btobesingledout改為beingsingledout

【解析】【考查點】動詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)短語resentdoingsth.確定此處應(yīng)為beingsingledout。

【句意】那些已經(jīng)在美國生活了好幾代的亞裔美國人憤恨被孤立出來，并被定義為絕大多數(shù)的一部分。他們覺得自己的成就只能與其他移民群體過去的成就相媲美。

19.單選題

MyniecehasbeentoSumatraandIranaswellasallofEurope;bythetimesheistwenty,she（）almosteverywhere.

問題1選項

A.willbe

B.wouldhavebeen

C.willhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我侄女曾經(jīng)去過蘇門答臘島、伊朗及全歐洲，等到她二十歲吋，她將幾乎去過所有地方。

語法題。考查將來完成時。分析句意可知空格處應(yīng)使用將來完成時:shall/willhave+過去分詞,故選C。

20.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

問題1選項

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的傾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易進入的”。句意：醫(yī)生對于運用激光給心臟病人做手術(shù)很感興趣。A項符合題意。

21.單選題

ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.linthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease“becausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore,”saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpcriticismofautomobilecameinadiscussionofhumanenvironmentonYaleReports,aradioprogrambroadcastbyStationWTICinHartford.Connecticut.Theprogramopenedathree-partserieson“StayingAlive”.“Forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,theproblemofman’ssurvivalhastodowithhiscontrolofman-madedangers,”Dr.Weinermansaid.“Beforethis，theproblemhadbeenthecontrolofnaturaldangers.”

Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“l(fā)essensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar-everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorGalstoncontinued.“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?”

ForPaulB.Sears,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue，underthefalseideathatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore，ethicallyjustified”.ProfessorSearsalsocalledthecountry’sdependenceonitsmodernautomobile“l(fā)ousyeconomics”becauseofthelargehorsepowerusedsimply“movingonepersontowork”.ButheagreedthatAmericanshavepaintedthemselvesintoacomerbyallowingthenationaleconomytobecomesoreliantontheautomobileindustry.

AccordingtoDr.Weinerman,automobiles,notthefactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmericancities,andthesmogpresentsthepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.“Withinanotherfivetotenyears,it’spossibletohaveanepidemicoflungcancerinacitylikeLosAngeles.Thisisanewphenomenoninhealthconcern,”hesaid.

Thesolution,hecontinued,is“nottofindalessdangerousfuel，butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.

1.Themainideaofthisarticleisthat___.

2.InParagraph2,ProfessorGalstonimpliesthat___.

3.Inparagraph3,ProfessorSearsimpliesthat___.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that___.

5.Dr.Weinermanwouldprobablyagreethat___,ifpublictransportationwereimproved.

問題1選項

A.Americansaretooattachedtotheircars

B.Americancarsruntoofastandconsumetoomuchfuel

C.Theautomobileindustryhascausedallthistohappen

D.automobilesendangerboththeenvironmentandpeople

問題2選項

A.peoplearemoreinterestedinfastautomobilesthanintheirhealth.

B.kerosene-burningcarswouldpollutetheenvironmentmoreseriouslythangasoline-burningenginesdo

C.Americansfeelmorecloselyconnectedtotheircarsthantotheenvironment

D.Itisnotrightforeveryfamilytohaveatleasttwocars

問題3選項

A.technologyisalwaysgoodforpeople

B.technologyisnotalwaysgoodforpeople

C.financialprofitismoreimportantthantechnologicaladvancement

D.technologicaladvancementwillimprovefinancialprofit

問題4選項

A.afuellessdangerousthangasolinemustbefound

B.peopleshouldgetridoftheircarsandtakethebustowork

C.publictransportationshouldbeimprovedsothatpeoplecanb