書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ourfamilydoctor'sclinic（）atthejunctionoftwobusyroads.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rests

B.stands

C.stays

D.seats

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們家庭醫(yī)生的診所位于兩條繁忙馬路的交叉口。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。rest休息，放松，(被)支撐；stand站立，位于，停滯；stay停留，堅(jiān)持，暫住，停下；seat使坐下。故B符合句意。

2.單選題

Shouldthiscrisiscontinue,thePalestinianheathsystemwillfurther（deteriorate）andserviceswillbedisrupted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improve

B.recover

C.worsen

D.decrease

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)improve“提高，增進(jìn)”；B選項(xiàng)recover“修復(fù)，彌補(bǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)worsen“惡化，變得更快”；D選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，減小，降低”。句意：如果這一危機(jī)繼續(xù)下去，巴勒斯坦保健系統(tǒng)將進(jìn)一步惡化，服務(wù)將受到破壞。Deteriorate“惡化，變壞”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Joyceislovedbyallherfriendsbecausesheisverycongenial.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleasant

B.wealthy

C.courageous

D.sensitive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。congenial表示“意氣相投的，性格相似的，適意的”；A項(xiàng)pleasant“令人愉快的，舒適的，討人喜歡的”，B項(xiàng)wealthy“富有的，充分的”，C項(xiàng)courageous“有膽量的，勇敢的”，D項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的，感覺的”。句意：?jiǎn)桃了挂驗(yàn)樾愿窈芟嗤叮运呐笥讯己芟矚g她。根據(jù)句意可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)的意思符合句子。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Whilecrossingthemountainareas,allthemenhadgunsforprotectionlestthey（

）bythelocalbandits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beattacked

B.mustbeattacked

C.wereattacked

D.wouldbeattacked

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由“l(fā)est”引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，意思是“唯恐，以免”，與之有相同用法的還有“forfearthat/inorderthat/sothat”，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用(should/could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thesuggestionthatthemayor（

）theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldpresent

B.present

C.presents

D.oughttopresent

【答案】B

【解析】語法（虛擬語氣）題。suggestion做主語的句子，是虛擬語氣的用法，從句用should+動(dòng)詞原型，should可以省略。所以省略should的B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Allthepeopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascending

B.elevating

C.lifting

D.lingering

【答案】A

【解析】ascend上升；elevate提升，舉起；lift提升，舉起；linger徘徊。根據(jù)句意可知這里指氣球慢慢上升到空中，選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

7.單選題

Thewhite（）backedbywhiteofficersandnativetroops,wascompetentandgenerallywelldisposedtowardthewelfareoftheIndianpeasantmasses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elite

B.eclipse

C.elapse

D.clastic

【答案】A

【解析】句意:受白人軍官和當(dāng)?shù)剀婈?duì)支持的白人精英很有能力，而且總體上對(duì)印度農(nóng)民群眾的福利很有好感。

考查名詞及形容詞辨析。elite精英；精華；eclipse日蝕；月蝕；黯然失色；elapse流逝；吋間的過去；clastic碎片性的；碎屑狀的。由關(guān)鍵詞backedbywhiteofficersandnativetroops(受白人官員和本國(guó)軍隊(duì)支持的)可知A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.creativity

B.security

C.credibility

D.stability

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。creativity創(chuàng)造性；security安全性；credibility確實(shí)性；stability穩(wěn)定性。

句意：與美國(guó)巨大的工作流動(dòng)性相比，日本的工作穩(wěn)定性高是有一些合理的解釋的。根據(jù)下文的mobility可推測(cè)，兩者形成對(duì)比，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascend

B.descend

C.decline

D.plunge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ascend“上升，升髙，攀登”;descend“下降，下傾”，表示空間方位的變化；decline“（數(shù)量、價(jià)值、質(zhì)量等的）減少，下降”；plunge“使突然前沖（或下落），（價(jià)格、溫度等）暴跌”。句意：我們成功到達(dá)山頂，半小時(shí)后我們開始下山。根據(jù)題干的邏輯關(guān)系可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，因此答案選B。

10.單選題

EnglishliteratureandLinguisticsare（

）coursesforEnglishmajors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.conditional

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)constrained“拘泥的，被強(qiáng)迫的”；B選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的，必修的”；C選項(xiàng)conditional“條件語氣的”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“符合習(xí)俗的，傳統(tǒng)的”。主語是“EnglishliteratureandLinguistics英國(guó)文學(xué)和語言學(xué)”，空格后面“courses課程”是句子的表語。由此判斷空格部分意思為“compulsorycourses必修課程”，句意為：英國(guó)文學(xué)和語言學(xué)是英語專業(yè)的必修課程。選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

11.填空題

ThelanguagesofAboriginalAustraliansconstituteanotherunrelatedgroup,anditis________whetherallAustralianlanguagesformasinglefamily.(debate)

【答案】debatable

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞is，可知橫線所在內(nèi)容為表語，應(yīng)該為形容詞，debatable“有爭(zhēng)議的”符合語境，指的是是否所有的澳大利亞語言都是一個(gè)語系這件事存在爭(zhēng)議。

【句意】澳大利亞土著居民的語言構(gòu)成了另一個(gè)不相關(guān)的群體，是否所有的澳大利亞語言都是一個(gè)語系，這是有爭(zhēng)議的。

12.單選題

It’shightimewe（）cuttingdowntherainforests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stopped

B.hadtostop

C.shallstop

D.stop

【答案】A

【解析】句意:是我們停止砍伐熱帶雨林的吋候了。

語法題。考查虛擬語氣。it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.為固定句式,表示“是吋候某人該做某事了”,故排除C，D。B項(xiàng)為“必須,不得不”的過去式,而“it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.”潛在的含義有“必須”的意思,故排除。因此答案選A。

13.單選題

Hefeltarepugnanceforthecitybecauseitwasheavilyundertheinfluenceofforeigners,whomheconsideredtobecorruptand（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unscrupulous

B.withprinciples

C.inprinciple

D.outofprinciple

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)unscrupulous“寡廉鮮恥，不講道德的”；B選項(xiàng)withprinciples“符合原則的”；C選項(xiàng)inprinciple“大體上，原則上”；D選項(xiàng)outofprinciple“背離原則”。根據(jù)題干，可知此處應(yīng)當(dāng)填入一個(gè)形容詞，且含有貶義，因此推測(cè)A選項(xiàng)正確。句意：他對(duì)這座城市感到厭惡因?yàn)檫@城市受外國(guó)人影響太嚴(yán)重了，而他眼中的外國(guó)人是墮落而又……。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen（）,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.homogeneously

D.instantaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：盡管大多數(shù)的夢(mèng)明顯是（）出現(xiàn)的，夢(mèng)境活動(dòng)也可能受到外界的影響。

spontaneously自然地，不由自主地；simultaneously同時(shí)地；homogeneously同樣地；instantaneously即刻，突如其來地。因此，A項(xiàng)spontaneously符合句意。

15.單選題

Inprevioustime,whenfreshmeatwasinshort(),pigeonswerekeptbymanyhouseholdsasasourceoffood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.storage

B.reserve

C.supply

D.provision

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。storage“貯藏庫(kù)，存儲(chǔ)”；reserve“儲(chǔ)備，儲(chǔ)存”；supply“供給；補(bǔ)給”；provision“供應(yīng)品”。句意：在過去，當(dāng)鮮肉短缺時(shí)，許多家庭飼養(yǎng)鴿子作為食物來源。表示供應(yīng)短缺時(shí)固定使用inshortsupply。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Theymakebetteruseofthetimetheyhave,andtheyarelesslikelytosuccumbtofatigueinstressfuljobs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sustain

B.yield

C.endure

D.expose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們更好地利用時(shí)間，并且在有壓力的工作中也不會(huì)……疲勞。sustain“維持（生命、生存）”；yield“屈服，投降”；endure“忍耐”；expose“揭露”。根據(jù)“fatigueinstressfuljobs”可以推測(cè)劃線單詞的意思是“屈服”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdif-ferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ourna-tureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.

Wecansafelysay，withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespec-tivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhier-archicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysat-isfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.

Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbe-tweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstna-ture,adeviationfromthenorm.

Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women’splacewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,be-longedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichoto-mybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved?Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupev-erydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnat-uralinaman.

Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall，forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.

1.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehaverecognizedthat（）

2.Fromparagraph1wecaninferthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareer

because（）

3.TheauthorbelievesthatsexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960swas（）

4.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat（）

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisalmostnocluetotheidentityofbothsexes

B.theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuous

C.thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofculture

D.theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestion

B.women’slibhasbeengoingonformanyyears

C.ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchanging

D.theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen’sroles

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.preferable

B.prevalent

C.presumable

D.precedent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.femalepassivityisnatural

B.menandwomenarephysicallyidentical

C.menareborncompetitiveandaggressive

D.somedifferentsexidentityisacquired

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.

B.Ambitionandself-fulfillment.

C.Financialincentives.

D.Desireforasociallife.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“inrecentyearsthatwehaverecognized”定位至第一段：Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions（但直到最近，我們才意識(shí)到，每一種性別的身份并不容易被確定下來，而且定義是根據(jù)我們所知的不同類型的文化，即科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和意識(shí)形態(tài)革命而演變的）。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至第一段：Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”（在接近21世紀(jì)初的時(shí)候，生物學(xué)和遺傳學(xué)取得的實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展正在從根本上挑戰(zhàn)每一性別所扮演的角色、責(zé)任和特定特征，然而，就在20年前，這些被認(rèn)為是“無可爭(zhēng)議的”）。因此，C項(xiàng)（關(guān)于婦女角色的觀念一直在改變）正確。

3.語義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“sexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960s”定位至第二段：...lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome，因此這種性別差異一直以來都存在。Preferable略勝一籌的；prevalent普遍存在的；presumable可推測(cè)的；precedent在先的。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至第四段，作者認(rèn)為性別分工及性格形成并不是自然而然的事情。因此，D項(xiàng)（一些性別身份的不同是后天獲得的）正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至最后一段：Aboveall,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence（對(duì)于所有女性來說，工作是想要獨(dú)立）。因此，A項(xiàng)（希望獲得權(quán)力和自由）概括全面。

18.單選題

Thehabitoftravellingbyairisbecomingmore________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prominent

B.prevalent

C.prudent

D.precious

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.prominent重要的，顯著的B.prevalent流行的，普遍存在的

C.prudent謹(jǐn)慎的，慎重的D.precious寶貴的，珍貴的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處做表語來說明“Thehabitoftravellingbyair（乘飛機(jī)旅行的習(xí)慣）”正變得怎么樣。此處應(yīng)該是說大家都習(xí)慣于乘飛機(jī)旅行，這一現(xiàn)象變得越來越普遍。prevalent指在某一特定地點(diǎn)或時(shí)期普遍、常見的，因此B選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的，普遍存在的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)prominent“重要的，顯著的”指某人或某物非常著名或顯眼；

C選項(xiàng)prudent“謹(jǐn)慎的，慎重的”指具有謹(jǐn)慎的良好判斷力；

D選項(xiàng)precious“寶貴的，珍貴的”指某物非常有價(jià)值，十分重要；

均不能和“habit（習(xí)慣）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】乘飛機(jī)旅行的習(xí)慣變得越來越普遍了。

19.單選題

Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:

Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelling

B.component

C.competent

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”，B項(xiàng)component“組成的”，C項(xiàng)competent“有能力的”，D項(xiàng)compulsive“強(qiáng)制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒絕提到剩余工資并提出了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而又引人注目的問題：為什么雇主要為一次同樣的工作付兩次錢？因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Thepaintingwasavaluablefamilypossession,whichhadbeen（）fromgenerationtogeneration.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.handedover

B.handedout

C.handeddown

D.handedacross

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)handover“交出，移交”；B選項(xiàng)handout“分發(fā)，施舍”；C選項(xiàng)handdown“宣傳，流傳下去”；D選項(xiàng)handacross無此搭配。句意：這幅畫是一件珍貴的家財(cái)，一直代代相傳。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

21.單選題

（

）isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.There

B.This

C.That

D.It

【答案】D

【解析】考查形式主語的用法。本句缺少主語。that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)完整的句子，由此可知句首只需要一個(gè)形式主語。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)it可充當(dāng)形式主語。句意：英語正在被接受為一種國(guó)際語言，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。

22.單選題

Inthelast12yearstotalemploymentintheUnitedStatesgrewfasterthanatanytimeinthepeacetimehistoryofanycountry—from82to110millionbetween1973and1985—thatis,byafullonethird.Theentiregrowth,however,wasinmanufacturing,andespeciallyinnon-blue-collarjobs.

Thistrendisthesameinalldevelopedcountries,andis,indeed,evenmorepronouncedinJapan.Itisthereforehighlyprobablethatin25yearsdevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapanwillemploynolargeraproportionofthelaborforceinmanufacturingthandevelopedcountriesnowemployinfarming—atmost,10percent.TodaytheUnitedStatesemploysaround18millionpeopleinblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingindustries.By2010,thenumberislikelytobenomorethan12million.Insomemajorindustriesthedropwillbeevensharper.Itisquiteunrealistic,forinstance,toexpectthattheAmericanautomobileindustrywillemploymorethanone-thirdofitspresentblue-collarforce25yearshence,eventhoughproductionmightbe50percenthigher.

Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesametimesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitive—oreventoremain“developed.”Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.

ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.WhatconfusestheissueevenmoreisthattheUnitedStalesisexperiencingseveralseparateanddifferentshiftsinthemanufacturingeconomy.Oneistheaccelerationofthesubstitutionofknowledgeandcapitalformanuallabor.Wherewespokeofmechanizationafewdecadesago,wenowspeakof“robotization”or“automation”.Thisisactuallymoreachangeinterminologythanachangeinreality.WhenHenryFordintroducedtheassemblylinein1909,hecutthenumberofman—hoursrequiredtoproduceamotorcarbysome80percentintwoorthreeyears—farmorethananyoneexpectstoresultfromeventhemostcompleterobotization.Butthereisnodoubtthatwearefacinganewsharpaccelerationinthereplacementofmanualworkersbymachines—thatis,bytheproductsofknowledge.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theshrinkageinthemanufacturinglaborforcedemonstrates（）.

2.Americanpoliticiansandlaborlenderstendtodislike（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inthecoming25years,adevelopedcountryorindustry,inordertoremaincompetitive,oughtto（）.

4.Thispassagemayhavebeenexcerptedfrom（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedegreetowhichacountry'sproductionisrobotized

B.areductioninacountry’smanufacturingindustries

C.aworseningrelationshipbetweenlaborandmanagement

D.thedifferencebetweenadevelopedcountryandadevelopingcountry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.confusioninmanufacturingeconomy

B.anincreaseinblue-collarworkforce

C.internalcompetitioninmanufacturingproduction

D.adropintheblue-collarjobopportunities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.reducethepercentageoftheblue-collarworkforce

B.preserveblue-collarjobsforinternationalcompetition

C.acceleratemotor-canmanufacturinginHenryFord'sstyle

D.solvetheproblemofunemployment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.amagazineaboutcapitalinvestment

B.anarticleonautomation

C.amotor-carmagazine

D.anarticleonglobaleconomy

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推理題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“Oneistheacceleration...“robotization”or“automation”.”知識(shí)和資本開始加速替代體力勞動(dòng)。幾十年前我們談?wù)摍C(jī)械化，現(xiàn)在我們談?wù)摗皺C(jī)器人化”或“自動(dòng)化”。由此可以推斷，制造業(yè)勞動(dòng)力的變化說明了一個(gè)國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化程度。制造業(yè)勞動(dòng)力越少，自動(dòng)化程度越高，反之亦然。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，美國(guó)政治家和勞動(dòng)力領(lǐng)袖不喜歡一種結(jié)論，即上一段提到的：如果一家公司、一個(gè)行業(yè)或一個(gè)國(guó)家在未來25年內(nèi)不大幅增加制造業(yè)產(chǎn)量，同時(shí)大幅削減藍(lán)領(lǐng)勞動(dòng)力，那么它就不可能保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，甚至不可能保持“發(fā)達(dá)”。而這必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)，這是美國(guó)政治家和勞動(dòng)力領(lǐng)袖不希望看到的，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，在未來25年內(nèi)，行業(yè)或者國(guó)家需要在保證制造業(yè)產(chǎn)量的同時(shí)削減藍(lán)領(lǐng)勞動(dòng)力。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.主旨推斷題。文章主要講的是隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展，機(jī)器也就是人類知識(shí)的產(chǎn)物將會(huì)取代勞動(dòng)力。所以文章最有可能是關(guān)于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的，選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)B太片面，文章不僅僅是講自動(dòng)化，勞動(dòng)力應(yīng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)，所以不選B。

23.單選題

Whenpreparingadiet,apersonshouldbeawarethatvitaminDactstoincreasetheamountofcalciumabsorbedbythebody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scheduleofexercise

B.nutritionalplan

C.studyoflongevity

D.medicinalchart

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。題目中diet表示“飲食，規(guī)定飲食”；A選項(xiàng)為“鍛煉日程”；B選項(xiàng)為“營(yíng)養(yǎng)計(jì)劃”；C選項(xiàng)為“長(zhǎng)壽研宄”；D選項(xiàng)為“藥用圖表，藥紙”。句意：在安排飲食時(shí)，個(gè)人應(yīng)該注意維他命D的作用是增加人體對(duì)鈣的吸收。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

24.單選題

Hesaidthatveryclearlysothatnobodywasinany（）aboutwhatwasmeant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wonder

B.doubt

C.question

D.consideration

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞組辨析。inquestion討論中的，考慮中的；indoubt感到懷疑，不能肯定的；wonder想知道，inconsideration考慮到，鑒于。句意：他說得很清楚，所以沒有人對(duì)他的意思感到懷疑。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

25.單選題

Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellthrough

B.felloff

C.fellout

D.fellbehind

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”；B選項(xiàng)felloff“跌落；下降；脫落；減少”；C選項(xiàng)fellout“掉落；爭(zhēng)吵”；D選項(xiàng)fellbehind“落后于，落伍”。句意：維姬最近很傷心，因?yàn)樗洗髮W(xué)的計(jì)劃在最后一刻______。根據(jù)語境，這里上大學(xué)的計(jì)劃不能實(shí)施，A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

ForthousandsofCanadians,badserviceisneithermake-believenoramusing.Itisanaggravatingandworseningreal-lifephenomenonthatencompassesbehaviorrangingfromindifferenceandrudenesstonakedhostilityandevenphysicalviolence.Acrossthecountry,betterbusinessbureausreportalengtheninglitanyofcomplaintsaboutcontractors,cardealers,repairshops,movingcompanies,airlinesanddepartmentstores.Thereisalmostanadversarialfeelingbetweenbusinessesandconsumers.

Expertssaythereareseveralexplanationsforillfeelinginthemarketplace.Oneisthatcustomerservicewasanearlyandinevitablecasualtywhenretailersrespondedtobrutalcompetitionbyreplacingemployeeswithtechnologysuchas1~800numbersandvoicemail.Anotherfactoristhatbusinessgenerallyhasbegunplacingmoreemphasisongettingcustomersthanonkeepingthem.Stillanotheristhatstrident,frustratedandimpatientshoppersvexshopownersandmakethemevenlesshospitable—especiallyatbusiertimesoftheyearlikeChristmas.Onbothsides,simplecourtesyhasgonebytheboard.Andforamultitudeofconsumers,servicewentwithit.

TheBetterBusinessBureauatVancouvergets250complaintsaweek,twiceasmanyasfiveyearsago.Thebureauthenhadonecomplaintscounselorandnowhasfour.Peoplecomplainaboutbeinginsulted,havingtheirintelligenceandintegrityquestioned,andbeingthreatened.Onewillhearaboutpeoplebeinghauledalmostbodilyoutthedoorbysomebodysayingthingslike“Idon’thavetoserveyou!”or“thisisprivateproperty,getoutanddon’tcomeback!”Whatcancustomersdo?Ifthebureau’sarbitrationprocessfailstosettleadispute,acustomer’sonlyrecourseistosueinsmallclaimscourt.Butbecauseofthecostsandtimeittakes,relativelyfeweverdo.

Thereisalotofsupportforthenotionthatservicehas,inpart,fallenvictimtogenerationalchange.Manyyoungpeopleregardretailing“asjustadead-endjobthatyou’rejustgoingtodotemporarilyonyourwaytoarealjob”.Youngclerksoftenlackbothknowledgeandcivility.Employersarehavingtotrainyoungpeopleinsimplemannersbecausethatisnotbeingdoneathome.Salespeopletoday,especiallytheyoungerones,havegrownupinatelevision-computersocietywherethey’veinteractedlargelywithmachines.Oneofthebiggestcomplaintsfrombusinessesaboutgraduatesisthelackofinterpersonalskills.

Whatcustomersreallywantisaccess.Theywanttogetthroughwhentheycall,theydon’twantbusysignals,theydon’twantinteractivesystemstellingthemtopushoneforthisandtwoforthat—theydon’twantvoicemail.Andifcustomersdonotgetwhattheywant,theydefect.Somepeoplegobacktolocalsmallbusinesses:theAsiangreengrocer,aGreekbakerandaGreekfishmonger.Theydon’twearnametags,butonegetstoknowthem,allbyname.

46.Atabusinessplaceofbadservice,theworstonecangetis（）.

47.Oneofthereasonsforsuchillfeelinginthemarketplaceisthat（）.

48.WhathaschangedatVancouverBelerServiceBurcauinthepastfiveyears?（）

49.Youngclerksoftenlackinterpersonalskillschieflybecausethey（）.

50.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsbusinessesandbadserviceis（）them.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indifferenceandrudeness

B.nakedhostilityandphysicalviolence

C.havingintelligenceandintegrityquestioned

D.beinginsultedandthreatened

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shoppersareusuallystrident,frustratedandimpatient

B.shoppersoftentakebusinessestocourttosettlethem

C.businessesusenewtechnologyinsteadofemployee

D.businessesarekeenonkeepingcustomers,notgettingthem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Moreeffective.

B.Lessbureaucracy.

C.Morebusiness.

D.Betterstaff.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areskilledindealingwithmachinesnotpeople

B.arenottrainedinsimplemannersathome

C.fallvictimstogenerationalchange

D.takeretailingtobeatemporaryjob

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.attacking

B.understanding

C.regretting

D.warning

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】46.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題意定位到文章第一段第二句“Itisanaggravatingandworseningreal-lifephenomenonthatencompassesbehaviorrangingfromindifferenceandrudenesstonakedhostilityandevenphysicalviolence.（它是一個(gè)正在不斷惡化的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的現(xiàn)象，包括從漠不關(guān)心、粗俗無禮到不加掩飾的惡意甚至身體暴力等一系列行為。）”可知，這些劣質(zhì)服務(wù)行為按照嚴(yán)重程度遞增排列。A選項(xiàng)“冷漠和粗魯”；B選項(xiàng)“赤裸裸的敵意和身體暴力”；C選項(xiàng)“智力和正直受到質(zhì)疑”；D選項(xiàng)“被侮辱和威脅”，其中最惡劣的是不加掩飾的惡意甚至身體暴力，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題意定位到文章第二段，第二段分析了三個(gè)原因。第一個(gè)原因是：零售商應(yīng)對(duì)殘酷的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)采用技術(shù)取代員工。第二個(gè)原因是：商家一般都開始把重點(diǎn)更多放在贏得顧客而不是保持顧客上。第三個(gè)原因是：一些吵鬧的、失望的沒有耐心的購(gòu)買者經(jīng)常惹惱店主。A選項(xiàng)“購(gòu)物者通常是刺耳的、沮喪的和不耐煩的”只是個(gè)別現(xiàn)象；B選項(xiàng)“購(gòu)物者經(jīng)常把商家告上法庭”文中沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“商家使用技術(shù)替代員工”符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)熱衷于留住顧客，而不是得到他們”與文意不符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題意定位到文章第三段的第一句“TheBetterBusinessBureauatVancouvergets250complaintsaweek,twiceasmanyasfiveyearsago.Thebureauthenhadonecomplaintscounselorandnowhasfour.（溫哥華商業(yè)促進(jìn)局每周接到250起投訴，是五年前的兩倍。該局當(dāng)時(shí)只有一名投訴顧問，現(xiàn)在有四名。）”可知，投訴多了，業(yè)務(wù)更加繁忙了。A選項(xiàng)“效率更高”；B選項(xiàng)“官僚作風(fēng)減少”；D選項(xiàng)“更好的職員”文中沒有提到，C選項(xiàng)“更多的業(yè)務(wù)”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題意可定位到文章第四段，第四段提到了服務(wù)成了代與代之間變化的受害者并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了闡述。A選項(xiàng)“擅長(zhǎng)與機(jī)器而非人打交道”與年輕職員人際交流能力差相關(guān)，而且是直接原因；B選項(xiàng)“在家沒有接受簡(jiǎn)單的禮儀訓(xùn)練”；C選項(xiàng)“成為代與代之間變化的受害者”；D選項(xiàng)“將零售視為臨時(shí)的工作”都是年輕人其他方面的表現(xiàn)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。文中作者主要描述了劣質(zhì)服務(wù)的存在及分析其原因。最后一段作者寫到顧客真正想要的是一個(gè)接近的機(jī)會(huì)。如果顧客得不到他們想要的服務(wù)，他們就會(huì)跑掉。由此可見作者是在呼吁并警告服務(wù)行業(yè)要善于找出他們的服務(wù)問題并進(jìn)行改善。A選項(xiàng)“攻擊的”；B選項(xiàng)“理解的”；C選項(xiàng)“懊悔的”；D選項(xiàng)“警告的”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.單選題

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisinadequatesupply.Competitorsmayawareofoneanother,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimal.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto（

）.

2.Accordingtheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat

（

）.

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”(Line7,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“（

）".

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethatcharacteristicfeaturesofcooperation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Iswarinevitable?

B.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

C.Isconflictdesirable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“在第一段中，作者給一些術(shù)語下了定義，目的是……”。文章第一段提到“這些定義是有必要的，因?yàn)楸仨殢?qiáng)調(diào)在一個(gè)資源有限的世界中，個(gè)人或團(tuán)體之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的，但是此沖突不是彼沖突”（Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict），由此可以看出作者是為了區(qū)分兩種“沖突”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者看來，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與沖突的區(qū)別在于……”。文章第二段第一、二句提到“很多作者認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的，其前提是在動(dòng)物物種的斗爭(zhēng)中，只有適者生存。一般來說，這種斗爭(zhēng)在本質(zhì)上是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而不是沖突”（Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict），因此選項(xiàng)D“它本質(zhì)是為了生存斗爭(zhēng)”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“短語functioninthedisserviceofeachother的意思是……”。該短語與后文的functionintheserviceofoneanother相對(duì)應(yīng)，意思與之相反，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章可能主要是為了回答……這個(gè)問題”。文章第一句話提到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是不可避免這個(gè)問題得到世界上很多偉大作家的關(guān)注（Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatw