考向24閱讀理解之詞義猜測題英語閱讀訓練和測試中的生詞障礙往往會成為學生理解的“絆腳石”，這些“絆腳石”的出現大致分五類：（1）舊詞新義，考查詞匯表中未出現的詞義；如：NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation’smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay30th.我們學過course的意思是“過程，課程”等，在此顯然不符句意。根據上下文course是汽車賽舉行的地方，可推斷course在該句是“車道”或“跑道”的意思。（2）合成詞、轉化詞與派生詞，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；（3）“靈活”的常用詞增多，這些詞必須根據具體的上下文語境才能正確理解；（4）“新鮮”的外國人名、地名、專有名稱增多，這些詞有些帶有一定的文化背景（5）超綱生詞。猜測詞義是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考閱讀理解中必考的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。考生應學會通過構詞、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義。近年來，詞義猜測題有逐漸增加的趨勢，尤其是猜測詞組、句義題。因為猜測詞組、句義題涉及題材背景、句子結夠、文章主旨、作者的觀點態度等。聯系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答這類題的關鍵。近幾年閱讀理解的生詞率略有上升，加大了猜測力度。命題者著重考查考生利用同義或反義關系、構詞法、語法和語篇文脈等理解生詞的能力。【命題趨勢】1、要求根據閱讀材料所提供的信息，結合中學生應有的常識和經驗，正確判斷生詞詞組的含義或成熟詞在特定語境中表達的具體含義以及一些句子的意思。2、要求猜測詞義的詞一般為實詞及其詞組，通過構詞、定義、對比、因果、聯想、上下文等線索確定詞義的具體內容。3、代詞復指理解題也是猜測詞義的常考類型。用“邏輯關系梳理法”、“遞向尋蹤法”理清人物及事物之間的邏輯關系是關鍵所在。【設問形式】Theunderlinedword“…”inthesecond(third…)paragraphrefersto(means)______.Bysaying“…”inthefirst(second…)paragraph,theauthormeansthat______.Inparagraph…,“…”canbereplacedby“______”.Themeaningof“…”inparagraph…isrelatedto______.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…(paragraph…)?Theunderlinedsentenceinthe…paragraphprobablymeansthat_____.【應試技巧】詞義猜測題的解答需要考生根據詞、詞組、句子所在的語境上下文來判斷其意義。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關鍵。命題者在出這類題時慣用常規詞義來麻痹考生，我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語境主觀臆斷。1．構詞法猜詞閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。掌握構詞法對猜測詞義很有幫助。如：unforeseeable.這個詞，可以根據構詞法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是詞根，fore是“先，前，預”的含義，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能預見到的”意思。【典例示例】…Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection【答案】B【解析】運用“構詞法”進行猜測。動詞詞組comeout的意義為“露出、出現、顯露出”。再根據句子的語境，可猜測出其意義是：(實驗的)結果。2．利用同義近義詞猜詞在生詞所出現的上下文中，有時會出現與之同義或近義的詞語或結構，這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。統稱在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，這些詞語或短語在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項內容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此確定同等關系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它的大致詞義。【典例示例】…Fermat’sLastTheorem（定理）,firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.…65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”asitisusedinthetext?A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeople’simagination.【答案】B【解析】由句中不難看出Fermat的定理使得最具有數學頭腦的科學家絞盡腦汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled處于同等的并列關系，根據這一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、難倒、難以理解”的意思。3．利用反義詞猜詞對比是描述，說明事物的常用方式。在對比中，對比的事物是互為相反的，因此根據反義或對比關系可從已知推出未知。利用反義詞來說明生詞的意義，如反義詞hotandcold,perfectandimperfect，甚至前、后句為肯定與否定或是與不是等，在句內詞與詞之間，在段內句與句之間的關系上起著互為線索的作用。【典例示例】...Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.…74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?A.Apartydesignedbyspecialists.B.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.C.Asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.D.Ademandmadebyguests.【答案】C【解析】根據前句的否定doesn’t與后句的肯定canbe這一對比關系，可以判斷出，為了慶祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻煩，可以買一個生日開心包。Hassle的意思應該與fun相反，而與difficulty,trouble相近。答案為C。4．利用上下文語境猜詞任何一篇文章中的句子在內容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有關。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點。【典例示例】【2019·天津卷，D】WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉訶德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.……52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.【語篇解讀】本文屬于議論文，講述要成功，就需要不斷的學習，這樣的生活才會有意義。52.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據第三段I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.故可知，作者談論的不是那些沒有到達巔峰的人，而是談論那些不再學習成長的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止學習，故選D。5．利用定義和解釋猜詞有些文章，特別是科技文章，通常會對一些關鍵詞給予定義，我們可以利用定義來猜測這些詞的意思。釋義法就是根據文章中的字里行間，對生詞以定語（從句）、表語甚至用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明的方式。【典例示例】“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(農藥),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally(本地)grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.62.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?A.Growinginterestinorganicfood.B.Betterqualityoforganicfood.C.Risingmarketfororganicfood.D.Higherpricesoforganicfood.【答案】A【解析】由Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingsomething可以推斷出，越來越多的顧客像Gold一樣開始購買有機食物，其實也就是對這類食物產生了越來越濃厚的興趣。答案為A。6．根據語義轉折猜詞有時文章的作者為了增強表達效果，會用一些含有表示意思轉折的連詞，副詞或短語。如：though,although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,ratherthan,foronething,foranother等，我們可以根據轉折意思猜測詞義。【典例示例】…Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.…71.InParagraph3,“takespecialpains”probablymeans“_____”.A.tryveryhardB.takeourtimeC.areveryunhappyD.feelespeciallypainful【答案析】A【解析】由However從句當中的atfirstglance（乍一眼看上去），與下文中的takespecialpains進行對比，既然不是一眼就看出那么簡單，那么自然要費力去想了。由此可以推斷出A項為最佳選項。7．利用經驗和常識猜詞【典例示例】…“Iwasonthewaytoapersonal-injuryaccidentinWestNashville.AsIgotontoHighway40,bluelightsandsirens(警笛)going,IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFirebirdthatsuddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthehighway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthesightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourandbeganpassingcarsontheshoulder.”63.Themeaningof“panicked”inParagraph2isrelatedto___________.A.shameB.hateC.angerD.fear【答案】D【解析】根據本段內容描述，可以知道panicked意思是“驚慌”，相當于fear。【檢測訓練】1Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenealong-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohisloverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris(殘骸).Morethan100yearssincethedisastrouseventandmorethantwodecadesaftertheearliestreleaseofthemovieTitanic,therehavebeenmany“doortheories”.AudiencesdebateheatedlyoverwhetherornotJackandRosecouldhavebothfitontothewoodendebrisandsurvived.So,wasthereroomforJack?InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica(復制品)ofthewoodenpiecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose’slifejackettothebottomofthedoortostrengthenitsbuoyancy(浮力),theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.However,theirconclusionwasdebunkedwhendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack’shightemperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.Healsosaidthatthedebateisbeyondthepointthemoviewastryingtomake,whichisfocusedonthetragiclovestoryofJackandRose,notphysics.ThelargestdebrisrecoveredfromtherealTitanicisnowdisplayedintheMaritimeMuseum.Themuseum’swebsitestatesthatareplicawasoncebuiltforthemoviebasedonthemuseum’sTitaniccollectionwhichwasknownasthe“door”usedinthedeathscene.Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRoseontopcouldwork,butnotifJack’sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.Inaword,sciencehasproventhatJackdidn’tdiefornothinganddidindeedsacrificehimselftosavetheloveofhislife.1.What’sthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Toleadintothetopic.B.Tointroduceamovie. C.Toraiseaquestion. D.Tohighlightcharacters.2.WhatistheconclusionofJamieandAdambasedon?A.Thedevelopmentoftheplot. B.Aphysicsexperiment. C.Thethemeofthemovie. D.Aheateddebate.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debunked”inparagraph4mean?A.Confirmed. B.Opposed. C.Approved. D.Concerned.4.Wecaninferthatthemovie’sendingis.A.unrealistic B.confusing C.reasonable D.surprising【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了電影《泰坦尼克號》最早上映20多年后，出現了許多“門理論”，認為杰克可以活下來，而科學已經證明電影的結局是合理的。1.推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenealong-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohisloverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris(殘骸).(《泰坦尼克號》是一部20世紀的經典愛情電影，其中的一個場景是一個持久的電影鏡頭：杰克松開手，沉入冰冷的海水中，給他的愛人羅斯留下了生存的機會，羅斯最終在木門殘骸上幸存下來。)”及下文對此場景的討論可推斷，本段的目的是引出話題。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica(復制品)ofthewoodenpiecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose’slifejackettothebottomofthedoortostrengthenitsbuoyancy(浮力),theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.(在一個電視節目，主持人杰米和亞當甚至做了一個實驗用的一個木制的復制品的電影，和兩個證明，如果他們把羅斯的救生衣綁在門的底部以加強它的浮力，他們會設法保持漂浮。)”可知，杰米和亞當的結論是基于他們所做的物理實驗。故選B。3.詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞后半句“whendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack’shightemperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.(因為卡梅隆導演說冰凍的水和杰克的高溫不可能讓救生衣解決問題。)”可知，杰米和亞當的結論被推翻了。所以debunked為“揭穿真相，暴露，推翻”之意。oppose“反對”是近義詞，故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段“Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRoseontopcouldwork,butnotifJack’sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.(不幸的是，碎片的大小加上羅斯在上面的重量可能會起作用，但如果加上杰克的額外重量就不行了。)”可推斷，這部電影的結局合理的。故選C。2It’shardtooverstatejusthowmuchWriter’sDigesthassurvivedtomakeittoitscentennial.TheGreatDepression.WorldWarII.Themanywarsandsocietalrevolutionsofthe’50s,’60s,and’70s.Thetechnologicalrevolutionandthecreationoftheinternet.Theshiftfrombeingfamily-ownedbusinesstoacorporationwithinvestors.Andmostrecently,globalpandemic(流行病).ItisbecauseWDsurvivedallthat,thatIviewthisanniversaryissueasalovelettertoeverysinglepersonwhohascontributedtokeepingWDaliveovertheseamazing,andtough,andchange-filled100years.ThankyoutotheRosenthalfamilyforstartingamagazine—acommunity—likethis.Tothepublishers,editors,andalltheotherbehind--the-scenesfolkswhomadesureeachissueoverthemanydecadeswasthebestitcouldbe,thankyouforyourhardworkandlonghours.Totheabsolutelyincomparablelistofwriterswhosharedtheirwisdom,insights,andencouragement:Thismagazinewasmadebetterbyyourcontributions.Butmostofall,thisisalovelettertoourreaders.Yougivethemagazinepurposeandthemotivationtokeepgoing.Withoutyou,WDwouldn’texist,soonbehalfofallthecurrentandformerWDstaffers,weofferoursincerestthanks.You’llseeacollectionofnewcolumnscomingin2021.WearethrilledtohaveBryanWashington,award-winningauthoroftheshortstorycollectionLotandthenewnovelMemorial,asourfirstguestcolumnist.TheWDteamstartedplanningthisissuemorethanayearagoandputtingittogetherhasbeenajoy.Wehopeyoufindasmuchpleasureandinspirationinreadingitaswefoundincreatingit.Seeyouinyear101.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“centennial”mean?A.Thefirstpublication. B.Thecollectionversion.C.The100thanniversary. D.Theopeningceremony.6.WhatdoweknowaboutWriter’sDigestfromthetext?A.Ithasalonglistofguestcolumnists.B.Itwasonceafamily-ownedbusiness.C.Itisfinanciallysupportedbythecommunity.D.Itcontributedtothetechnologicalrevolution.7.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Sheusedtobeanovelist. B.SheiswithWriter’sDigestC.Shewasabusinessowner. D.Sheisonehundredyearsold.8.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toexpressgratitude. B.Topromotesales.C.Tointroduceamagazine. D.Toemploynewstaff.【答案】5.C6.B7.B8.A【解析】這是一篇應用文。主要講述了Writer’sDigest雜志慶祝創刊100周年，對讀者和所有支持這本雜志的人表示感謝。5.詞義猜測題。根據第二段中“ItisbecauseWDsurvivedallthat,thatIviewthisanniversaryissueasalovelettertoeverysinglepersonwhohascontributedtokeepingWDaliveovertheseamazing,andtough,andchange-filled100years.”（正是因為Writer’sDigest幸免于難，我將這個周年紀念日視為致每位個人的情書，這些人是的Writer’sDigest歷經了100年的艱辛依然頑強存活著。）以及第一段中“It’shardtooverstatejusthowmuchWriter’sDigesthassurvivedtomakeittoitscentennial.”（很難描述Writer’sDigest生存了多少年，以迎接centennial華誕。）可推知Writer’sDigest迎接的是100周年紀念。故選C項。6.細節理解題。根據第一段中“Theshiftfrombeingfamily-ownedbusinesstoacorporationwithinvestors.”（從家族企業轉變為有投資者的公司。）可知Writer’sDigest過去曾經是家族企業。故選B項。7.推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“Butmostofall,thisisalovelettertoourreaders.Yougivethemagazinepurposeandthemotivationtokeepgoing.”（但最重要的是，這是給讀者的一封情書。您賦予雜志以繼續前進的目的和動力。）可推知作者就職于Writer’sDigest。故選B項。8.推理判斷題。根據第二段中“ThankyoutotheRosenthalfamilyforstartingamagazine—acommunity—likethis.Tothepublishers,editors,andalltheotherbehind--the-scenesfolkswhomadesureeachissueoverthemanydecadeswasthebestitcouldbe,thankyouforyourhardworkandlonghours.”（感謝Rosenthal家人創建這樣的雜志。對于出版商，編輯者以及所有其他后面的人——幕后工作人員，他們確保數十年來的每一期都是最好的，感謝您的辛勤工作和辛苦的工作。）可知作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了表達感謝。故選A項。3Lastyear,Iwentthrougheveryhighschoolsenior’snightmare:IwasrefusedfromallthecollegesIappliedto.It’snotthatIwasabadstudent.Ihadanarrowvision,applyingonlytosomekeyschools.SowhenIgotrefused,Igotintoapanic.Ithoughttherewasonlyonepathtosuccess,andIwasn’tonit.Whileallmyfriendswerepickingouttwinextra-longsheets,IwasleftwonderingwhatkindoffutureIcouldhave.Whenmypanicfaded,Isignedinthecommunitycollege.Iwasn’texcited.Iimaginedcommunitycollegeclassroomswithincompetentteachersthattaughttheirstudentstosleep.Iwassowrong.Myarthistoryprofessorwassopoetic,andherlecturesfeltspokenword.Myclassmateswereintelligentandcamefromallwalksoflife—stillfiguringthingsoutlikeme.Idecidedtogivemyselfayearofexperiment.Asidefromgeneraleducation,Itookarangeofclasses.Iknowitseemslikearandomkindofclasses,butitallowedmetoknowwhatIlikeanddon’tlike.IusedtohavethisideathatIhadtorushinordertoachieveacertainlevelofsuccessbyacertainage,butayearofcommunitycollegehastaughtmetoslowdown,andtorecognizethatthingstaketimetoadjust.Istillhopetotransfertoafour-yearuniversitynextyear,butI’llbegoingaboutitasamorematureperson.BeingaroundstudentsfromallwalksoflifehasmademerealizethatI’mnotlateinthegameatall.There’smorethanonewaytogetwhereyouwanttobe.9.Whatcausedtheauthor’s“highschoolsenior’snightmare”?A.Hewasrejectedbythecollegesheappliedto.B.Hedidn’tdowellinsomesubjectsatschool.C.Heonlytooksomekeyschoolsintoconsideration.D.Hegotconfusedaboutwhichschooltoapplyto.10.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph1?A.Theauthor’sfriendshaveextrasheets.B.Thefuturefortheauthor’sfriendsisclear.C.Thewaytosuccessislongfortheauthor’sfriends.D.Theauthor’sfriendshavemanychoices.11.Whywastheauthorunhappyinthecommunitycollegeatfirst?A.Hisarthistoryprofessorwasextremelyexpressive.B.Hedidn’tlikestudyingwithstudentsfromallwalksoflife.C.Hethoughttheteachersinthecommunitycollegehadpoorability.D.Helearnedstudentsinthecommunitycollegealwayssleptinclass.12.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhisexperienceinthecommunitycollege?A.There’snoneedtohurrytoachievecertainsuccess.B.Ayearofexperimentisnotworthwhileforhimatall.C.Thewaytosuccessistotransfertoafour-yearuniversity.D.It’sawasteoftimebeingaroundstudentsfromallwalksoflife.【答案】9.C10.D11.C12.A【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在被申請的所有大學拒絕后，選擇就讀社區大學。在那兒作者接觸到來自各行各業的人及老師后，改變了他之前的想法，從而深刻的體會到：一個人若想實現夢想，其實不只有一種方法。9.推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Ihadanarrowvision,applyingonlytosomekeyschools.SowhenIgotrefused,Igotintoapanic.Ithoughttherewasonlyonepathtosuccess,andIwasn’tonit.(我的眼光很狹隘，只申請了一些重點學校。所以當我被拒絕時，我陷入了恐慌。我以為成功只有一條路，但我沒有走)”可知，他只考慮了一些重點學校，就造成了作者的“高中生噩夢”。故選C。10.詞句猜猜題。根據劃線部分所在句“Whileallmyfriendswerepickingouttwinextra-longsheets,IwasleftwonderingwhatkindoffutureIcouldhave.(當我所有的朋友都在挑選超長的紙張（錄取通知）的時候，我卻在想我的未來會是怎樣的)”可知，劃線部分意為作者的朋友有很多其他的選擇。故選D。11.推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Ithoughtcommunitycollegeclassroomswithincompetentteachersthattaughttheirstudentstosleep.(我以為社區大學的教室里有不稱職的老師教他們的學生睡覺)”可知，作者起初對社區大學很不滿意，因為他認為社區大學的教師能力很差。故選C。12.推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的“IusedtohavethisideathatIhadtorushinordertoachieveacertainlevelofsuccessbyacertainage,butayearofcommunitycollegehastaughtmetoslowdown,andtorecognizethatthingstaketimetoadjust.Istillhopetotransfertoafour-yearuniversitynextyear,butI’llbegoingaboutitasamorematureperson.(我曾經有這樣的想法，為了在某個年齡達到一定的成功水平，我必須匆忙，但一年的社區大學教會我放慢腳步，認識到事情需要時間來調整。我仍然希望明年能轉到四年制大學，但我會以一個更成熟的人的身份去做)”可知，作者從他在社區大學的經歷中了解到沒有必要急于取得一定的成功。故選A。4Whatdefines(定義)ageneration?Often,expertssay,membersofagenerationaredefinedbytheeventsthatshapedtheirlivesasyoungadults.“Worldeventslikewars,pandemics(大流行病)andracialunrestcanbeespeciallyformative,”saysMegJay,apsychologistandauthorof“TheDefiningDecade:WhyYourTwentiesMatter—andHowtoMaketheMostofThemNow”.Becauseour20sareoftenwhenwehaveourfirstjobsandfirstrelationshipsandfirstmovesandfirstreal-worldexperiences,thesebigeventsbecomeimportantpartsofourlifestories.In2020,itwasapandemic.Forthelastthreemonthsof2020,theMonitorfollowedtwelve2l-year-oldsfromaroundtheworld.WewantedtounderstandhowthisglobalhealthcrisisisencodingitselfintheculturalDNAofagenerationcomingofageinitsshadow.Theirlivesandcircumstancesastheyrolledinto2021variedwildly.Butthelivesofthe2l-year-oldswemethadmanyobvioussimilarities.Separately,forinstance,theinternetwastheircollectivelifelinetotheworld.InMexico,anartstudentisolatinginherfamilyhomepostedadailypieceofarttoInstagramtoremindherselfthattimehadnotstoppedaltogether.InGermany,alabororganizernegotiatedcontractsandplannedstrikesviaZoom.Bytheendof2020,manyoftheworld’s21-year-oldshadlostjobs;otherswonderedifthey’deverfindone.IntheU.S,youthunemploymentdoubledbetweenJuly2019andJuly2020.Also,thepandemicopenedfaultlines,andstressedoldones.InIndia,Jordan,andSouthAfrica,our21-year-oldswonderedhowthey’dcollectenoughmoneyformobiledataforonlinestudies.InMexico,Canada,andGermany,21-year-oldsreflectedonlonelinessasaprivilege—thattheywerealonebecausetheycouldisolate,theirlivesnotdependentondoingotherwise.Wefoundagenerationsuspended(懸停)betweentheworldthey’dgrownupinanduncertainarrivaloftheirfuture.13.AccordingtoMegJay,whatdeterminesthefutureofthepeopleintheirtwenties?A.Theirfundamentalchangesofworkingcircumstances.B.Theirgreateffortsofcopingwithuncertaintiesinlife.C.Theirfirstexperiencesofthemajoreventsthen.D.Theirdeepreflectionsontheattitudestolife.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“faultlines”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Significantemploymentchallenges. B.Potentialsocialproblems.C.Specialindividualprivileges. D.Globalhealthcrises.15.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardstoday’s20s?A.Approving. B.Negative. C.Critical. D.Concerned.16.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheWorldChildrenHaveGrownupinDefinesaGenerationB.AYoungGenerationWasSuspendedButReadytoStartC.AGreatPandemicHasBroughtVariousGlobalCrisesD.WorldEventsChangedtheLivesofYoungAdults【答案】13.C14.B15.D16.B【解析】本文是說明文。主要講述了20多歲的年輕人因為新冠疫情失去了工作，未來充滿著各種不確定性，但年輕人們仍舊決心努力積極應對。13.細節理解題。根據第二段的“Because

our

20s

are

oftenwhen

we

have

our

first

jobs

and

firstrelationships

and

first

moves

and

first

real-world

experiences,

these

big

events

becomeimportant

parts

of

our

life

stories.(因為我們往往在20多歲的時候開始第一份工作，第一段感情，第一次行動，第一次經歷現實世界，這些大事就成為我們人生故事的重要部分)”，可知，他們第一次體驗的重大事件決定

了他們的未來，故答案為C。14.詞句猜測題。根據上文"Bytheendof2020,manyoftheworld’s21-year-oldshadlostjobs;otherswonderedifthey’deverfindone.IntheU.S,youthunemploymentdoubledbetweenJuly2019andJuly2020.(到2020年底，世界上許多21歲的年輕人都失去了工作，其他人則想知道他們是否能找到一個工作。在美國，青年失業率在2019年7月至2020年7月期間翻了一番)"，

可知本段是在討論失業問題，因此推斷劃線句“the

pandemicopened

fault

lines”說明新冠疫情加重了這一問題，因此劃線部分指的就是"就業問題"，故答案為B。15.推理判斷題。根據最后一段"Wefoundagenerationsuspended(懸停)betweentheworldthey’dgrownupinanduncertainarrivaloftheirfuture.(我們發現，這一代人徘徊在他們成長的世界與不確定的未來之間)”，可知作者認為現在20多歲的人前途充滿著很多不確定，因此推斷作者對他們表示擔憂和關心，故答案為D。16.主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是最后一段“Wefoundagenerationsuspended(懸停)betweentheworldthey’dgrownupinanduncertainarrivaloftheirfuture.(我們發現，這一代人徘徊在他們成長的世界與不確定的未來之間)”可知，本文主要講述了20多歲的年輕人因為新冠疫情失去了工作，未來充滿著各種不確定性，但年輕人們仍舊決心努力積極應對，A項“兒童成長的世界定義了一代人”;

B項“年輕的一代被擱置，但準備開始”;

C項“

一場新冠疫情帶來了各種全球性危機”;

D項“世界事件改變了年輕人的生活”。A、C沒有提到年輕人，而D太過空泛。故答案為B。5WhenBritishmusicianPaulBartonperformsincentralThailandlately,thelistenersreactwildly.Somepullhishairorjumponhispiano.Othersstealhismusic.Thebehaviorisnormal,however,becausethesecrowdsaretrulywild—wildmonkeystobeexact.BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecoronavirus(COVID-19)crisis.Thediseasehascausedproblemsforthemonkeys,too.Theyarehungry.Therestrictionsontourismmeanfewerpeoplecometoseethemonkeysandfeedthem.ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.Someofthecreaturessitonhischair,whileothersclimbuphisbodyandtouchhishead.But,Bartonkeepshisattentiononhisperformance,evenasasmallmonkeyrunsoverhishandsontheinstrument.Othermonkeystakecontrolofhismusicpapers.“IwasgladandsurprisedtofindthattheywereactuallyeatingthemusicasIwasplayingit.”ThemonkeysareBarton'slatestanimalfans.Pastwildlifeaudienceincludedelephantslivinginspecialprotectedareas.Bartonhopestoraisepeople'sawarenessofthemonkeys'hunger.Atthesametime,hehopestostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttoclassicalmusic.“Cometogetheranddon'tletthepandemicstopthewildmonkeysgettinggoodnutritiousfood.Weneedtomakeanefforttomakesurethattheyeatproperly.Andwhentheyeatproperlytheywillbecalmer,”said59-year-oldBarton.17.Whydoesthemusicianplaytothewildmonkeys?A.Toseethewildanimalsjustbeingthemselves. B.Tostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttopopmusic.C.Toraisemoneyforthewildmonkeys'hunger. D.TohelpcalmthemduringCOVID-19crisis.18.Whatkindofmusicdocsthemusicianplay?A.Contemporarymusic. B.Classicalmusic.C.Countrymusic. D.Popularmusic.19.Whatdocstheunderlinedphrase“eatingthemusic"inParagraph4referto?A.Stealinghismusicpapers. B.Eatinghismusicpapers.C.Disturbinghisperformance. D.Enjoyinghisplaying20.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Wildmonkeysliketoplaywiththemusician. B.Peoplewillstarttoprotectthewildmonkeys.C.TheCOVID-19hasdamagedmuchtotheworld. D.Musiccanmakethewildanimalsmoreactive.【答案】17.D18.B19.D20.C【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。英國音樂家PaulBarton最近在泰國中部演出，希望能緩解新冠病毒危機帶給動物的壓力，帶來了很好的反響。17.細節理解題。根據第二段“BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecoronavirus(COVID-19)crisis.)(Barton經常和Lopburi的動物們玩耍，Lopburi是一個以野生猴子群而聞名的地區。這位鋼琴家希望音樂表演能在冠狀病毒疫情期間給動物帶來平靜)”可知，音樂家對著野生猴子演奏是為了幫助他們在新冠肺炎疫情期間保持鎮靜。故選D。18.細節理解題。根據第四段中“ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.(當Barton演奏《綠袖》、貝多芬的《致愛麗絲》和MichaelNyman的《愛的日記》時，猴子們很快就把他包圍了)”可知，音樂家演奏的是古典音樂。故選B。19.詞義猜測題。根據第四段中“ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.(當Barton演奏《綠袖》、貝多芬的《致愛麗絲》和MichaelNyman的《愛的日記》時，猴子們很快就把他包圍了)”以及畫線詞上文“Iwasgladandsurprisedtofindthattheywereactually”以及后文“asIwasplayingit”可知，讓Barton高興和驚訝的是，在他演奏音樂的時候，猴子真地在欣賞他的演奏。畫線詞指的是“欣賞他的演奏”。故選D。20.推理判斷題。根據第二段“BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecoronavirus(COVID-19)crisis.(Barton經常和Lopburi的動物們玩耍，Lopburi是一個以野生猴子群而聞名的地區。這位鋼琴家希望音樂表演能在冠狀病毒疫情期間給動物帶來平靜)”以及第三段“Thediseasehascausedproblemsforthemonkeys,too.Theyarehungry.Therestrictionsontourismmeanfewerpeoplecometoseethemonkeysandfeedthem.(這種疾病也給猴子帶來了問題。他們挨餓。對旅游業的限制意味著更少的人來看猴子和喂它們)”可推知，新冠肺炎疫情給世界造成嚴重損害。故選C。6Carbonisachemicalelementwhichispresentinorganiccompoundsthatmakeusorganisms,plantsaswellasfossil.ItisavitalcomponentofthegreenhousegasCO2,thehighestpercentageoftheglobalwarminggasintheatmosphere.TheseGreenHouseGases(GIIGs)alongwithotherfactorsareresponsibleforthemostdiscussedissuesaffectingtheplanet,climatechange.Climatechangehasandstillreleasesahugesetofenvironmentaldisasterswhicharefuelingthedifficultyofsurvivalontheplanet.In