2017年高考“2017年高考“最后三十天”專題透析好教育云平臺--教育因你我而變好教育云平臺--教育因你我而變專題六專題六××七選五命題趨勢命題趨勢《考試說明》對閱讀七選五題型命題目的的表述為“主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。”在選擇文本材料的時候，命題人就要考慮文本內(nèi)容的整體性和邏輯性。縱觀近三年高考全國卷閱讀七選五的選材，主要是以貼近考生生活或者考生感興趣的說明文為主，偶爾出現(xiàn)記敘文(如2017年全國卷Ⅰ)。說明文文體的文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹、層次分明、條理清晰、邏輯嚴密。文中常含有ways,methods,skills,techniques,suggestions,tips,steps,how,howtodosth.等詞，這些詞都是關(guān)鍵性的提示詞、總結(jié)詞，有利于考生準確把握文章主旨。閱讀七選五文中設(shè)五個空，依據(jù)挖空位置，可將5個題目分為段首題、段中題和段尾題；依據(jù)句子在文中的作用，可分為“主旨概括句(涉及文章整體內(nèi)容)”“語段過渡句(反映文章結(jié)構(gòu))”和“細節(jié)注釋句(反映上下文的邏輯關(guān)系)”三個類型。考點清單考點清單1.語境線索1)詞匯重現(xiàn)（以不同詞類、詞性、數(shù)、格、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)。或者以同義詞、近義詞甚至反義詞等形式出現(xiàn)）2)指稱（用代詞替代前文已出現(xiàn)的人物、事件、物品等，如he,she,they，them）3)邏輯關(guān)系詞★并列與遞進關(guān)系：and,or,also,neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame…as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto,whatismore★轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof,itistruethat,although,though,eventhough,evenif,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof★因果關(guān)系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,asaresult,becauseof,inthat,forthisreason,ofcourse★順序關(guān)系：afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,tostartwith，inthemeantime,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,tobeginwith★解釋關(guān)系★因果關(guān)系★轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系2.根據(jù)空格所在位置確定不同的解題策略1)如果空格在段首或為段落標題，通常是段落主題句。2)如果空格在段尾，通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword。3)如果空格是一整個自然段，通常是承上啟下的句子。精題集訓(xùn)精題集訓(xùn)（60分鐘）經(jīng)典訓(xùn)練題經(jīng)典訓(xùn)練題（一）Apps(shortforapplications)arebecomingincreasinglypopularnowadays,andforgoodreason.Theycanhelpyououtinjustabouteveryareaofyourlife,whetherit'skeepingfit,communicatingwithfriends,orevenlearningalanguage.___1____Here'swhatyoushouldthinkaboutbeforedownloadinganappforlanguagelearning.Learnfromdiversesources(notjustapps)Anyseasonedlanguagelearnerwilltellyouthatthebeautyofmasteringaforeignlanguageistheworldwhichitopensuptoyou.Thisisaworldofdiversesources(來源)ofinformation,fromnewspapersandbookstoTV,radio,musicandevenrealpeople.Wouldyoulimityourselftoonemediuminyournativelanguage?____2___EstablishyourpurposeandplanyourhabitsDoyouwanttobefluentinweeksorareyouinitforthebraintraining?Thegoodappsaredesignedtohelpyoufityourstudiesaroundyourtimetable.____3___Theseappsencouragehabitbuilding,becausethesuccessfulformationofahabitensuresyoursafeandregularreturn.Makeitsocial____4___Imeansocialforreal.IowethespeedofprogressImadeinItaliantothesupportfromJim,mypartnerinstudytime.Findafriendtoaccompanyyou.Takeaneveningclass.Borrowabook.Buyabook.Bookaweekawayandattendalanguageschool.Justdon'tforgetyourphone!IfImayspeaksincerely,thecombinationofapp,languageschool,Jim,eveningsout,andachoicebookortwoprovedextremelyeffective.____5____Irecommendit.Rememberthatanappisjustatool.C.No,Idon'tmeanpostingyourprogressonline.D.Iencourageyoutouseappsasoftenasyoucan.E.Probablynot,sowhydosoinyournewlanguage?F.Thebestappsadaptthemselvesbaseduponyourbehavior.G.However,youneedtoknowhowtousethemproperlytoreallybenefit.【答案】1-5GEFCA【解析】本文為說明文，主要介紹了使用APP學(xué)習(xí)語言的幾種不同方法。1.過渡銜接句。根據(jù)下文可知，作者對于讀者關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何使用APP學(xué)習(xí)語言從而真正獲益提出了一些建議，下文都是建議使用的方法。故G項最為符合文意。2.細節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)本段上文可以推知，上文講述的是掌握一門語言這件事所擁有的魅力在于它為你展現(xiàn)的一整個世界，一個具有多重來源的世界。它告訴我們不能局限在一個單一的信息源上，而是需要多渠道地關(guān)照語言背后的世界。故E項即對前句的設(shè)問做出了回答，也最為符合段意。3.細節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)“theseappsencouragehabitbuilding”可知，此空涉及的對象為一些可以促成良好行為習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成的APP。又根據(jù)前句可知“Thegoodappsaredesignedtohelpyoufityourstudiesaroundyourtimetable”即好的APP可以根據(jù)你的時間表來安排、促進你的學(xué)習(xí)。呼應(yīng)上下文，F(xiàn)選項最為貼合段意，也即最好的APP會基于使用者的行為來調(diào)整自身。4.細節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)后文“Imeansocialforreal”可知，此空應(yīng)為前后對比。作者在后文舉例說明了“makeitsocial”的真實含義并不是讓讀者把學(xué)習(xí)的進度公布在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，而是將學(xué)習(xí)融入生活的各個方面，比如和伙伴一同學(xué)習(xí)，或是報名參加語言學(xué)校，都是可以提升自己語言能力的好方法。故C選項為正確選項。5.主旨概括句。根據(jù)上文“Don’tforgetyourphone!”我們可知，作者希望讀者在完成上述文章中提及的事情時不要忘記使用APP，也即要多用APP進行語言學(xué)習(xí)。故本題A項最為符合題意。（二）Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.6Doyouwanttobeagoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public”attheexpenseofthe“speaking.”7Focusonthespeaking.Talkdirectlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewhocaresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People’sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage.So,don’tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit’satrulyseriousone.8Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.9Andlikeeverythingelseinlife,thattakespractice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.10It’sraretohearsomeonesay,“Iwishthatspeakerhadspokenlonger.”O(jiān)ntheotherhand,youprobablycan’tcountthetimesthatyou’vethought,“I’mgladthattalkisover.Itseemedtogoonforever!”Sosurpriseyouraudience.Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthananticipated.It’sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethanshiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.A.Dotheopposite.B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C.Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.F.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners.G.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.【答案】6-10GACBD【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了成為一個優(yōu)秀的演說家必須掌握的原則。6.過渡銜接句。本文結(jié)構(gòu)為總分，第一段總領(lǐng)全文，設(shè)空前一句談到有些人生來就有演講的天賦，后一句設(shè)問你想成為一個優(yōu)秀的演說家嗎？以下是一些你必須掌握的原則，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，審視選項，G（然而，大多數(shù)人之所以能成為有效的演講者，是因為他們受過訓(xùn)練。）符合文意，故選G。7.細節(jié)支撐句。設(shè)空前一句談到很多時候，當你站起來演講時，你會把注意力放在“公眾”上，而不是“演講”上，后文談到專注于演講，直接和你的聽眾交談，做你自己，建立聯(lián)系。審視選項，A（做相反的事。）符合文意，故選A。8.主旨概括句。設(shè)空處位于段末，此段主要告訴人們不要害怕犯錯，聽眾的注意力總是分散的，所以，當你犯錯時不要停止說話，除非是非常嚴重的錯誤，審視選項，C（你不需要為一個小失誤道歉。）符合文意，故選C。9.細節(jié)支撐句。設(shè)空前一句談到你的目標不是成為一個完美的公眾演說家，根據(jù)復(fù)現(xiàn)詞“speaker”，且設(shè)空后文談到就像生活中的其他事情一樣，這需要練習(xí)可知，B（你想成為一個有效的公眾演說家。）符合文意，故選B。10.主旨概括句。設(shè)空處位于段首，結(jié)合本段大意尤其是“It’sraretohearsomeonesay,“Iwishthatspeakerhadspokenlonger.”...“I’mgladthattalkisover.Itseemedtogoonforever!”和“It’sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethanshiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.”可知，聽眾希望演講是言簡意賅的，審視選項，D（就公開演講而言，通常少即是多。）符合文意，故選D。高頻易錯題高頻易錯題(三)Doyouinvesttoomuchvalueintowordsaddedbystrangers?Nomatterwhatyoudoorsay,orhowyouact,peoplewillalwaysgivetheiropinionsaboutyou.11Otherwise,you'llallowothers'opinionstonotonlyhurtyou,butoftendefineyou.Herearewaystostopcaringaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofyou.Keepinmindnoteveryonecares.Everyoneistroubledbyanxiety,andtheymightbetoobusytoimmediatelyrecognizeyours.12They'realwaystoobusythinkingabouttheirfamilies,work,andwhateverelsetoformadetailedopinionaboutyou.Thinkaboutwhoyouwanttobe.Byallowingothers'opinionstoinfluenceanddominateyourlife,you'rehandingthemyourpower.Ifyoucanrelatetothis,askyourself,whatdoyouwant?Areyoumakingthesechoicesonlytoimpressothers?13Acceptnoteveryonewilllikeyou.Inlife,somepeoplewilllikeyouandothersmightnot.14Butmostofthetime,that'stheirmindsetonly,whichhasnothingtodowithyou.Therewillbepeoplewhowillacceptallofyouandpeoplewhowillbesupportiveandkind.Thesearethepeoplewhodeservetowalkwithyou.15Youmayworryaboutendinguplookinglikeafoolbecauseofamistake,butmistakesareunavoidable.Whenyouovercomeyourfearofmakingmistakesandbuildresiliencetothepainthatmaycomefromfailure,youwillbeunstoppable.Onewaytodealwithanxietiesaboutmessingupistomakealistofallthepossiblethingsthatcouldgowrong.A.Takeonthechallenges.B.Don'tletthemgettoyou.C.Theonlyopinionthatmatterstoyouisyours.D.Thekeyistobeselectiveaboutwhatyoucareabout.E.Peopleallaroundyouhaveenoughtooccupytheirminds.F.Itisreallyhardtofacesomeonewhohasnegativeviewsofyou.G.Evenyourdecisions,fromthisangle,willhelpyoubecomeself-confident.【答案】11-15BEDFA【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講如何正確看待別人對自己的評價。11.根據(jù)下文“Otherwise,you'llallowothers’opinionstonotonlyhurtyou,butoftendefineyou.”中的“otherwise”可知，前后句應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后文提到別人對你的評價，會對你帶來傷害。前文應(yīng)該是避免這種事情發(fā)生，所以不能讓那些評價影響到你。gettosb.影響某人，故選B。12.本段主要講的是人們并不會太在意對你的評價，因為他們忙于各種事務(wù)當中。后文提到人們忙于考慮家人、工作或者其他，以至于不能對你做出更細致的評價。Peopleallaroundyouhaveenoughtooccupytheirminds.你周圍的人要處理的事務(wù)占據(jù)了他們的大腦。引出下文具體有哪些事務(wù)，故選E。13.根據(jù)上文“Ifyoucanrelatetothis,askyourself,whatdoyouwant?”可知，問一問自己你想要什么。Thekeyistobeselectiveaboutwhatyoucareabout.關(guān)鍵是對你所關(guān)心的事情要有選擇性，選擇你真正在乎的，與他人無關(guān)，符合本段主題，whatdoyouwant呼應(yīng)whatyoucareabout。故選D。14.上文“Acceptnoteveryonewilllikeyou.Inlife,somepeoplewilllikeyouandothersmightnot.”接受生活中不是所有人都喜歡你。Itisreallyhardtofacesomeonewhohasnegativeviewsofyou.面對這些對你有消極印象的人真的很難。選項中的“someonewhohasnegativeviewsofyou”呼應(yīng)前文的“Acceptnoteveryonewilllikeyou.”，承接上文，符合語境，故選F。15.下文“Youmayworryaboutendinguplookinglikeafoolbecauseofamistake,butmistakesareunavoidable.”，不要擔(dān)心犯錯后像個傻子，錯誤是不可避免的。可知，多做有挑戰(zhàn)的事可以得到成長。Takeonthechallenges.接受挑戰(zhàn)，符合本段大意，故選A。（四）Weallwanttogosomewhere—somewherethathasbeenonourbucketlistages.16Weoftenpicturethesceneslikefourcitiesinsevendays,“must-see’s”inTokyo，famouslandmarksinEuropeandsoon.It’sasifthefasterwe’recheckingthingsoffourlist,themoreweareexperiencing.17Traveler,theSouthKoreanrealityshow,canperhapsgiveussomeideaofwhattravelislikeTraveler'stravelersdon'thaveamissionandthereisn’tacompetitionforthemtowin.Instead,itfocuseson“depicting(描繪)therealexperienceoftravelingbyshowingtheprocessesoffindingaplacetostayorgrabbing(攔下)ataxi”,accordingtoTheKoreaTimes.18Itisn’taboutgettingornotgettingsomewhereasquicklyaspossible,butaboutsimplybeingexcitedasyou’regettingthereornotgettingthereatall.19Youmayignoretheguidebook’srecommendationandasklocalpeoplewheretheyprefertoeatandhangout.Andyou’llbesurprisedbywhataplacehastoofferwhenyou’renotbusyrushingaroundandcheckingthingsoffyourbucketlist.Travelisjustlikelife.Thereislittlefuninitifeverythingispredictable.20ButastravelblogCheeseWebputsit,aslongasyoukeepanopenmind,you’llseethat“everywhereis‘somewhere”’.A.It’struethatweallwanttogo“somewhere”.B.Butdoyouknowwhatyouareexperiencing?C.Whynotstoprushingyouoffyourfeetandslowdown?D.Thisisactuallytheconceptofwhat’scalled“slowtravel”.E.So,wetendtosqueezeasmanysightsintoourtripaspossible.F.Youmaytrytowanderoffthemainroadandtakeabackstreetinstead.G.However,concerningit’sprobablynotquantitythatcountsbutquality.【答案】16-20EGDFA【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“慢旅游”這種旅游方式的含義與意義。16.后文提到我們旅游的方式，通常是七天內(nèi)游覽四個城市、到東京的‘必看之地’、歐洲著名的地標建筑等等。就好像我們越快把事情從清單上劃掉，我們經(jīng)歷的就越多。說明我們旅行得匆匆忙忙。E項中squeezeasmanysightsintoourtripaspossible對應(yīng)下文中的picturethesceneslikefourcitiesinsevendays,“must-see’s”inTokyo,famouslandmarksinEuropeandsoon。故選E項。17.由下一句Traveler,theSouthKoreanrealityshow,canperhapsgiveussomeideaofwhattravelislikeTraveler'stravelersdon'thaveamissionandthereisn’tacompetitionforthemtowin.可知，這才是有質(zhì)量的旅行，承接下文，G選項“然而，重要的可能不是數(shù)量而是質(zhì)量”切題；該選項中的countsbutquality對應(yīng)下文中的“有質(zhì)量的旅行”內(nèi)容。故選G項。18.由下一句Itisn’taboutgettingornotgettingsomewhereasquicklyaspossible,butaboutsimplybeingexcitedasyou’regettingthereornotgettingthereatall.可知，承接下文，D選項“這實際上就是所謂的‘慢旅游’的概念。”切題；下一句是對本空“慢旅游”的概念的解釋。故選D項。19.由下一句“你可以忽略旅游指南的建議，問問當?shù)厝讼矚g在哪里吃飯和閑逛”可知，承接下文，F(xiàn)選項“你可以試著離開主干道，改走偏僻的街道”切題；該選項和下一句是并列表述，都是在舉例說明怎么去慢旅游，本段的最后一句話是說這樣的慢旅游會給人帶來驚喜，也就是進一步說明慢旅游的好處。故選F項。20.由下一句“但正如旅游博客CheeseWeb所說，只要你保持開放的心態(tài)，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)“到處都是‘某處’”。”可知，承接下文，A選項“的確，我們都想去‘某個地方’”切題；該選項中的somewhere對應(yīng)下文中的everywhereis‘somewhere’，屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A項。精準預(yù)測題精準預(yù)測題（五）Theagingprocessaffectsthehumanbodyinmanyways.Onethingthathappenstoallofusasweageismuscleloss.Someexpertssayitcanstartasearlyasage30.Infact,musclelossmaybeanaturalpartofaging.21Itisbettertostartstrengthtrainingwhenyouareyoungerandingoodhealth.Butwhatexactlyis“strengthtraining”?Simplyput,strengthtrainingisanactivitythatmakesone'smusclesstronger.Herearereasonstostartyourstrengthtrainingtoday.Developstrongbones22whichcanincreasethethicknessordensityofbonesandreduceyourriskofdevelopingosteoporosis(骨質(zhì)疏松癥)—adiseasethatweakensbones,makingthemeasytobreak.23Strengthtrainingcanhelpyoutotakecontrolofyourweightandevenloseweight.Muscleweighsmorethanfat.Butmuscleincreasesyourmetabolism(新陳代謝),andahighermetabolismhelpsyouburnmorecalories.ImproveyourqualityoflifeStrengthtrainingcanimproveyourabilitytodoeverydayactivities.Forexample,havingstrongermusclesmakesiteasiertoliftandmovethings.Strongmusclescanimproveyourbalance.24Asweage,thiscangreatlyaddtoyourqualityoflife.ImproveyourthinkingskillsMayoClinicsayssomeresearchshowsthatregularstrengthtraining,whencombinedwithotherkindsofexercise,hasgoodresults.25A.Then,letitaloneB．ManageyourweightC．EnhancethevalueofweightlossD．ButyoucandosomethingstoslowitdownE.StrengthtrainingputspressureonyourbonesF.ItmayhelpolderadultsunderstandandlearnbetterG.So,yourriskoffallingorgettinginjuredmaybelessened【答案】21-25DEBGF【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了力量訓(xùn)練給人們帶來的積極影響。21．根據(jù)上文Infact,musclelossmaybeanaturalpartofaging.可知，肌肉喪失是無法逆轉(zhuǎn)的。下文“Itisbettertostartstrengthtrainingwhenyouareyoungerandingoodhealth.說明，我們對于肌肉喪失這個問題還是可以做一些事情來減緩的。故選D項。22．根據(jù)小標題Developstrongbones可知，填空處應(yīng)與骨骼（bones）的相關(guān)論述有關(guān)。E選項Strengthtrainingputspressureonyourbones符合段落語境。故選E項。23．下文Strengthtrainingcanhelpyoutotakecontrolofyourweightandevenloseweight.說明力量訓(xùn)練可以有效幫助自己管理體重。B選項Manageyourweight為本段的小標題。故選B項。24．上文Strongmusclescanimproveyourbalance.說明強壯肌肉提高平衡感后能夠減少摔倒的風(fēng)險。G選項So,yourriskoffallingorgettinginjuredmaybelessened可知，摔倒和受傷的風(fēng)險降低都和擁有強壯肌肉有關(guān)，符合文意。故選G項。25．根據(jù)小標題Improveyourthinkingskills可知，肌肉訓(xùn)練可以幫助思維能力的提升。F選項Itmayhelpolderadultsunderstandandlearnbetter.可知，思維能力的提高包括了兩個方面理解和學(xué)習(xí)，因此F選項符合文意。故選F項。（六）Everyonewantstobehappy,butformanyofus,thepathtocontentmentisn'talwaysclear.Happinessisn'tapassivestate.26Ifyou'rereadytostartbecomingamorejoyfulversionofyourself,herearesomehabitsthatwillhelpyougetthere.Practicegratitude(感激).Thinkaboutallthethingsinyourlifethatyouappreciateandstartwritingthemdownonceaday.Itcanbeonethingormany.Thechoiceisyours!27Spendtimewithpeoplewhobringyoujoy.Maketimeforthefriendsandfamilymemberswhocelebrateyouraccomplishmentsandsupportyouduringhardtimes28Whenyou'remeetingnewpeople,sticktotheoneswhoarefullofhappiness,whichwillincreaseyourhappiness.29There'snothinglikethefeelingofachievingyourdreams.Therefore,thinkaboutwhatyouwantoutoflife,largeandsmall,andgettoworkonmakingithappen!Notonlywillthisincreaseyourconfidenceandself-worth,butitwillalsogiveyouasenseofpurpose!Giveoptimismatry.30Forexample,whenyoustarttogetstressed,thinkaboutsomethinggoodfromyourdaytobalanceoutthenegativeemotions(負面情緒).Optimistsmakeachoicetofocusonthegoodintheirlifeinsteadofonthebad.Inoneword,happinessis