書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-內蒙古商貿職業學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.不定項選擇題

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanSpymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthegreatgameofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyremadesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“open-sourceintelligence”,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.

StraifordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas（）.

2.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto（）.

3.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”（line1,paragraph3）mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that（）.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits（）.

問題1選項

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

問題2選項

A.introducethetopicofonlinespying

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

問題3選項

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

問題4選項

A.Straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

問題5選項

A.officialstatus

B.nonconformistimage

C.efficientstaff

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:該題考查了考生對一段的文意的總體把握。解題的關鍵在于第一段的最后一句話：“ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyremadesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.”其中考生要把握好“Donovan’svocation”這個短語的含義，它指的就是“intelligenceservices”，也就是情報行業，而“reshape”意為改造，那么結合這兩點就可以發現B選項就是這兩點的轉述說法，意為“改造了情報工作”。A選項錯誤在于Donovan并不是互聯網的粉絲，因為從第一句虛擬語氣可以看出在他的年代并沒有互聯網，因此A錯誤；C選項也不對，第一段寫的是“remade”和restored還是有區別的；選D選項的是考生沒有區分“reshape”和“revive”的含義，revive意為使復活，從原文中我們并不能得到互聯網什么時候消失過，所以也不存在復活，因此答案為B。

第2題:該題需要考生有全局觀念，它和文章大意相關，需要結合全文進行作答。作者舉一個例子一定是為了體現他的主旨觀點，因此，Donovan的故事也是一個引子，目的是引出作者真實想要表達的觀點，這就是全文的重點和主旨，本文的主旨是在第一段的最后一句有體現，并且之后的幾段也都是圍繞著互聯網影響了情報工作這一點來展開的，因此和這個主旨最匹配的是A選項。C選項并不對，因為全文的重點并不是信息戰爭，只是提及了它而已。

第3題:本題考查了考生對文中詞組詞義的猜測能力及對全文的掌握程度。這個詞組的直譯含義是“做出了最引人注目的效果”，如果不知道這個詞組的含義也沒有關系，我們可以從后文得知：Straitford是這個領域的新興佼佼者，因此它肯定是在這個行業獲得了成功的，而其他選項在全文中均無明顯體現，找不到相關依據。

第4題:本題考查了學生的推理及引申能力，考生需要對第四段有一個總體的把握和細節的追究。第四段主要講了Friedman對于互聯網的態度如何，以及他們公司是如何利用互聯網來進行盈利的，文中舉出了烏克蘭（Ukraine）為例說明了他們公司利用網絡對于形勢的預測水平。A選項的說法是主觀推斷，因為文中并沒有提及關于烏克蘭的預測是否正確，屬于過度推斷；B選項說法太過絕對，根據常識我們也知道互聯網的信息不能保證百分百正確，并且在文中第四段的最后一句說了“這些開放資源的利用也是有風險的”，這一句也提示了我們信息并不一定是百分百正確的；C選項說他們公司的特點是不可預測性，這一點在全文中均未體現，并且該公司就是做風險預測的，更不存在公司的特點是不可預測性這一說；D選項的話，根據第四段的最后一句，“互聯網收集情報有風險，而該公司會幫助客戶辨別信息真偽”可以推斷出，該公司的信息還是有一定的可靠性的，雖然不能保證百分百真實，但是還是經過篩選的信息，較為可靠。

第5題:本題考查了考生對最后一段的理解程度，解題的關鍵是本段的最后一句話：“Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.”這句話告訴了我們Straitford公司引以為傲的是它有著獨立的立場，這就是它不同于其他公司的獨特之處，而B選項“nonconformistimage”的意思就是有自己獨特的形象，不默守陳規，因此B選項是正確答案的轉述，答案為B。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

美國的一位頂尖心理學家說，如果人們關注于六個具體要素就會感到幸福。這六個要素分別是：活在當下（M）,有好奇心（C），做喜歡的事（L）,為他人著想（T）,培養關系（N）,

照顧身體（B）。公式就是：感覺很棒=（活在當下x16+好奇心+做喜歡的事x2）+（為他人著想x5+培養關系x2+照顧身體x33）。

弗吉尼亞州喬治梅?森（Mason）大學的托徳-卡什丹博士（DrToddKashdan）對英國人幸福程度的全國性研究結果進行了評價。他說：“感覺幸福沒有單一的訣竅，但當這六種成分都添加進來并正確配比后，你就會感覺人生很幸福。這六種成分的每一種都需要付出一點努力，你只要知道你的努力會給你帶來極大的回報。”

委任這次研究的整形外科手術營銷總監史蒂芬?泰勒（StephenTayler）說：“我們無比高興地看到與卡什丹博士的合作創建了幸福感的真正公式：我們希望幸福公式將繼續幫助提振精祌，讓全英國人民的臉上都有笑容。”

【答案】Ifpeoplefocusonthesixspecificfactorsidentified,theywillfeelgood,accordingtoatopUSpsychologist.Thefactorsareliveinthemoment(M),becurious(C),dosomethingyoulove(L),thinkofothers(T),nurturerelationships(N),andcareofyourbody(B).AndtheformulaisFeelingGood=(MxI6+C+Lx2)+(Tx5+Nx2+Bx33)。

DrToddKashdan,ofGeorgeMasonUniversityinVirginia,reviewedtheresultsofnationwideresearchintohowBritishfeel.Hesaid:“Thereisnosinglesecrettofeelinggood,butwhenthesesixingredientsarecarefullyattendedto,intherightdoses,youwillbeontargetforahappylife.“Eachoftheingredientsrequiresabitofwork.Justknowthatyourhardworkwillleadtothegreatestrewardspossible.”

StevenTaylor,marketingdirectorofTransformCosmeticSurgery,whocommissionedtheresearch,said:“Wecouldn’tbemorepleasedthatthepartnershipwithDrKashdanledtothecreationofanactualformulatoFeelGood,WehopethattheFeelGoodFormulawillcontinuetohelpboostspiritsandputasmileonfacesacrosstheUK.”

3.單選題

Betweenabout1910and1930,newartisticmovementsinEuropeanartweremakingthemselvesfeltintheUnitedStates.AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewaltontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgalleryb291t（namedafteritsaddressonFifthAvenue）ofthephotographerMiredStieglitz.ButmostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyoftheleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.

SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanLandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.Comparedwiththeworksoftherealistpainters,theworksofAmericanmodernistsweremuchfurtherremovedfromtheactualappearanceofthecity;theyweremoreinterestedinthe“feel”ofthecity，moreconcernedwiththemeaningbehindappearance.However,boththepaintersofthe“AshCanSchool”andthelaterrealistswerestilltiedtonineteenth-centuryorearlierstyles,whiletheearlymodernistssharedintheinternationalbreakthroughsoftheartofthetwentiethcentury.

ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutioninWesternpainting.ItoverturnedtherationaltraditionthathadbeenbuiltuponsincetheRenaissance,InCubism,naturalformswerebrokendownanalyticallyintogeometricshapes.Nolongerwasacleardifferentiationmadebetweenthefigureandthebackgroundofapainting;theobjectsrepresentedandthesurfaceonwhichtheywerepaintedbecameone.TheCubistsabandonedtheconventionalsinglevantagepointoftheviewer,andobjectsdepictedfrommultipleviewpointswereshownatthesametime.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEuropeanarttrendsprobablyaffectedUnitedStatesartmostduringwhichofthefollowingyears?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasameansthroughwhichAmericanartistslearnedaboutnewmovements?

4.WhydoestheauthormentionAlfredStieglitz?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingwasafavoritesubjectforAmericanmodernists?

問題1選項

A.ThedevelopmentofCubism.

B.ModernartmovementsintheUnitedSates.

C.ContemporaryartistsintheUnitedStates.

D.Theinfluenceofphotographyonlandscapepainters.

問題2選項

A.1901

B.1908

C.1913

D.1936

問題3選項

A.Lessonsfromsuccessfulartists.

B.Theexhibitionsatthegallery“291”.

C.TripstoEurope.

D.TheArmoryShowof1913.

問題4選項

A.Todemonstratethatphotographywasthemajorinfluenceinmodernart.

B.Tocomparehimtootherartistsofthetime.

C.Topointoutthatmanyartistlearnedtheircraftbystudyingwithhim.

D.Togiveanexampleofsomeonewhohadaninfluenceonmodernart.

問題5選項

A.Portraitsoffamouspeople.

B.Countryscenes.

C.Picturesofbuildings'interiors.

D.Citylandscapes.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.本文第一句話就點明了“從1910年到1930年，歐洲藝術的新運動開始在美國產生影響。”本文主要講述了現代藝術運動在美國的興起到高潮，從紐約畫廊的啟發到立體派的重大突破，都是圍繞美國的現代藝術運動而展開的，故本文的主題就是美國的現代藝術運動。故B項正確。

.2主旨大意題。由第一段“ButmostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyoftheleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.但是，對美國現代運動的傳播最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動一時的軍械庫展覽，在這次展覽中，許多歐洲著名藝術家的作品和一些進步的美國畫家的作品一起展出。可知影響最大的是發生在1913年的軍械庫展覽。故C項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewaltontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgalleryb291t(namedafteritsaddressonFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerMiredStieglitz.美國藝術家在去巴黎的旅行中，在紐約著名的b291t畫廊(以第五大道的地址命名)舉辦的攝影家Stieglitz的展覽中，開始了解這種新的藝術。可知BC兩項在文中有都有提及；D項在“ButmostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,但是，對現代運動在美國的傳播最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動一時的軍械庫展覽”有提及。故只有A項沒提到。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞AlfredStieglitz定位到第一段AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewaltontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgalleryb291t(namedafteritsaddressonFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerMiredStieglitz.美國藝術家在去巴黎的旅行中，在紐約著名的b291t畫廊(以第五大道的地址命名)舉辦的攝影家Stieglitz的展覽中，開始了解這種新的藝術。可知AlfredStieglitz是紐約畫廊的攝影師，他是影響現代藝術運動的攝影家之一。故D項“舉一個對現代藝術有影響的人的例子”正確。

5.細節事實題。由第二段SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanLandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.一些受軍械庫展覽影響的美國現代主義者發現城市景觀，尤其是紐約，是一個吸引人的主題。可知D項“城市風景”是美國現代主義者喜歡的主題。

4.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

問題1選項

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂”；symposium“座談會’；penalty“懲罰”。句意：在過去的三十年里，跑步對于3000萬名各個年齡層的參與者來說成為了一種非常受歡迎的消遣方式。選項B符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Ofcourse,thereisfarmoreoilundergroundthancanberecovered.Itmaybeinapooltoosmallortoofarfromapotentialmarkettojustifytheexpenseofdrilling.Someoilliesunderregionswheredrillingisforbidden,suchasnationalparksorotherpubliclands.Evengiventhebestextractiontechniques,onlyabout30to40percentoftheoilinagivenpoolcanbebroughttothesurface.Therestisfartoodifficulttoextractandhastoremainunderground.

Moreover,gettingpetroleumoutofthegroundandfromundertheseaandtotheconsumercancreateenvironmentalproblemsanywherealongtheline.Pipelinescarryingoilcanbebrokenbyfaultsorlandslides,causingseriousoilspills.Spillagefromhugeoil-carryingcargoships,calledtankers,involvedincollisionsoraccidentalgroundings(suchastheoneoffAlaskain1989)cancreateoilslicksatsea.Offshoreplatformsmayalsoloseoil,creatingoilslicksthatdriftashoreandfoulthebeaches,harmingtheenvironment.Sometimes,thegroundatanoilfieldmaysubsideasoilisremoved.TheWilmingtonfieldnearLongBeach,California,hassubsidedninemetersin50years;protectivebarriershavehadtobebuilttopreventseawaterfromfloodingthearea.Finally,therefiningandburningofpetroleumanditsproductscancauseairpollution.Advancingtechnologyandstrictlaws,however,arehelpingcontrolsomeoftheseadverseenvironmentaleffects.

【答案】參考譯文：

當然，地下還能發現更多的石油，油藏可能太小或遠離潛在的市場因而鉆井費用過高。一些石油存在于禁止鉆井的地區，如國家公園或其他公共土地。即使提供最好的提取技術，油藏中也只有大約30%到40%的石油可以抽至地面。其余的因為太難抽取而不得不留在地下。

此外，從地下和海底開采石油并運送到消費者的途中的任何地方都會產生環境問題。石油運輸管道可能因為故障或塌方損壞，造成嚴重的石油泄露。運載石油的油輪在發生碰撞或意外擱淺（如在1989年阿拉斯加發生的油輪擱淺）的情況下，石油泄露會導致海上產生浮油。海上鉆井平臺也可能會泄漏石油，導致油污漂流到岸上造成海灘污染，危害環境。有時一個油田的石油被抽取后，地面會發生下沉。加利福尼亞州長灘附近的威爾明頓油田在50年內下沉了9米；人們不得不建造保護屏障以防止海水灌進這個地區。最后，石油的煉制、燃燒以及其產品也會造成空氣污染。不過，先進的技術和嚴格的法律正在協助控制這些對環境的不利影響。

6.單選題

AreportsubmittedtotheUnitedStatesCongressin1971emphaticallyrecommendeda（）nationalefforttoadoptmetricsystem.

問題1選項

A.concerted

B.representative

C.respective

D.spontaneous

【答案】D

【解析】concerted協調的,協定的；representative典型的；respective分別的,各自的；spontaneous

自發的,無意識的。句意：1971年提交給美國國會的一份報告著重建議各國自發地努力采用公制系統。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

Whatthecorrespondentsentusisan（

）newsreport.Wecandependonit.

問題1選項

A.evident

B.authentic

C.ultimate

D.immediate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。evident明顯的；authentic真實的，可靠的；ultimate最終的，最后的；immediate即刻的。句意：那位記者發給我們的是一份內容真實的新聞報道。我們可以相信它。由dependon可推知該信息報道是真實的，答案B。

8.單選題

Cancerresearchersarelearningtoreadgeneslikeacrystalballtopredicthowpatientswillrespondtocancertherapy,whowillsuffertheworstsideeffectsandwhattreatmentsmaybebestforaparticularpatient.Foreseeingtheoutcomeoftreatment,andknowingwithcertaintywhichdrugsarebestforindividualpatients,havelongbeenthegoalsofcancerresearchers.

Foratleast40years,oncologistshavepuzzledoverwhysomepatientsrespondsowelltochemotherapywhileothersobtainmodestbenefitsornoneatall.ThediscoverydecadesagothatlinkedachromosomeabnormalitytooneformofleukemiapavedthewayforthedevelopmentofthedrugGleevecbyDrukerandtheabilitytoidentifythepatientsmostlikelytobenefit.Morerecently,withthewealthofknowledgefromthehumanGenomeProject,researchershavebeenabletodevelopevenmorespecifictoolstocreategeneticprofilesoftumorsandmatchthoseprofileswiththerightdrugs.Thetoolsalsohelpdeterminewhichpatientsaremostlikelytoexperiencetheworstsideeffectsofspecifictypesofchemotherapyandguidethemtoothertreatments.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofChicagostudiedalterationsoftheUGT1A1gene,associatedwithanincreasedchanceofchemotherapysideeffects.MarkRatainandhisteamstudied61coloncancerpatientsreceivingirinotecanandlearnedthatpatientswithalterationsofthegenelabeledas7/7weremostlikelytosufferseverelossesofwhitebloodcells.Patientswiththe6/7alterationtypehadintermediatesideeffects,andpatientswiththe6/6typehadnone.

ScientistsattheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalexaminedgenesthatnormallyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagetoDNAincellscalledXPDandXRCC1.Thenumberofvariationsinthesegenesindicateshowlongapatientislikelytosurvive.SaradaGurubhagavatulaandherteamstudiedvariationsofthesegenesin103patientsdiagnosedwithadvancednon-small-celllungcancer.Patientswithatotalofthreevariationsinthegenessurvivedamedianof6.8months;thosewithtwovariationssurvived11months;patientswithonevariationsurvived16.6months;andthosewithnovariationssurvived20.4months.Gurubhagavatulasaysthevariationscouldbeidentifiedandthosewiththeworstpredictedoutcomesputonchemotherapyregimensthatofferbetteroddsofsurvival.

ScientistsatCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterandGenomicHealthInc.havedevelopedawaytotestlungtumorforgeneticprofilesassociatedwithresponsestothenewlungcancerdrugIressa.Thedrughasbeenshowntoshrinktumorsin10%to12%ofpatientswithadvancedlungcancer.DavidAgusatCedar-Sinaifoundapatternof185genesthatareturnedoffandoninamannerthatcorrelateswithresponsetoIressaortoalackofresponse.Whenusedcommercially,thetestwilltargetpatientsmostlikelytobenefitandwillallowpatientstomakeotherchoicesifthenegativeprofileisfound.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.

2.TheachievementsfromHumanGenomeProjectenableresearchersto

（

）.

3.Thepurposeoftheauthorinmentioningthethreeresearchesisto

（

）.

4.Saradaandherteamareconvincedthat

（

）.

5.Inthe3rdparagraph,theword"alteration"means（

）.

問題1選項

A.thesearchforeffectivecancertreatmentdrugs

B.thegoalsofcancertreatment

C.thesuccessinreadinggenes

D.thecancertreatmentbyexamination

問題2選項

A.diagnoseachromosomeabnormalitymoreaccurately.

B.developcancertreatmentdrugslikeGleevec.

C.administercancertreatmentwithlesssideeffect.

D.comeupwithchemotherapyasaneffectivetoolforcancertreatment.

問題3選項

A.makeacontrastiveanalysisofthem.

B.illustratetheachievementsincancertherapy.

C.presentthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.

D.showhowalteredgenescancausecancer.

問題4選項

A.researchongenesoffersthemgreaterpredictivepower.

B.lungcanceriscausedbyvariationofgenes.

C.patientscansurvivelungcancerbyalteringtheirgenes.

D.chemotherapycansaveeventheworstlungcancerpatients.

問題5選項

A.investigations

B.activities

C.predictions

D.changes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章的主要內容是……”。文章第一段提到癌癥研究者正在像占卜者看水晶球一樣來閱讀基因（Cancerresearchersarelearningtoreadgeneslikeacrystalballtopredicthowpatientswillrespondtocancertherapy）；文章第二段提到研究者如何通過基因計劃提高對癌癥這類病的了解，并研究出相應的藥物（Morerecently,withthewealthofknowledgefromthehumanGenomeProject,researchershavebeenabletodevelopevenmorespecifictoolstocreategeneticprofilesoftumorsandmatchthoseprofileswiththerightdrugs.），接下來的段落通過一些例子來說明在基因方面的成就，可知全文都是在講述基因檢測與癌癥治療，選項D符合題意。

2.細節事實題。題目問的是“人類基因工程的成果讓研究者……”。文章第二段提到“研究人員能夠開發出更具體的工具來創建腫瘤的基因圖譜，并將這些圖譜與正確的藥物進行匹配”（Morerecently,withthewealthofknowledgefromthehumanGenomeProject,researchershavebeenabletodevelopevenmorespecifictoolstocreategeneticprofilesoftumorsandmatchthoseprofileswiththerightdrugs），由此可知選項C“用副作用更少的藥物進行治療”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者提及三位研究者的目的是什么”。文章第三、四、五段是為了用具體的例子來說明在人類基因工程的幫助下，在治療癌癥方面取得的成就。選項B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“Sarada和她的團隊認為……”。文章第四段提到Sarada和她的團隊研究了能夠修復DNA中受損的基因。他們的研究了103例晚期非小細胞肺癌患者的這些基因變異，她認為這些變異可以被識別，然后把最糟糕的預測結果考慮進化學治療的實施中，從而提高生存幾率（thevariationscouldbeidentifiedandthosewiththeworstpredictedoutcomesputonchemotherapyregimensthatofferbetteroddsofsurvival），由此可以推斷選項A“對基因的研究提高了預測能力”符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目問的是“在第三段中，alteration的意思是……”。文章第三段第一句提到“芝加哥大學的研究人員研究了UGT1A1基因的改變，這與化學療法副作用增加有關”（ResearchersfromtheUniversityofChicagostudiedalterationsoftheUGT1A1gene,associatedwithanincreasedchanceofchemotherapysideeffects），alteration有“改變”的意思，選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Theawardceremonywillbethe______oftheinauguralSingaporeInternationalWaterWeekthatisheldfrom23to27June2008．

問題1選項

A.twilight

B.insight

C.highlight

D.highland

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。twilight“黃昏，薄暮”；insight“洞察力”；highlight“最精彩的部分”；highland“高地”。句意：屆新加坡國際水資源周于2008年6月23日至27日舉行，頒獎儀式將是開幕式上的亮點。因此C選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Aninternationaltreatysignedseveralyearsago（

）tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies.

問題1選項

A.bans

B.eliminates

C.promotes

D.protects

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。ban意為“明令禁止，取締”；eliminate意為“排除，取消”；promote意為“促進，推進”；protect意為“保護，保衛”。由主語aninternationaltreaty（國際條約）和賓語tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies（瀕危動植物的貿易）可知謂語動詞用ban符合邏輯。

句意：幾年前簽署的一項國際條約禁止瀕危動植物貿易。

11.不定項選擇題

測試新增的題干

問題1選項

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】A

【解析】第1題:測試試題解析

12.翻譯題

與群眾不同，知識分子喜歡推理，對事實感興趣。他們思想上批判的習性，使他們成為那種很能蠱惑大多數人的宣傳的抵制者。知識分子是那種重證據，厭惡不合乎邏輯和謬論的人。他們把過于簡單化看作是思想上犯錯誤的根源，他們不喜歡口號、絕對肯定和總的概括，而這些恰恰是宣傳家慣用的手法。在這個人口加速過度增長，組織加速過度膨脹，以及出現了更為有效的廣泛宣傳工具的時代里，我們如何能保存個性的完整，又如何能再堅持個人的價值呢？這是一個至今可提出并可能得到較好的回答的問題。再過一代，尋找答案可能為時已晚，而在那個未來的令人窒息的集體風氣中，可能壓根就想不起提出這樣的問題了。

【答案】Unlikethemass,theintellectualsliketoreasonandareinterestedinfacts.Withcriticalthinkinghabits,theyhavebecomeleaderswhoresistpropagandaswhichconfusemostpeople.Theclerisylaystressonevidence,andarenottooreadytobelieveillogicalityandfallacy.Theyconsideroversimplificationastherootofthoughttomakeamistake.Meanwhiletheacademiciansdislikeslogan,absoluteaffirmationandgrossgeneralization,whichareapropagandist’susualmeasures.Therefore,howcanwekeepupintegrityofpersonality,andhowtocontinueupholdingthevalueofindividualinfaceofoverpopulationandoverexpansionoforganizationsaswellasmanymoreeffectiveandcomprehensivepropagandatools?Uptonow,itisaquestionthatcanbeproposedandgivenagoodanswertobutitwillbetoolatetofindoutananswertosuchquestionforthenextgenerationinthefuturewherethestiflingcollectiveatmosphereprevails,descendantsmaynotthinkofsuchquestionatall.

13.單選題

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofsocialgroupintheUnitedStates.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroup,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon；rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Furthermore,althoughitiscommonlysupposedthatsocialgroupshaveasingleleader,researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.Groupmembersexpectexpressiveleaderstomaintainstablerelationshipswithinthegroupandprovidesupporttoindividualmembers.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveordersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyamoredistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT

3.Inmentioning“naturalleaders”inparagraphtwo,theauthorismakingthepointthat

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromparagraphtwo?

5.Thepassageindicatesthatinstrumentalleadersgenerallyfocuson

問題1選項

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups

問題2選項

A.recruitment.

B.formalelectionprocess.

C.specificleadershiptraining.

D.traditionalculturalpatterns.

問題3選項

A.fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders'

B.thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist.

C.“naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofasocialgroup.

D.“naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics.

問題4選項

A.Apersonwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderofanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

問題5選項

A.ensuringharmoniousrelationship.

B.sharingresponsibilitywithgroupmembers.

C.identifyingnewleaders.

D.achievingagoal.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據文章第一句，“thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofsocial…”，開篇點題，在美國有很多種方式成為某個團體的領導者。所以主要闡述不同領導者在社會中的角色。選項D符合題意。

2.細節理解題。根據文章第一段，在家庭、友誼小組或更大的群體中，領導產生的方式不相同，探討了每一種團體的領導產生方式。選項C符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據文章第二段，“decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”，數十年都沒有充足的證據來證明存在“天生領導者”，選項B符合題意。

4.信息推斷題。考查對第二段文意的理解。文中提到只要一個人有特定的資質就能成為領導人。根據文章“anypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup”，可以成為特定團體的領導者。選項A符合題意。

5.細節理解題。根據文章第三段，“…maydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.”，“…iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,…”根據這兩句可以得出，工具性領導者更加注重目標一些。選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

Healwaystakesprideinhiswork.Heisvery______.

問題1選項

A.humble

B.devoted

C.respective

D.formal

【答案】B

【