教學目專業詞 System運動osteology骨學skeleton骨骼bone骨diaphysis骨干epiphysis骨骺metaphysis干骺端medullary髓腔epiphysealcartilage骺軟骨epiphysealline骺線compact(ordense)bone骨密質spongyorcancellous)bone骨松質diploe板障periosteum骨膜bonemarrow骨髓vertebra椎骨vertebralcolumn脊柱atlas寰椎axis樞cervicalvertebra頸椎thoracicvertebra胸椎lumbarvertebra腰椎sacrum骶骨coccyxsternum胸骨manubriumbodyofthesternumxiphoidprocess劍sternalangle胸骨角jugularnotch頸靜脈切跡rib肋骨costalarch肋弓skull(orcranium)顱frontalbone額骨occipitalbone枕骨sphenoidbone蝶骨temporalboneparietalbone頂ethmoidbone篩inferiornasalconcha下鼻lacrimalbone淚骨nasalbone鼻骨vomer犁骨maxilla上頜骨palatinebone腭骨zygomaticbone顴骨mandible下頜骨hyoidbone舌骨inion(orexternaloccipitalprotuberance)枕superiornuchalline上項grooveforsuperiorsagittalsinus上矢狀竇anteriorcranialfossa顱前cribriformplateoftheethmoidbone篩middlecranialfossa顱中窩hypophysealfossa垂體窩opticc dorsumsellae鞍背foramenlacerum破裂孔foramenrotundum圓孔foramenovale卵圓孔foramenspinosum棘孔superiororbitalfissure眶上裂posteriorcranialfossa顱后窩foramenmagnum枕骨大孔hypoglossalc jugularforamen頸靜脈孔internaloccipitalprotuberance枕內隆突groovefortransversesinus橫竇溝grooveforsigmoidsinus乙狀竇溝carotidc styloidprocess莖stylomastoidforamen莖乳pterion翼infratemporalfossa顳下pterygopalatinefossa翼腭orbitsupraorbitalforamen(ornotchinfraorbitalforamen眶下孔mentalforamen頦孔lacrimalsac淚囊nasolacrimalc superior(middle，andinferior)nasalparanasalsinus鼻旁竇maxillarysinus上頜竇fonticuliorfontanelles)顱clavicle鎖骨scapula肩胛骨humerus肱骨radius橈骨ulna尺骨carpus腕骨metacarpus掌骨phalanges指骨、趾骨hipbone髖骨acetabulum髖臼ilium髂骨ischium坐骨pubis恥骨pelvis骨盆femur股骨 la髕骨tibia脛骨fibula腓骨tarsus跗骨talus距骨calcaneus跟骨metatarsus跖骨fibrousjoint纖維連結syndesmosis韌帶連結suture縫cartilagejoint軟骨連結synovialjoint滑膜關結articularsurface關節面articularcapsule關節囊articular關節腔ligament韌帶articulardisc關節盤articularlabrum關節唇flexion屈extension伸adduction收abduction展rotation旋轉circumduction環轉pronation旋前supination旋后eversion外翻inversion內翻dorsiflexion背屈plantarfiexion跖屈intervertebraldisc椎間盤fiavumligament黃韌帶thoraciccage胸廓temporomandibularjoint顳下頜關節sternoclavicularjoint胸鎖關節shoulderjoint肩關節glenoidlabrum盂elbowjoint肘關anularligamentofradius橈骨環狀韌帶proximalradioulnarjoint橈尺近側關節distalradioulnarjojnt橈尺遠側關節wristjoint(orradiocarpaljoint)腕關節(腕關節flexorretinaculum屈肌支持帶extensorretinaculum伸肌支持帶carpometacarpaljoint腕掌關節metacarpophalangealjoint掌指關節interphalangealjoint指間關節pubicsymphysis恥骨聯合sacroiliacjoint骶髂關節sacrotuberousligament骶結節韌帶sacrospinousligament骶棘韌帶hipjoint髖關節tereligamentofheadoffemur股骨頭韌kneejoint膝關cruciateligamentofknee膝關節的交叉韌lateralmeniscus外側半月板medialmeniscus內側半月板anklejoint踝關節archofthefoot足muscle肌肉tendon肌腱aponeurosis腱膜fascia筋膜superficialfascia淺筋膜deepfascia深筋膜tendonsheath腱鞘fibroustendonsheath腱纖維鞘synovialtendonsheath腱滑膜鞘latissimusdorsimuscle背闊肌trapeziusmuscle斜方肌erectorspinaemuscle豎脊platysma頸闊sternocleidomastoidmuscle胸鎖乳突scalenimuscles斜角肌pectoralismajormusclepectoralisminormuscle胸小serratusanteriormuscle前鋸diaphragm膈obliquusexternusabdominismuscle腹外斜obliquusinternusabdominismuscle腹內斜transversusabdonminismuscle腹橫masticatorymuscles咀嚼facialmuscles面deltoidmuscle三角bicepsbrachiimuscle肱二頭肌tricepsbrachiimuscle肱三頭肌pronatorteresmuscle旋前圓肌flexorcarpiradialismuscle橈側腕屈肌palmarislongusmuscle掌長肌flexorcarpiulnarismuscle尺側腕屈肌flexordigitorumsuperiicialismuscle指淺屈flexordigitorumprofundusmuscle指深屈flexorpollicislongusmuscle拇長屈肌pronatorquadratusmuscle旋前方肌extensorcarpiradialislongusmuscle橈側腕extensorcarpiradialisbrevismuscle橈側腕extensordigitorummuscle指伸supinatormuscle旋后肌thenarmuscles魚際肌hypothenarmuscles小魚際肌lumbricalmuscle蚓狀肌interosseusmuscle骨間肌 usmusele臀大肌piriformismuscle梨狀肌quadricepsfemorismuscle股四sartoriusmuscle縫匠bicepsfemorismuscle股二頭肌semitendinosusmusele半腱肌semimembranosusmuscle半膜肌tricepssuraemuscle小腿三頭肌emiusmuscle腓腸肌soleusmuscle比目魚肌tendocalcaneus跟腱教學目教學目專業詞skull(orcranium)顱frontalbone額骨occipitalbone枕骨sphenoidbone蝶骨temporalbone顳骨parietalbone頂骨ethmoidbone篩骨inferiornasalconcha下鼻lacrimalbone淚骨nasalbone鼻骨vomer犁骨maxilla上頜骨palatinebone腭骨zygomaticbone顴骨mandible下頜骨hyoidbone舌骨inion(orexternaloccipitalprotuberance)枕superiornuchalline上項grooveforsuperiorsagittalsinus上矢狀竇anteriorcranialfossa顱前cribriformplateoftheethmoidbone篩middlecranialfossa顱中窩hypophysealfossa垂體窩opticc dorsumsellae鞍背foramenlacerum破裂孔foramenrotundum圓孔foramenovale卵圓孔foramenspinosum棘孔superiororbitalfissure眶上裂posteriorcranialfossa顱后窩foramenmagnum枕骨大孔hypoglossal 舌下神經jugularforamen頸靜脈internaloccipitalprotuberance枕內隆突groovefortransversesinus橫竇溝grooveforsigmoidsinus乙狀竇溝carotidc styloidprocess莖突stylomastoidforamen莖乳孔pterion翼點infratemporalfossa顳下窩pterygopalatinefossa翼腭窩orbit眶supraorbitalforamen(ornotch)眶上孔(或infraorbitalforamen眶下孔mentalforamen頦孔lacrimalsac淚囊nasolacrimalc superior(middle，andinferior)nasalparanasalsinus鼻旁竇maxillarysinus上頜竇fonticuliorfontanelles)顱clavicle鎖骨scapula肩胛骨humerus肱骨radius橈骨ulna尺骨carpus腕骨metacarpus掌骨phalanges指骨、趾骨hipbone髖骨acetabulum髖臼ilium髂骨ischium坐pubis恥pelvis骨盆femur股骨pala髕骨tibia脛骨fibula腓骨tarsus跗骨talus距骨calcaneus跟骨metatarsus跖骨教學目3個主要步驟；程的3個時期，掌握臨界融合頻率的概念；掌握主動張力和張力的概念，后專業詞neuromuscularjunction（神經-肌接頭）Endplatepotential(終板電位)FilamentSlidingmechanism（肌絲滑行理論Excitation-contractioncoupling（興奮—收縮耦聯）isometriccontraction（等長收縮）isotoniccontraction（等張收縮pleteTetanus（不完全強直收縮）CompleteTetanus（完全強直收縮）Preload前負荷initiallength（初長度）ATP供能的關系；掌握網織紅細胞的結構特點和數量變化專業詞匯血液紅細胞血紅蛋白hemoglobinreticulocyte白細胞leukocyteneutrophileosinophil嗜堿粒細胞basophil單核細胞monocyte淋巴細胞lymphocyte血小板bloodplaet骨髓bonemarrowhemopoieticstem教學目、掌握血細胞比容和血量的概念及其正常值；了解血漿的主要成分，掌握血漿蛋白的組分及其主要功能了解血液血漿紅細胞的掌握全血粘度和pH要緩沖對；3掌握紅細胞的生理特征與功能紅細胞生成所需的原（DNA的輔因子、生理特性和功能，了解白細胞的生成和調節，白細胞的與破壞方式；掌握血小板的功能，了解血小板的生成和調節，血小板的與破壞方式；專業詞InternalEnvironment內環境Homeostasis穩態Hematocrit血細胞比容CrystalloidOsmoticPressure晶體滲透壓ColloidOsmoticPressure膠體滲透壓Suspensionstability懸浮穩定性ErythrocyteSedimentationRateOsmoticfragilityErythropoiesisAnaemiaPhysiologicalhemostasisBloodcoagulation凝血Adhesion粘附AggregationBloodcoagulation血液凝固Clottingfactors intrinsicpathway內源性途徑extrinsicpathway外源性途徑Anticlottingsystems抗凝系統 Fibrinolysis纖維蛋白溶解Bloodgroups血型Cross-matchtest教學目4、掌握惡性組織細胞增生癥和Langerhans細胞組織細胞增生癥的病理特點專業詞extramedullaryhemopoiesismirrorimagecellnon-Hodgkin'slymphomamycosisfungoides蕈樣霉菌病Reed-steinbergcellR-S細胞leukemoidreaction類白血病反應lacunarcell陷窩細胞hairycellleukemiachloromaleukemiamalignantlymphoma惡性淋巴瘤lymphoidneoplasms淋巴樣腫瘤Burkitt'slymphomaBurkitt淋巴瘤Hodgkin'slymphoma霍奇金病教學目（與肝素比較）B12的作用、用途及其評價；專業詞AnticoagulantdrugsHeparinLowmolecularweightheparin(LMWH)Protamine魚精蛋白Coumarins香豆素類Dicoumarol雙香豆素Warfarin華法林Antiplaetdrugs抗血小板AspirinAcetylsalicylicacid)(乙酰水楊酸)Ticlopidine噻氯匹啶Dipyridamole雙嘧達Abciximab阿昔單Thrombolyticdrugs纖維蛋白溶解藥Streptokinase(SK)鏈激酶Urokinase(UK)尿激酶Tissueplasminogenactivatort-PA)DrugsfortreatmentofbleedingVitamineKKAntifibrinolytics抗纖維蛋白溶解劑p-Aminomethylbenzoicacide(PAMBA)Tranexamicacid(AMCHA)氨甲環酸Drugsfortreatmentofanemia抗貧血藥Ironandironsalts鐵劑FolicacidCalciumfolinateVitaminB12紅細胞生成素(EPO)Hematopoieticgrowthagents血細胞生長促進藥DrugsstimulatingleukocytopoiesisGranulaocytecolony-stimulatingfactor粒細胞集落刺激因子(G-Granulaocyte/macrophagecolony-stimulatingfactor粒細胞/巨噬細胞集落刺激DrugsfortreatmentofhypovolemiaDextran右旋糖酐專業詞VascularSystem脈管系統cardiovascularsystem心血管系統heart心arteryveincapillary毛細血管rightatrium右心房rightauricle右心耳rightventricletricuspidvalvemitralvalve二尖瓣fossaovalis卵圓窩supraventricularcrest室上嵴chordaetendineae腱索papillarymuscle肌conusarterlosus動脈圓錐pulmonaryvalve肺動脈瓣aorticvalve主動脈瓣interatrialseptum房間隔interventricularseptumsinoatrialnode竇房結atrioventricularnode結coronaryartery冠狀動脈 sinus冠狀竇pericardium心包教學目專業詞專業詞eryghrocyteneutrophilicgranulocyte中性粒細胞eosinophilicgranulocyte嗜酸性粒細胞basophilicgranulocyte嗜堿性粒細胞lymphocyte淋巴細胞monocytebloodplaet血小板P細胞、移行細胞和蒲肯野纖維的光鏡結構和超微結構特點；專業詞circulatorysystemcapillary毛細血管sinusoid血竇artery動脈vein靜脈endocardium心內膜myocardium心肌膜epicardium心外膜教學目身調節（Starling機制），心肌收縮能力的改變對搏出量的調節，后負荷對搏出專業詞cardiaccycle心動周期systole收縮期diastole舒張期periodofisovolumiccontractionperiodofrapidejectionperiodofslowejectionperiodofisovolumicrelaxationperiodofrapidfillingperiodofslowfillingHeartSoundstrokevolume每搏輸出量ejectionfraction射血分數cardiacoutput心輸出量cardiacindex心指數ventricularfunctioncurvecardiaccontractility心肌收縮能力rigorcomplex肌纖蛋白聯結體cardiacreserve心力貯備autorhythmicity自律性workingcardiaccell工作細胞rhythmiccell自律細胞PlateauPhase平臺期Restingphase靜息期effectiverefractoryperiod有效不應期relativerefractoryperiod相對不應期supranormalperiod超常期normalpacemaker正常起搏點preoccupation搶先占領overdrivesuppression驅動壓抑Atrioventriculardelay延擱Electrocardiogram(ECG)心電圖教學目專業詞aortaascendingaorta升主動脈aorticarch主動脈弓descendingaorta降主動脈thoracicaorta胸主動脈abdominalaorta腹主動脈commoncarotidartery頸總動脈externalcarotidartery頸外動脈internalcarotidartery頸內動脈superiorthyroidartery甲狀腺上動脈subclavianartery鎖骨下動脈thyrocervicaltrunk甲狀頸干axillaryarterybrachialarteryradialarteryulnarartery尺動脈superficialpalmararch掌淺弓renalatrery腎動脈testicularartery動ovarianartery動coeliacartery(orcoeliactrunk)腹腔動脈(或腹腔干)leftgastricartery胃左動脈commonhepaticartery肝總動splenicarterysuperiormesenterlcartery腸系膜上動脈inferiormesentericartery腸系膜下動脈commoniliacartery髂總動脈internaliliacartery髂內動脈externaliliacartery髂外動脈femoralartery股動脈profundafemorisarterypoplitealartery腘動脈anteriortibialartery脛前動脈posteriortibialarterysuperiorglutealartery臀上動脈inferiorglutealartery臀下動脈obturatorartery閉孔動脈internalpudendalartery內動uterlneartery動脈專業詞bloodflowbloodpressurearterialbloodpressure動脈血壓peripheral外周阻力compliance順應性systolicpressure收縮壓diastolicpressure舒張壓pulsepressure脈壓meanarterialpressure平均動脈壓centralvenouspressure中心靜脈壓microcirculation微循環thoroughfarechannel直捷通路arteriovenousshunt動-靜脈短路filtration濾過reabsorptioneffectivefiltrationpressure有效濾過壓專業詞CardiacSympatheticNerve心交感神經CardiacVagalNerve心迷走神經VasoconstrictorFibers縮血管神經纖維VasodilatorFibers舒血管神經纖維SympatheticVasoconstrictorToneCardiovascularCenter心血管中樞Vasoconstrictorarea Vasodilatorarea Cardioinhibitorarea Sensoryarea Baroreceptorreflex壓力感受器反射Chemoreceptorreflex化學感受性反射Renin-angiotensin 腎素-血管緊張素系Epinephrine&Norepinephrine教學目專業詞rheumatismAschoff rheumaticpancarditis風濕性全心炎rheumaticendocarditis風濕性心內膜炎verrucousvegetation疣狀贅生物MacCallum’splaquesrheumaticmyocarditis風濕性心肌炎rheumaticpericarditis風濕性心包炎/心外膜炎obliterativepericarditis縮窄性心包炎rheumaticarthritis風濕性關節炎rheumaticfarteritis風濕性動脈炎erythemaannulare環形紅斑subcutaneousnodules皮下結節bacterialendocarditis細菌性心內膜炎valvulardiseasesoftheheart心瓣膜病mitralstenosis二尖瓣狹窄mitralinsufficiencyaorticstenosisaorticinsufficiency主動脈瓣閉鎖不全essentialhypertension性高血壓malignanthypertension惡性高血壓病arteriolosclerosis小動脈硬化癥atherosclerosis動脈粥樣硬化癥coronaryheartdisease冠心病anginapectois心絞痛myocardialinfarct ventricularaneurysm室壁（動脈）瘤muralthrombosis附壁血栓教學目專業詞rheumatismAschoff rheumaticpancarditisrheumaticendocarditisverrucousvegetation疣狀贅生物MacCallum’splaques馬氏斑rheumaticmyocarditis風濕性心肌炎rheumaticpericarditis風濕性心包炎/心外膜炎obliterativepericarditis縮窄性心包炎rheumaticarthritis風濕性關節炎rheumaticfarteritis風濕性動脈炎erythemaannulare環形紅斑subcutaneousnodules皮下結節essentialhypertension性高血壓malignanthypertension惡性高血壓病arteriolosclerosis小動脈硬化癥atherosclerosis動脈粥樣硬化癥coronaryheartdisease冠心病anginapectois心絞痛myocardialinfarct心肌梗死ventricularaneurysm室壁（動脈）瘤muralthrombosis附壁血栓教學目專業詞bacterialendocarditis細菌性心內膜炎valvulardiseasesoftheheart心瓣膜病mitralstenosis二尖瓣狹窄mitralinsufficiencyaorticstenosisaorticinsufficiency教學目3、熟悉休克、高排低阻型休克、低排高阻型休克、休克肺、休克腎、MDF、專業詞Shockendotoxicshock內毒素休克septicshock敗血癥休克infectiousshock性休克cardiogenicshock心源性休克hypovolemicshockischemicanoxiaphaseofshock休克缺血性缺氧期stagnantanoxiaphaseofshock休克淤血性缺氧期leukocyteadhesionmolecule，leuCAMs白細胞粘附分子myocardialdepressantfactor，MDF心肌抑制因子shockkidney休克腎shocklung休克肺wormshock暖休克coldchock冷休克教學目專業詞Purkinjefibercardiacvalve心瓣膜smallartery小動脈smallvein小靜脈capillary毛細血管medium-sizedartery中等動脈medium-sizedvein中等靜脈Largeartery大動脈largeveincontinuouscapillary連續毛細血管fenestratedcapillary有孔毛細血管sinsoid血竇教學目1、熟悉DIC的概念及其發病機制專業詞heartfailureexcessivepressureload壓力負荷過度excessiveafterload后負荷過度excessivevolumeload容量負荷過度excessivepreload前負荷過度lowoutputheartfailure低輸出量性心力衰竭highoutputheartfailure高輸出量性心力衰竭hyperdynamicstate高動力循環狀態contracticdysfunctionheartfailure收縮功能不全性心力衰竭diastolicdysfunctionheartfailure舒張功能不全性心力衰竭cross-bridge橫橋myocardialcontractilityexcitationcontractioncouplingdisorder心肌興奮-收縮耦聯imbanancegrowthofmyocardialhypertrophy心肌肥大的不平衡生長ventricularcompliance心室順應性ventricularstiffness心室僵硬度concentrichypertrophy心肌向心性肥大eccentrichypertrophy心肌離心性肥大myocardialremodeling心肌重構exertionaldyspnea勞力性呼吸orthopnea端坐呼吸paroxysmalnocturnaldyspneacardiacasthma心性哮喘1、掌握基、活性氧、缺血-再灌注損傷、氧反常、鈣反常、pH反常、鈣超2、掌握缺血-再灌注損傷的發生機制3、掌握缺血-再灌注損傷時機體的功能和代謝變化專業詞ischemia-reperfusioninjuriesoxygenparadox氧反常calciumparadox鈣反常pHparadoxph反常ischemicpreconditioning缺血預適應oxygenfreeradicals(OFR)氧基reactiveoxygenspecies(ROS）活性氧lipidperoxidation脂質過氧化mitochondrialpermeabilitytransitionporexanthineoxidase黃嘌呤氧化酶respiratoryburst呼吸爆發neutrophilactivation中性粒細胞激活calciumhomeostasis鈣穩態calciumoverloadno-reflowphenomenonmyocardialstunning心肌頓抑專業詞Antiarrhythmicdrugs抗心律失常藥Na+channelblockers鈉通道阻滯藥Quinidine奎尼丁Procainamide普魯卡因胺Lidocaine利多卡因Phenytoin苯妥英鈉Mexiletine美西律Flecainide氟卡尼Encainide恩卡尼PropafenonebAdrenoreceptorblockersPropranololDrugsforselectiveprolongationofrepolarizationAmiodarone胺碘酮Sotalol索他洛爾專業詞rheumaticendocarditis rheumaticmyocarditis