書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-安徽機電職業技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Auction(拍賣)arepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heaskedthecrowdtogatherintheauctionroomtobidforvariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhighestfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoodsforthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauctionandtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatin“antic”,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,thesemileswerecalled“subhanta”,meaning“underthespear’’,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacarvedtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle’’,ashoecandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.

Practicallyallgoodscanbesoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,skins,wool,tea,cobra,fir,mat,vegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,oldbooks,oldchinaandworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobetoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbythebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivesfulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleddrafter,asgenerallyas.Theauctioneerneednotbeginwithlotoneandcontinuethenumericalorder,hesafelywaituntilhethefactthatcertainbuyersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestingin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebidding.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofbiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because（

）.

3.Inthesentence“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,59theword“spoils”mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.InEnglandacandleusedtoburnatauctionsales（

）.

5.Anauctioncataloguegivesbuyers（

）.

問題1選項

A.forthehighestpriceoffered

B.atfixedprices

C.atpriceslowerthantheirtruevalue

D.atpricesofferedbytheauctioneer

問題2選項

A.theauctioneerknocksonthetable

B.theauctioneernamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods

C.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

D.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

問題3選項

A.uselessgoods

B.spears

C.variouskindsoffood

D.propertytakenfromtheenemy

問題4選項

A.becausetheauctionsalestookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctionroomwarm

D.tolimittimewhenoffersofpricescouldbemade

問題5選項

A.thecurrentmarketvaluesofthegoods

B.detailsofthegoodstobesold

C.tileorderinwhichgoodsaretobesold

D.freeadmissiontotheauctionsale

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到出價最高的人成為商品的買家（Heencouragesbuyerstobidhighestfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods），所以選項A符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句話提到當拍賣商在一塊高出來的臺面上敲擊小錘時，競價也就結束了（Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoodsforthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform），選項D符合題意。

3.題干中的單詞spoil有“戰利品”的意思，除此之外，從“從戰爭中得到的”takenfromwar可以推測這個詞的意思是“戰利品”。選項D符合題意。

4.文章第二段指出，18世紀、19世紀的英國，拍賣時會點燃一根短蠟燭，而“當蠟燭在燃燒時，人們可以競價”（InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle’’,ashoecandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning），由此可知，蠟燭被用來記拍賣的時間。選項D符合題意。

5.文章提到如果廣告沒有列出所有細節，拍賣者就會印發商品目錄（Iftheadvertisementcannotgivesfulldetails,cataloguesareprinted）。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Alotofsmallchildrenoften（

）whyairplanecanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

問題1選項

A.assure

B.wonder

C.anticipate

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。assure意為“向……保證”；wonder意為“想知道，好奇”；anticipate意為“預料，預期”；assume意為“假定，認為”。

句意：很多小孩經常好奇為什么飛機可以像鳥兒一樣飛行，而我們人類不行。

3.單選題

Shewasso（

）inherworkthatshedidn’tnoticemewhenIcameintheroom.

問題1選項

A.immersed

B.obsessed

C.submerged

D.suffocated

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項通常用于beimmersedin（沉浸于，埋頭于，陷入）；B選項通常用于beobsessedwith（癡迷于，著迷于）；C選項submerge“浸沒，淹沒”；D選項suffocate“（使）窒息而死，（把……）悶死”。句中的so...that表示“如此……以至于”，根據固定搭配和后面的shedidn’tnoticemewhenIcameintheroom（我走進房間時她沒注意到我）可知她沉浸于工作中，以至于沒注意到我進來，因此選A。句意：她如此沉浸于工作中，以至于我進屋時她都沒有注意到我。

4.單選題

Modemindustryisbasedonthe（）ofthemaximumproductionatthelowestcost.

問題1選項

A.plan

B.project

C.conception

D.idea

【答案】C

【解析】句意：現代產業所基于的理念是低成本高產量。選項C符合語境。

5.單選題

Thenewpolicieswill（）ratherthanhelppoorfamilies.

問題1選項

A.hide

B.hinder

C.hint

D.hind

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項動詞hide“隱藏”，B項動詞hinder“阻礙、打擾”，C項動詞hint“暗示、示意”，D項形容詞hind“后部的”；句意：新政策將阻礙而不是幫助貧困家庭。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Inourhighlytechnologicalsociety,thenumberofjobsforunskilledworkeris______.

問題1選項

A.shrinking

B.obscuring

C.altering

D.constraining

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項shrink“收縮，減少”；B選項obscure“使模糊，使難解”；C選項alter“改變”；D選項constrain“強迫”。根據highlytechnologicalsociety與thenumberofjobs可知A選項符合語義。句意：在我們高度科技化的社會里，非技術工人的工作崗位正在減少。

7.單選題

Duringhis10yearsofserviceinTibetheworkedmuchmorethanwhichwasgoodforhishealthandnowheisvirtuallyaninvalid.

問題1選項

A.yearsofservice

B.thanwhich

C.for

D.virtually

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。根據句子結構可知，than引導的是一個比較狀語從句，表示的是“他工作遠遠超過了對他健康有益的范圍/程度”，which是指“哪一個”，在這里應該改為what，指“什么”。句意：在西藏服務的10年里，他的工作遠遠超出了對健康有益的范圍，他實際上是一個殘疾人。因此，該題選擇B項。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement.MembersshallbefreetodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisAgreementwithintheirownlegalsystemandpractice.

ForthepurposesofthisAgreement,theterm“intellectualproperty”referstoallcategoriesofintellectualpropertythatarethesubjectofSectionIthrough7ofPartII.

MembersshallaccordthetreatmentprovidedforinthisAgreementtothenationalsofotherMembers.Inrespectoftherelevantintellectualpropertyright,thenationalofotherMembersshallbeunderstoodasthosenaturalorlegalpersonsthatwouldmeetthecriteriaforeligibilityforprotectionprovidedforintheParisConvention(1967),theBerneConvention(1971),theRomeConventionandtheTreatyonIntellectualPropertyinRespectofIntegratedCircuits,wereallMembersoftheWTOmembersofthoseconventions.AnyMemberavailingitselfofthepossibilitiesprovidedinParagraph3ofArticle5orParagraph2ofArticle6oftheRomeConventionshallmakeanotificationasforeseeninthoseprovisionstotheCouncilforTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights(the“CouncilforTRIPS”)

Criminallawisdistinctivefortheuniquelyseriouspotentialconsequencesoffailuretoabidebyitsrules.Everycrimeiscomposedofcriminalelements.Anelementofacrime(collectivelycalledelementsofcrime)isabasicsetofcommonlawprinciplesregardingcriminalliabilitythat,withfewexceptions,constitutetheessentialelementstoprovethatthedefendantcommittedacrimeunderUnitedStateslaw.Thejurymustbeconvincedbeyondareasonabledoubtthatthedefendantcommittedeachelementoftheparticularcrimechargedbeforedecidingonaguiltyverdict.Thecomponentpartsthatmakeupanyparticularcrimevarydependingonthecrime.Thebasiccomponentsarementalstate(Mensrea),conduct(Actusreus),concurrenceandcausation.However,thetwonecessaryelementsthatmustcoexistforacrimetoexististhatthedefendantmusthavecommittedanactandthatactmusthavebeencommittedintentionally.

【答案】各成員均必須實行本協定中的規定。各成員可以但并無義務，在其法律中實施比本協定要求更廣泛的保護，只要此種保護不違反本協定的規定。各成員有權在其各自的法律制度和實踐中確定實施本協定規定的適當方法。

在本協定中，“知識產權”一詞系指屬于本協定第二部分第1節至第7節中的所有類別的知識產權。

各成員應根據本協定的規定給予其它成員以國民待遇。對于相應的知識產權，其它成員的國民被認為是符合《巴黎公約（1967）》、《伯爾尼公約（1971）》、《羅馬公約》和《關于集成電路的知識產權條約》中所規定的保護資格標準的自然人或法人，即WT0的所有成員似乎都已加入了這些公約。任一運用了《羅馬公約》第五條第3款或第6條第2款規定的可能性的成員，均應根據這些條款的預告，通知“與貿易有關的知識產權理事會（TRIPS理事會）”。

刑法因未能遵守其規定導致的無可匹敵的嚴重潛在后果而是與眾不同的。每項罪行由犯罪要素構成。一項罪行的一個要素（共同地被稱為犯罪要素）是一套基本的關于刑事責任的普通法法則，而這些法則極少例外地構成了證明被告在美國法律之下犯罪的基本要素。在確定一項有罪裁定之前，陪審團必須無疑地確信被告犯了所被指控的特定罪行的每一個要素。組成任何特定罪行的構成要素依據罪行而變化。基本的要素是心理狀態（犯罪意圖），行為（犯罪行為），同時發生和起因。然而，對于一項罪行存而必須并存的兩個必要要素是被告一定要犯下一個罪行且那個罪行是故意犯下的。

9.單選題

Theengineersinthislabspentseveralweeks（）theirplansforthenewbicycle.

問題1選項

A.counting

B.stripping

C.elaborating

D.casting

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。count“計算總數，數數”；strip“剝去，去掉”；elaborate“精心制作，詳細闡述”；cast“投，拋”。句意：工程師們在這個實驗室里花了數周時間（）新自行車計劃。能與plans搭配的只有C項“詳細說明”。

10.單選題

AfricaandSouthAmericanaremovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialis（）intothefloorbetweenthem.

問題1選項

A.dejected

B.ejected

C.injected

D.projected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deject“使……沮喪；使……灰心”；B選項eject“噴射；驅逐，逐出”；C選項inject“注入；注射”；D選項project“計劃；發射；放映”。句意：隨著新材料被注入到非洲和南美之間的地板上，它們正在相互遠離，因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

Inthenextfewyearsmajorchangeswillbe（）inChina’sindustries.

問題1選項

A.broughtforward

B.broughtup

C.broughton

D.broughtabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項broughtforward提前，提出；B選項broughtup提出，養育；C選項broughton導致，引起，使發展；D選項broughtabout導致，帶來，產生。bringon是指事情己經告一段落又再次被引起，而bringabout則指事情被從頭引起；根據句意“在接下來的幾年中，中國的工業將發生巨大的變化”，因此，因此，D項更符合題意。

12.單選題

Theyartificially（）thevalueofthehousesotheycould“reduce”itandmakepeoplethinkitwasabargain.

問題1選項

A.enlarged

B.underestimated

C.raised

D.inflated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。enlarge“擴大，增大”；underestimate“低估，看清”；raise“舉起，提高”；inflate“膨脹，充氣”。句意：他們人為地抬高房子的價格，再“低價”出售，讓人們以為這是大減價。選項C符合題意。

13.填空題

Johnhasagreatvoice,butwiththatcoldhewon't（

）verygoodifhetriestosing.

【答案】

sound

【解析】語法分析。考查系動詞。hewon’tverygood是個主系表結構，空白處應填入一個系動詞,此處填sound合適。

14.單選題

Couldyou（）metotherailwaystation,please?

問題1選項

A.show

B.direct

C.lead

D.indicate

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。根據題干可知考查directsb.to“指導某人去……”。句意：你可以告訴我火車站怎么走嗎？因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

Justoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebratedacrossarangeoffields.TheyholdthehighestpoliticalofficesfromThailandtoBrazil,CostaRicatoAustralia.AwomanholdsthetopspotattheInternationalMonetaryFund;anotherwontheNobelPrizeineconomics.Self-madebillionairesinBeijing,techinnovatorsinSiliconValley,pioneeringjusticesinGhana-intheseandcountlessotherareas,womenareleavingtheirmark.

Butholdtheapplause.InSaudiArabia,womenaren’tallowedtodrive.InPakistan,1000womendieinhonorkillingseveryyear.Inthedevelopedworld,womenlagbehindmeninpayandpoliticalpower.ThepovertyrateamongwomenintheU.S.roseto14.5%lastyear.

Tomeasurethestateofwomen’sprogress.Newsweekranked165countries,lookingatfiveareasthataffectwomen’slives:treatmentunderthelaw,workforceparticipation,politicalpower,andaccesstoeducationandhealthcare.AnalyzingdatafromtheUnitedNationsandtheWorldEconomicForum,amongothers,andconsultingwithexpertsandacademics,wemeasured28factorstocomeupwithourrankings.

CountrieswiththehighestscorestendtobeclusteredintheWest,wheregenderdiscriminationisagainstthelaw,andequalrightsareconstitutionallyenshrined(神圣化).Butthereweresomesurprises.Someotherwisehigh-rankingcountrieshadrelativelylowscoresforpoliticalrepresentation.Canadarankedthirdoverallbut26thinpower,behindcountriessuchasCubaandBurundi.Doesthissuggestthatawomaninanation’stopofficetranslatestobetterlivesforwomeningeneral?Notexactly.“Tryingtoquantifyormeasuretheimpactofwomeninpoliticsishardbecauseinveryfewcountrieshavetherebeenenoughwomeninpoliticstomakeadifference,”saysAnne-MarieGoetz,peaceandsecurityadviserforU.N.Women.

Ofcourse,noindexcanaccountforeverything.Declaringthatonecountryisbetterthananotherinthewaythatittreatsmorethanhalfitscitizensmeansrelyingonbroadstrokesandgeneralities.Somethingssimplycan’tbemeasured.Andcross-culturalcomparisonscan’taccountfordifferencesofopinion.

Certainconclusionsarenonethelessclear.Foronething,ourindexbacksupasimplebutprofoundstatementmadebyHillaryClintonattherecentAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationsummit.“Whenweliberatetheeconomicpotentialofwomen,weelevatetheeconomicperformanceofcommunities,nations,andtheworld,”shesaid.“There’sastimulativeeffectthatkicksinwhenwomenhavegreateraccesstojobsandtheeconomiclivesofourcountries:Greaterpoliticalstability.Fewermilitaryconflicts.Morefood.Moreeducationalopportunityforchildren.Byharnessingtheeconomicpotentialofallwomen,weboostopportunityforallpeople.”

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutwomen’sprogresssofar?

2.Inwhatcountrieshavewomenmadethegreatestprogress?

3.WhatdoNewsweekrankingsrevealaboutwomeninCanada?

4.WhatdoesAnne-MarieGoetzthinkofawomanbeinginanation’stopoffice?

5.WhatdoesHillaryClintonsuggestwedotomaketheworldabetterplace?

問題1選項

A.Itstillleavesmuchtobedesired.

B.Itistooremarkabletobemeasured.

C.Ithasgreatlychangedwomen’sfate.

D.Itisachievedthroughhardstruggle.

問題2選項

A.Wherewomenholdkeypostsingovernment.

B.Wherewomen’srightsareprotectedbylaw.

C.Wherewomen’sparticipationinmanagementishigh.

D.Wherewomenenjoybettereducationandhealthcare.

問題3選項

A.Theycarelittleaboutpoliticalparticipation.

B.Theyaregenerallytreatedasequalsbymen.

C.Theyhaveasurprisinglylowsocialstatus.

D.Theyareunderrepresentedinpolitics.

問題4選項

A.Itdoesnotnecessarilyraisewomen’spoliticalawareness.

B.Itdoesnotguaranteeabetterlifeforthenation’swomen.

C.Itenhanceswomen’sstatus.

D.Itboostswomen’sconfidence.

問題5選項

A.Givewomenmorepoliticalpower.

B.Stimulatewomen’screativity.

C.Allowwomenaccesstoeducation.

D.Tapwomen’seconomicpotential.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.觀點態度題。文章第一段介紹了女性在各個領域取得的進步，但接下來第二段說到Butholdtheapplause.（但請不要鼓掌。），還有很多地方女性的地位和權力都落后于男性，所以作者對女性至今為止的進步的態度是覺得還有很多需要改進的地方。因此A選項“仍有許多需要改進的地方”正確。B選項“太了不起了，無法衡量”，C選項“極大地改變了女性的命運”，D選項“是通過艱苦奮斗實現的”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯誤。

2.客觀細節題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一句CountrieswiththehighestscorestendtobeclusteredintheWest,wheregenderdiscriminationisagainstthelaw,andequalrightsareconstitutionallyenshrined.（得分最高的國家往往集中在西方國家，在這些國家，性別歧視是違法的，平等權利在憲法中得到體現。），說明女性取得進步最大的國家是權利受到法律保護的國家。因此B選項“女性權利受到法律保護的地方”正確。A選項“女性在政府中擔任重要職務的地方”，C選項“女性參與管理的程度高的地方”，D選項“女性享有較好的教育和醫療服務的地方”不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯誤。

3.客觀細節題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三、四句Someotherwisehigh-rankingcountrieshadrelativelylowscoresforpoliticalrepresentation.Canadarankedthirdoverallbut26thinpower,behindcountriessuchasCubaandBurundi.（一些原本排名靠前的國家在政治代表性方面的得分相對較低。加拿大總體排名第三，但在權力方面排名第26位，落后于古巴和布隆迪等國。），說明加拿大的女性在政治代表性方面的程度較低。因此D選項“她們在政治上的代表性不足”正確。A選項“她們很少關心政治參與”，B選項“她們一般被男性平等對待”，C選項“她們的社會地位低得出奇”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，C錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句“Tryingtoquantifyormeasuretheimpactofwomeninpoliticsishardbecauseinveryfewcountrieshavetherebeenenoughwomeninpoliticstomakeadifference,”saysAnne-MarieGoetz,peaceandsecurityadviserforU.N.Women.（聯合國婦女署和平與安全顧問安妮-瑪麗-戈茲說：“試圖量化或衡量婦女在政治中的影響是很難的，因為在很少的國家，有足夠的女性在政治中發揮作用。”），說明安妮-瑪麗-戈茲認為女性擔任國家職務并不能對提升女性的地位起到作用。因此B選項“并不能保證國家女性過上更好的生活”正確。A選項“不一定能提高女性的政治意識”，C選項“能提高女性的地位”，D選項“能增強女性的信心”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。

5.語義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第三、四句“Whenweliberatetheeconomicpotentialofwomen,weelevatetheeconomicperformanceofcommunities,nations,andtheworld,”shesaid.“There’sastimulativeeffectthatkicksinwhenwomenhavegreateraccesstojobsandtheeconomiclivesofourcountries:Greaterpoliticalstability.Fewermilitaryconflicts.Morefood.Moreeducationalopportunityforchildren.Byharnessingtheeconomicpotentialofallwomen,weboostopportunityforallpeople.”（“當我們解放女性的經濟潛力時，我們就提高了社區、國家和全世界的經濟表現。”，她說。“當女性有更多就業和參與國家經濟生活的機會時，就會產生一種刺激效應：政治更穩定。更少的軍事沖突。更多的食物。為孩子提供更多的教育機會。通過利用所有女性的經濟潛力，我們將增加所有人的機會。”），說明希拉里?克林頓認為應該解放女性的經濟潛力，這樣能讓世界變得更美好。因此D選項“挖掘婦女的經濟潛力”正確。A選項“給予女性更多的政治權力”，B選項“激發女性的創造力”，C選項“讓女性有機會接受教育”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯誤。

16.翻譯題

PassageOne

⑴Noneofthemuchflauntedappealsofcigaretteadvertisers,suchassuperiortasteandmildness,inducesustobecomesmokersortochooseonebrandinpreferencetoanother.Despitetheemphasisputonsuchqualitiesbyadvertisers,theyareminorconsiderations.Thisisoneofthefirstfactswediscoveredwhenweaskedseveralhundredpeoplefromallwalksoflife,whytheylikedtosmokecigarettes.Smokingisasmuchapsychologicalpleasureasitisaphysiologicalsatisfaction.

Whatisthenatureofthispsychologicalpleasure?Itcanbetracedtotheuniversaldesireforself-expression.(2)Noneofusevercompletelyoutgrowsourchildhood.Weareconstantlyhuntingforthecarefreeenjoymentweknewaschildren.Aswegrewolder,wehadtosubordinateourpleasurestoworkandtothenecessityforunceasingeffort.Smoking,formanyofus,then,becameasubstituteforourearlyhabitoffollowingthewhimsofthemoment;itbecomesalegitimateexcuseforinterruptingworkandsnatchingamomentofpleasure.

Mostofusarehungryforrewards.Wewanttobepattedontheback.Acigaretteisarewardthatwecangiveourselvesasoftenaswewish.Whenwehavedoneanythingwell,forinstance,wecancongratulateourselveswithacigarette,whichcertifies,ineffect,thatwehavebeen“goodboys.”

PassageTwo

(3)Thereisincreasingmediacoveragesurroundingcarbonfootprints.Businessesarefacingmountingstakeholderpressuretoshowtheircommitmenttomeasuringandreducingcarbonemissions.Asawarenessamongstconsumersisgrowing,organizationsarebeingaskedtoreportontheactivitiestheyareundertakingtoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Untilrecently,mostcarbonoffsetswerecommonlydonebyplantingtrees.

Yethoweffectivearenewtreesinoffsettingthecarbonfootprint?Anewstudysuggeststhatthelocationofthenewtreesisanimportantfactorwhenconsideringsuchcarbonoffsetprojects.(4)Plantingandpreservingforestsinthetropicsismorelikelytoslowdownglobalwarming.ButthestudyconcludesthatplantingnewtreesincertainpartsoftheplanetmayactuallywarmtheEarth.Thenewstudy,whichcombinesclimateandcarbon-cycleeffectsoflarge-scaledeforestationinafullyinteractivethree-dimensionalclimate-carbonmodel,confirmsthatplantingmoretropicalrainforestscouldhelpslowglobalwarmingworldwide.

Theresearch,ledbyLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratoryatmosphericscientistGovindasamyBala,appearsintheApril9-13onlineeditionoftheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

Accordingtothestudy,newforestsinmid-tohigh-latitudelocationscouldactuallycreateanetwarming.Specifically,moretreesinmid-latitudelocationsliketheUnitedStatesandmostofEuropewouldonlycreatemarginalbenefitsfromaclimateperspective.ButthoseextratreesintheborealforestsofCanada,ScandinaviaandSiberiacouldactuallybecounterproductive,Balasaid.

Forestsaffectclimateinthreedifferentways:theyabsorbthegreenhousegas―carbondioxide—fromtheatmosphereandhelpkeeptheplanetcool;theyevaporatewatertotheatmosphereandincreasecloudiness,whichalsohelpskeeptheplanetcool;andtheyaredarkandabsorbsunlight(thealbedoeffect),warmingtheEarth.Previousclimatechangemitigationstrategiesthatpromoteplantingtreeshavetakenonlythefirsteffectintoaccount.

“Ourstudyshowsthatonlytropicalrainforestsarestronglybeneficialinhelpingslowdownglobalwarming,”Balasaid.“Itisawin-winsituationinthetropicsbecausetreesinthetropics,inadditiontoabsorbingcarbondioxide,promoteconvectivecloudsthathelptocooltheplanet.Inotherlocations,thewarmingfromthealbedoeffecteithercancelsorexceedsthenetcoolingfromtheothertwoeffects.”

Thestudyconcludesthatbytheyear2100,forestsinmid-andhigh-latitudeswillmakesomeplacesupto10degreesFahrenheitwarmerthanwouldhaveoccurrediftheforestsdidnotexist.

(5)Theauthorscautionthatthecoolingfromdeforestationoutsidethetropicsshouldnotbeviewedasastrategyformitigatingclimatechange.“Preservationofecosystemsisaprimarygoalofpreventingglobalwarming,andthedestructionofecosystemstopreventglobalwarmingwouldbeacounterproductiveandperversestrategy.”SaidKenCaldeira,fromtheCarnegieInstitutionandaco-authorofthisreport.

Directions:Eachofthefollowingtwopassageshassomeunderlinedparts.TranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】PassageOne

（1）【參考譯文】香煙廣告商所十分炫耀的香煙吸引力中，如出眾的味道和溫和，沒有一種引誘我們去變為吸煙者或偏好地選擇一個品牌。盡管廣告商強調此類品質，但是它們卻是次要的考慮。這是我們在詢問數百位來自各行各業的人為何喜歡吸煙時，所發現的最初事實中的一件。吸煙是一種心理享受，也是一種生理滿足。

（2）【參考譯文】我們沒有人能完全擺脫我們的童年。我們一直在尋找兒時那種無憂無慮的享受。隨著年齡的增長，我們不得不把我們的樂趣置于工作和必須的不斷的努力之下。于是，對我們許多人來說，吸煙代替了我們早年一時沖動的習慣；這成了打斷工作、享受片刻快樂的正當借口。

PassageTwo

（3）【參考譯文】媒體對碳排放量的報道越來越多。企業受到利益相關方越來越大的壓力，要求它們表現出測量和減少碳排放的承諾。隨著消費者意識的提高，各企業被要求報告他們為減少碳排放量而開展的活動。直到最近，大部分的碳抵消都是通過植樹來完成的。

（4）【參考譯文】在熱帶地區種植和保護森林更有可能減緩全球變暖。但研究得出的結論是，在地球的某些地區種植新樹木實際上可能會使地球變暖。這項新的研究在一個完全互動的三維氣候－碳模型中結合了大規模森林砍伐對氣候和碳循環的影響，證實種植更多的熱帶雨林有助于減緩全球變暖。

（5）【參考譯文】作者警告說，熱帶以外森林砍伐的降溫不應被視為減緩氣候變化的策略。“保護生態系統是防止全球變暖的首要目標，為了防止全球變暖而破壞生態系統將是一種適得其反的錯誤策略。”

17.單選題

Veryfewexpertshave（）withcompletenewanswerstotheworld’seconomicproblems.

問題1選項

A.cometo

B.comearound

C.comeup

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。cometo達到；comearound恢復；comeupwith提出；comeon快點。句意：很少有專家能對世界經濟問題提出全新的答案。選項C符合句意。

18.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

Aswekneltonthecoldgroundandworkedthesoil,gentlyintroducingtheplantsandbulbstotheirnewhome,wealternatelychatteredandgiggledandrememberedquietly.Weplantedtheflowersinaheartshape,sketchedoutinthesnowbyMatsumarasan(松村女士).Itriedtoimaginewhatitmustfeelliketobeher.Tobekneelingonthegroundthatyouoncecalledhome,nowemptyandexposed.Whatitmustfeelliketolookatyourhometownandseemostofitdestroyed.Onlymemoriesremain.

【答案】我們跪在冰冷的土地上，翻動著土壤，邊將植物和球莖慢慢地放到它們的新家里，邊聊著，笑著，靜靜地回憶著。我們按著松村女士在雪里大概畫出的形狀，把花種成了心的形狀。我嘗試著去想象她會有什么感覺。想象著跪在那片曾經稱之為家園，而現在卻已荒蕪暴露的土地上；想象看著自己的家園大部分已經被被毀，是一種什么感覺。僅剩下回憶。

19.單選題

）

of

thedeliveryportandshippingisavailableat

anytime.

問題1選項

A.garage

B.cabinet

C.capsule

D.warehouse

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。garage“車庫”；cabinet“櫥柜”；capsule“膠囊”；warehouse“倉庫”。句意：完成的產品都儲藏在一個交貨港的倉庫里，隨時都可以交貨。選項D符合題意。

20.單選題

ThewordeuthanasiaisofGreekoriginandliterallymeans“agooddeath."TheAmericanHeritageDictionarydefinesitas"theactofkillingapersonpainlesslyforreasonsofmercy."Suchkillingcanbedonethroughactivemeans,suchasadministeringalethalinjection,orbypassivemeans,suchaswithholdingmedicalcareorfoodandwater.

InrecentyearsintheUnitedStates,therehavebeennumerouscasesofactiveeuthanasiainthenews.Theyusuallyinvolvethedeliberatekillingofillorincapacitatedpersonsbyrelativesorfriendswhopleadthattheycannolongerbeartoseetheirlovedonessuffer.Althoughsuchkillingsareacrime,theperpetratorsareoftendealtwithlenientlybyourlegalsystem,andthemediausuallyportraysthemascompassionateheroeswhotakepersonalriskstosaveanotherfromunbearablesuffering.

Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.

Whileitisillegaltokillsomeonedirectly,forexamplewithagunorknife,inmanycasesthelawhasputitsstampofapprovaloncausingdeathbyomittingneededcare.Further,manystateshave“livingwill"lawsdesignedtoprotectthosewhowithholdtreatment,andtherehavebeennumerouscourtrulingswhichhaveapprovedofpatientsbeingdeniedcareandevenstarvedanddehydratedtodeath.

Becausesuchdeathsoccurquietlywithintheconfinesofhospitalsandnursinghomes,theycanbekepthiddenfromthepublic.Mosteuthanasiavictimsareoldorveryill,sotheirdeathsmightbeattributedtoacauseotherthanthedenialofcarethatreallykilledthem.Further,itisoftenrelativesofthepatientwhorequestthatcarebewithheld.Inonecourtcase,thecourtheldthatdecisionstowithholdlife-sustainingcaremaybemadenotonlybyclosefamilymembersbutalsobyanumberofthirdparties,andthatsuchdecisionsneednotbereviewedbythejudicialsystemifthereisnodisagreementbetweendecisionmakersandmedicalstaff.Thecourtwentsofarastorulethatanursinghomemaynotrefusetoparticipateinthefatalwithdrawaloffoodandwaterfromanincompetentpatient!

"Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.Mostofthecasescomingbeforethecourtsdonotinvolvewithholdingheroicmeasuresfromimminentlydyingpeople,butrathertheyseekapprovalfordenyingbasiccare,suchasadministrationoffoodandwater,topeoplewhoarenotelderlyorterminallyill,butwhoarepermanentlyincapacitated.Thesepeoplecouldbeexpectedtoliveindefinitely,thoughinanimpairedstate,iftheyweregivenfoodandwaterandminimaltreatment.

Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.Ifwebasetherighttolifeonqualityoflifestandards,thereisnologicalplacetodrawtheline.

Toprotectvulnerablepatients,wemustfostermorepositiveattitudestowardspeoplewithseriousandincapacitatingillnessesandconditions.Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandres